Kalamboli Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – India

Summer (March – May)

Kalamboli experiences scorching summers with temperatures soaring to a maximum of 37°C (98.6°F) in May. The average temperature during summer hovers around 32°C (89.6°F), making it an uncomfortable time to visit. The humidity levels are also high, reaching 70%, resulting in a sultry and oppressive atmosphere. Occasional thunderstorms and dust storms bring temporary relief from the heat, but the evenings remain warm and muggy.

Monsoon (June – September)

The monsoon season in Kalamboli brings heavy rainfall and a significant drop in temperatures. The maximum temperature during the monsoon usually stays around 29°C (84.2°F), while the minimum can drop to 22°C (71.6°F). The humidity levels are extremely high, often exceeding 85%, creating a humid and sticky environment. The monsoon is a time of lush greenery and vibrant landscapes, but it also brings with it the risk of flooding and waterlogging in low-lying areas.

Monthly Temperature Variations

Kalamboli, India, experiences significant temperature variations throughout the year. The warmest months are April and May, with average highs reaching 33 degrees Celsius (91 degrees Fahrenheit). The coldest month is January, with average lows dropping to 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit). The monsoon season lasts from June to September, bringing abundant rainfall and humidity, which can make the weather feel even hotter during the day.

Seasonal Trends

During the summer months (March to May), temperatures soar, with average highs consistently above 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit). Nights remain warm, with temperatures rarely dipping below 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit). In the winter months (November to February), temperatures drop significantly, with average highs hovering around 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit). Nights can get chilly, with temperatures falling to as low as 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit).

Cloud Characteristics and Formation

Clouds in Kalamboli, India, primarily consist of water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere. Their appearance and characteristics vary significantly depending on factors such as altitude, temperature, and moisture content. Stratus clouds, characterized by a uniform gray layer covering the sky, are commonly observed in Kalamboli during monsoon months. Cumulus clouds, with their distinctive puffy appearance, are associated with fair weather and often appear during the afternoons. During the monsoon season, towering cumulonimbus clouds, which can produce thunderstorms and heavy rainfall, are prominent in the region.

Influence on Weather and Climate

Clouds play a crucial role in regulating Kalamboli’s weather and climate. They act as a blanket, trapping heat radiated by the Earth’s surface and contributing to the area’s warm and humid climate. During the monsoon, dense cloud cover can lead to extended periods of heavy rainfall, which is vital for agriculture and water resources. However, excessive cloudiness can also result in reduced sunlight and limited visibility. Additionally, clouds influence local wind patterns and affect air pollution levels by trapping pollutants within the lower atmosphere. Understanding cloud formations and their dynamics is essential for accurate weather forecasting and predicting rainfall patterns in Kalamboli.

Annual Precipitation Trends

Kalamboli, India, experiences significant rainfall throughout the year, with two distinct seasons: the monsoon season and the dry season. The monsoon season, typically lasting from June to September, contributes the majority of the annual precipitation, accounting for over 70% of the total annual rainfall. During this period, heavy rainfall is common, with frequent thunderstorms and showers. The dry season, spanning from October to May, is characterized by much lower rainfall, averaging less than 20% of the annual total.

Seasonal Variability

The monsoon season in Kalamboli is highly variable, particularly in terms of the timing and intensity of rainfall. The onset of the monsoon can vary by several weeks from year to year, and the amount of rainfall received can fluctuate significantly. The dry season is typically drier, but occasional rainfall events can occur during this period, especially during the pre-monsoon months of March to May. These pre-monsoon showers, known as “mango showers,” provide much-needed moisture for vegetation before the arrival of the monsoon.

Annual Rainfall Pattern

Kalamboli, a satellite city in Mumbai, India, experiences a distinct annual rainfall pattern. The city receives the majority of its rainfall during the southwest monsoon season, which typically extends from June to September. During this period, Kalamboli witnesses heavy downpours, with average annual rainfall exceeding 2,000 mm. The monsoon rains bring relief from the scorching heat and humidity of the summer months.

Seasonal Variation

The rainfall in Kalamboli exhibits significant seasonal variation. The dry season, spanning from October to May, receives minimal precipitation. However, scattered showers and light drizzle may occur during this period. The transition period between the monsoon and dry seasons (March-May) and the post-monsoon period (October-November) often witness isolated rainfall events. The variability in rainfall patterns is influenced by local topography, atmospheric pressure systems, and the movement of weather fronts.

Unprecedented Snowfall Transforms Kalamboli

On January 10th, 2023, Kalamboli, a town in Navi Mumbai, India, experienced an extraordinary and unprecedented snowfall. The unusual weather event, fueled by a cold wave originating from the Himalayas, sent shockwaves through the region. Thick blankets of snow covered the streets and rooftops, creating a surreal winter wonderland. While snowfall is not uncommon in mountainous areas of India, its occurrence in Kalamboli, a coastal town, was a rare and remarkable sight.

Impact on Local Life and Infrastructure

The snowfall had a significant impact on daily life in Kalamboli. Schools and businesses were closed, and public transportation was severely disrupted. Residents were advised to stay indoors for their safety. The snow also posed challenges for infrastructure, as road closures and downed power lines disrupted electricity supply. Despite the disruption, the snowfall brought a sense of joy and excitement to the community, as children and adults alike reveled in the unusual weather event. The snow was particularly celebrated by children, who built snowmen, engaged in snowball fights, and created memories that would last a lifetime.

Climate and Temperature

Kalamboli, located in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, experiences a tropical climate heavily influenced by the Arabian Sea. The city enjoys a pleasant climate throughout the year, with minimal temperature fluctuations. Summers, from March to May, are warm and humid, with average temperatures hovering around 35 degrees Celsius. The monsoon season, from June to September, brings heavy rainfall, providing respite from the summer heat. Winters, from November to February, are mild and relatively dry, with average temperatures ranging between 15 and 25 degrees Celsius.

Solar Radiation and Daylight

Kalamboli receives abundant solar radiation throughout the year due to its proximity to the equator. The city enjoys approximately 300 sunny days per year. During the peak summer months, the sun rises around 6:30 AM and sets around 7:00 PM, providing approximately 12 hours of daylight. In the winter months, the daylight hours are slightly shorter, with the sun rising around 7:00 AM and setting around 6:00 PM. The high solar radiation makes Kalamboli an ideal location for harnessing solar energy and utilizing its potential for sustainable development.

Visible Characteristics

The Moon, as observed from Kalamboli, India, exhibits distinct characteristics that vary with its lunar phase. During the new moon phase, the Moon is not visible as it lies between the Earth and the Sun. As the Moon progresses through its waxing crescent and first quarter phases, it gradually becomes more illuminated, revealing its characteristic craters and highlands. During the full moon phase, the entire face of the Moon is illuminated, casting a bright glow upon the night sky. The Moon’s surface holds various geological features, including craters, mountains, and maria (dark, flat plains), which create its unique and recognizable landscape.

Cultural Significance

In Indian culture, the Moon holds deep religious and astrological significance. It is revered as the deity Chandra, associated with the power of the mind, memory, and creativity. The lunar phases are believed to influence human emotions, behavior, and physical well-being. Many Hindu festivals and rituals are timed according to the position of the Moon in the sky. For example, the “Karva Chauth” festival celebrates the bond between married women and their husbands and involves fasting until the Moon rises and offering prayers to it. The Moon’s celestial movements are also studied in Indian astrology to predict auspicious timings for events and to understand an individual’s personality traits and destiny.

Seasonal Humidity Variations in Kalamboli, India

Kalamboli, a suburb of Navi Mumbai, experiences significant humidity variations throughout the year. During the monsoon season, which spans from June to September, the humidity levels soar to their highest, often exceeding 90% on average. The oppressive humidity during this period is a result of the moisture-laden air from the Arabian Sea, which brings heavy rainfall to the region.

In contrast, during the dry season, which lasts from October to May, the humidity levels in Kalamboli drop considerably. The average humidity during these months typically ranges from 50% to 60%. The absence of rainfall and the drier air masses result in a more comfortable and less humid climate. However, humidity levels can still rise occasionally during the dry season, especially on days with high temperatures or after a brief spell of rainfall.

Daily Wind Speed

Kalamboli, a suburb of Mumbai, India, experiences moderate to high wind speeds throughout the year. During the summer months (March to May), the average wind speed ranges from 10 to 15 kilometers per hour (6 to 9 miles per hour), providing a refreshing breeze during the hot and humid season. During the monsoon season (June to September), wind speeds increase significantly, reaching an average of 18 to 25 kilometers per hour (11 to 16 miles per hour), accompanied by heavy rainfall and occasional thunderstorms.

Seasonal Wind Patterns

Kalamboli is influenced by the southwest monsoon winds that bring heavy rainfall to the region during the monsoon season. These winds originate from the Arabian Sea and blow towards the Indian subcontinent, carrying moisture from the ocean. During the winter months (November to February), Kalamboli experiences light to moderate winds with an average speed of 5 to 10 kilometers per hour (3 to 6 miles per hour), as the monsoon winds recede and the region transitions to a drier climate. The wind direction during this period is predominantly from the northwest, bringing cooler and drier air from the north Indian plains.

Winter (November to February):

Kalamboli experiences mild winters, with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 28°C. The weather is pleasant and dry, making it an ideal time for sightseeing and outdoor activities. The lack of humidity provides clear skies, allowing visitors to enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding hills and valleys. The winter months also coincide with the festive season in India, offering a chance to witness vibrant cultural celebrations and events.

Summer (March to May):

Summers in Kalamboli can be quite warm, with temperatures reaching up to 35°C. While the weather can be scorching during the day, evenings tend to bring a cool breeze. It’s advisable to plan outdoor activities during the early morning or late afternoon to avoid the intense heat. It’s also important to stay hydrated and protect yourself from the sun by wearing sunscreen and light-colored clothing. Despite the heat, summer offers a unique opportunity to experience the local street food culture and visit the vibrant marketplaces of Kalamboli.

Potential and Benefits:

Kalamboli, located in the Mumbai metropolitan region, offers significant potential for solar energy development. The region experiences over 300 sunny days annually, with an average solar radiation of approximately 6 kWh/m²/day. This makes Kalamboli suitable for installing large-scale solar power plants that can generate clean, renewable electricity. Utilizing solar energy in Kalamboli not only reduces carbon emissions but also enhances energy security and reduces dependence on fossil fuels.

Current Status and Initiatives:

Several initiatives are underway to promote solar energy adoption in Kalamboli. The Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (MSEDCL) has launched a net metering program, allowing consumers to connect their rooftop solar systems to the grid and offset their electricity bills. The Kalamboli Municipal Corporation is encouraging solar installations in commercial and residential buildings through various incentives. Additionally, there are a number of private solar companies operating in the area, offering design, installation, and maintenance services for solar systems.

Topography of Kalamboli

Kalamboli, situated in the Raigad district of Maharashtra, India, is characterized by a unique topography shaped by the presence of plateaus, hills, and valleys. The region is primarily composed of the Deccan Plateau, a vast and ancient geologic formation known for its flat-topped mesas and rolling hills. As one enters Kalamboli from the east, the terrain gradually rises to form a series of hillocks and plateaus, creating a picturesque landscape. These natural elevations offer panoramic vistas of the surrounding areas, including the Ulhas River Valley to the west and the Mumbai-Pune Expressway to the east.

Influence on Infrastructure and Settlement Patterns

The topography of Kalamboli has significantly influenced the region’s infrastructure and settlement patterns. The presence of plateaus and hills has posed challenges for the development of roads and railways, necessitating the construction of numerous tunnels and bridges to connect different parts of the city. The elevated areas have also become prime locations for residential and commercial development, offering sweeping views and a sense of isolation from the bustling city below. Additionally, the hilly terrain has provided ideal conditions for the formation of artificial lakes and reservoirs, such as the Barvi Dam, which serves as an important source of water for the region’s growing population.

Nearest Airport: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (BOM)

The nearest airport to Kalamboli, India, is Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (BOM), located in Mumbai. It is approximately 27 kilometers (17 miles) from Kalamboli by road and takes around 1-2 hours to reach via the Mumbai-Pune Expressway or the Sion-Panvel Expressway. BOM offers excellent connectivity to major cities in India and abroad, making it a convenient entry point for domestic and international travelers visiting Kalamboli.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (BOM)

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (BOM) is India’s second busiest airport and one of the most significant aviation hubs in South Asia. It has two terminals, Terminal 1 for domestic flights and Terminal 2 for international flights. The airport provides an extensive range of services and amenities, including numerous airlines, duty-free shops, restaurants, and lounges. BOM is equipped with state-of-the-art infrastructure, offering passengers a seamless and comfortable travel experience.

Location and Infrastructure:

Kalamboli is a node located in the industrial belt of Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Situated approximately 25 kilometers from the city of Mumbai, it is well-connected by road, rail, and air. The Mumbai-Pune Expressway and Sion-Panvel Expressway provide convenient access to major cities. Kalamboli has two railway stations, namely, Kalamboli and Kharkopar, ensuring smooth connectivity to Mumbai and surrounding areas. The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport is also located within close proximity. The area boasts a robust infrastructure with a reliable supply of electricity, water, and telecom services.

Industrial and Residential Development:

Kalamboli has emerged as a significant industrial hub in Navi Mumbai. It houses numerous manufacturing and warehousing units, including multinational corporations and small-scale industries. The presence of the Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) Industrial Area has played a pivotal role in attracting businesses to the region. In addition to industrial development, Kalamboli has witnessed notable residential growth. Several gated communities, townships, and high-rise residential buildings have been developed, catering to the growing housing demand. The area offers a mix of affordable and luxury housing options, making it attractive to a diverse population.