Kadugli Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Sudan

Temperature

Kadugli experiences warm temperatures year-round, with average highs ranging from 32 to 36 degrees Celsius (90 to 97 degrees Fahrenheit). The hottest months are March and April, when temperatures can reach up to 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). The cooler months are July and August, when temperatures average around 29 degrees Celsius (84 degrees Fahrenheit).

Rainfall

Kadugli has a distinct rainy season that typically lasts from May to October. During this period, heavy rainfall occurs frequently, with an average of 600 to 700 millimeters (24 to 28 inches) of precipitation per year. The driest months are December to March, when rainfall is minimal. The rainy season can bring challenges such as flooding and road closures, but it also provides vital water for agriculture and livestock.

Average Temperature in Kadugli, Sudan

Kadugli, the capital of South Kordofan, Sudan, experiences distinct wet and dry seasons. The average annual temperature hovers around 29.3°C (84.7°F), with significant variations throughout the year. The highest temperatures occur during the dry season, which spans from November to April. During this period, temperatures can soar to an average of 38°C (100.4°F). However, the nights remain relatively cool, with temperatures dropping to around 20°C (68°F).

In contrast, the wet season, which lasts from May to October, brings a moderate decrease in temperatures. The average temperature during this time is approximately 25°C (77°F), with minimal fluctuations. The humidity levels rise significantly during the wet season, making the air feel warmer than the actual temperature. During the wet season, Kadugli receives an average of 700 mm (27.5 in) of rainfall, which is concentrated in short, heavy downpours.

Cloud Patterns

Kadugli, Sudan experiences a variety of cloud patterns throughout the year. During the rainy season (April to October), cumulonimbus clouds are common. These clouds are tall, puffy, and often produce thunderstorms. During the dry season (November to March), cirrus clouds are more prevalent. These clouds are thin, wispy, and made of ice crystals. Other cloud patterns that can be seen in Kadugli include stratus clouds, which are flat and gray, and altostratus clouds, which are similar to stratus clouds but appear higher in the sky.

Cloud Behavior

The behavior of clouds in Kadugli is influenced by several factors, including temperature, humidity, and wind speed. During the rainy season, the high temperatures and humidity create ideal conditions for the formation of cumulonimbus clouds. These clouds can quickly grow to great heights and produce heavy rainfall. During the dry season, the cooler temperatures and lower humidity make it less likely for clouds to form. However, cirrus clouds can still be seen on occasion, as they are formed at high altitudes where the temperatures are colder. The wind speed also affects the behavior of clouds in Kadugli. Strong winds can cause clouds to move quickly and change shape. Light winds, on the other hand, allow clouds to remain stationary and develop more fully.

Variation and Patterns

Kadugli, Sudan experiences a pronounced rainy season from May to September, contributing to a tropical climate. During these months, rainfall is abundant, with monthly averages ranging from 100 to 250 mm. The wettest months are July and August, when precipitation often exceeds 150 mm per month. Conversely, the dry season spans November to April, characterized by scant rainfall or even drought-like conditions.

Distribution and Frequency

The spatial distribution of precipitation varies within Kadugli. The northern and western outskirts receive less rainfall than the southern and eastern regions. This pattern is influenced by topography, with the nearby Nuba Mountains playing a role in cloud formation and precipitation distribution. The frequency of precipitation also varies throughout the year, with daily rainfall occurring more frequently during the rainy season. Thunderstorms are common during this time, bringing heavy downpours and occasional flooding.

Rainfall Patterns

Kadugli, the capital of South Kordofan in Sudan, experiences a tropical wet and dry climate. During the rainy season, which typically lasts from April to October, the city receives substantial rainfall, with monthly totals averaging between 100 and 250 mm. The heaviest rainfall occurs during the peak of the rainy season in July and August. The dry season, from November to March, is characterized by minimal rainfall, with monthly totals typically below 10 mm.

Climate Change Impacts

Like many regions around the world, Kadugli has been affected by climate change, which is altering rainfall patterns. The city has experienced an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events, leading to flash floods and soil erosion. Additionally, the onset of the rainy season has become more variable, making it difficult for farmers to plan their planting cycles. Climate change is also contributing to a decline in overall rainfall totals, which has implications for water availability and agricultural production.

Historical Snowfall Event

Kadugli, a city in southeastern Sudan, experienced a rare snowfall event in January 2023. This was the first time snow had fallen in the city in recorded history. The snowfall was caused by an unusual weather pattern that brought cold air from the north and moisture from the Red Sea. The snow accumulated to a depth of several inches, covering the city in a blanket of white.

Impact on the Local Population

The snowfall caused widespread disruption to daily life in Kadugli. Roads were closed, schools were canceled, and businesses were forced to shut down. The snow also caused damage to some buildings and infrastructure. The local population was largely unprepared for the snowfall, as winter temperatures in Kadugli typically range from 15 to 25 degrees Celsius (59 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit). The snowfall was a major novelty for many residents, who took to the streets to enjoy the rare sight.

Sunrise and Sunset Times in Kadugli, Sudan

Kadugli, a city in the southern part of Sudan, experiences variations in sunrise and sunset times throughout the year due to the Earth’s tilt and its position on the globe. The sun rises and sets earlier during the summer months (June to August) and later during the winter months (December to February). The exact sunrise and sunset times vary slightly each day, but on average, the sun rises around 6:30 AM and sets around 6:30 PM during the summer months. During the winter months, the sun rises around 7:00 AM and sets around 5:30 PM.

Sun’s Path and Position in Kadugli, Sudan

The sun’s path and position in Kadugli vary throughout the year due to the Earth’s tilt and its position on the globe. During the summer months (June to August), the sun is higher in the sky and its path is more direct, resulting in longer daylight hours. The sun reaches its highest point in the sky around noon, and its rays are more intense during this time. During the winter months (December to February), the sun is lower in the sky and its path is less direct, resulting in shorter daylight hours. The sun reaches its lowest point in the sky around noon, and its rays are less intense during this time.

Moonrise and Moonset Times

The moonrise and moonset times in Kadugli, Sudan, vary throughout the year due to Earth’s rotation and tilt. Generally, the moon rises in the east and sets in the west, and the exact times differ each day. For instance, on January 1, 2023, the moon rises at 6:16 PM and sets at 6:47 AM. In contrast, on July 1, 2023, the moon rises at 7:08 PM and sets at 7:39 AM. The moon’s visibility is affected by factors such as phase, age, and cloud cover. During a full moon, the entire face of the moon is illuminated, making it highly visible in the night sky.

Moon Phases

The moon goes through different phases as it orbits Earth, and these phases are visible from Kadugli, Sudan. The new moon phase occurs when the moon is between Earth and the sun, and it appears as a thin crescent. As the moon moves in its orbit, it gradually becomes more illuminated, leading to the first quarter phase. During the full moon phase, the entire face of the moon is visible, and it is often the brightest and most noticeable time to observe the moon. After the full moon, the illumination gradually decreases, progressing through the third quarter phase and eventually returning to the new moon phase. The moon’s phases affect its visibility and appearance, and they can be observed throughout the year from Kadugli, Sudan.

Average Humidity Levels

Kadugli, Sudan, experiences distinct humidity patterns throughout the year. During the dry season, which spans from October to March, humidity levels are generally low, ranging between 25% and 45%. This is due to the lack of precipitation and the dominance of dry desert winds. As a result, the atmosphere feels relatively dry and comfortable, with occasional drops in humidity at night.

Seasonal Variations

During the rainy season, which extends from April to September, humidity levels increase significantly. This is due to the influx of moisture from the Indian Ocean and the frequent rainfall. Humidity can reach up to 80% during this period, creating a more humid and muggy atmosphere. The high humidity levels can make it uncomfortable for outdoor activities, as sweat does not evaporate as easily. However, the humidity also provides relief from the scorching heat, especially during the hottest months of June and July.

Wind Speed and Direction

Kadugli experiences a distinct seasonal pattern in wind speed and direction. During the dry season (November to April), the prevailing winds are from the northeast, with average speeds ranging from 10 to 15 knots (18.5 to 27.8 kilometers per hour). These northeasterly winds are associated with the dry, dusty winds known as the “haboob,” which can bring reduced visibility and dusty conditions.

In contrast, during the rainy season (May to October), the wind direction shifts to the southwest, bringing moist air from the Congo Basin. During this period, wind speeds tend to be lower, averaging around 5 to 10 knots (9.3 to 18.5 kilometers per hour). The southwesterly winds are associated with increased cloud cover and higher humidity levels.

Seasonal Variability

The wind in Kadugli exhibits significant seasonal variability. During the dry season, the winds are predominantly from the northeast, with little variation in direction. Wind speeds are generally higher during this period, contributing to the formation of the haboob. In contrast, during the rainy season, the winds are more variable in direction and speed. Southwesterly winds are more frequent, bringing moisture and precipitation from the Congo Basin. Wind speeds are typically lower during this period, with occasional strong gusts associated with thunderstorms.

Best Time to Visit Kadugli, Sudan

Kadugli, the capital of South Kordofan state in Sudan, offers a unique blend of natural beauty and cultural heritage. To fully experience its charms, the best time to visit Kadugli is during the dry season, which runs from October to April. During this period, the skies are clear, temperatures are moderate, and rainfall is scarce. The humidity levels are also lower, making it comfortable to explore the city and its surroundings.

The dry season provides ideal conditions for outdoor activities such as hiking, safaris, and birdwatching. The surrounding Nuba Mountains offer stunning scenery and are home to diverse wildlife, including elephants, lions, and antelopes. Visitors can also enjoy guided tours of the historical sites in and around Kadugli, such as the ruins of the old city and the Kadugli National Museum. The vibrant local markets are a great place to experience the local culture and purchase traditional handicrafts.

Potential and Challenges

Kadugli, Sudan holds significant potential for solar energy utilization. The city receives abundant sunshine throughout the year, with average daily solar radiation levels exceeding 6 kWh/m². This makes it an ideal location for the deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, Kadugli faces challenges such as high upfront investment costs, limited access to financing, and technical expertise for solar PV installations.

Current Development and Future Prospects

Despite these challenges, there has been growing interest in solar energy in Kadugli. Small-scale solar PV systems are being installed in homes and businesses to provide electricity for lighting, charging devices, and other basic needs. The government has also set ambitious targets for renewable energy development, including a significant share for solar PV. With increasing awareness of the benefits of solar energy and ongoing efforts to address the challenges, Kadugli is expected to witness significant growth in its solar energy sector in the coming years.

Terrain

Kadugli is situated in the vast and rugged terrain of South Kordofan, Sudan. The landscape is characterized by rolling hills, mountainous outcrops, and sprawling plains. The topography gradually slopes upward from the west to the east, with the highest elevations found in the eastern portion of the region. The terrain also features numerous valleys, depressions, and plateaus, which create a diverse and complex geological landscape. The rock formations in the area are predominantly granitic, with some sandstone and limestone deposits. The rugged terrain presents challenges for transportation and infrastructure development, but it also offers scenic vistas and opportunities for outdoor recreation.

Water Resources

Kadugli is located near the confluence of the Bahr al-Arab and Bahr al-Ghazal rivers, which meet to form the White Nile. The area is also dotted with numerous seasonal and permanent water bodies, including lakes, ponds, and swamps. The presence of these water sources has been crucial for the development of agriculture and livestock grazing in the region. However, the area is prone to flooding during the rainy season, which can cause damage to crops, infrastructure, and livelihoods. The management of water resources is a key concern for the local communities and the government, as it is essential for ensuring food security, sanitation, and economic development.

Kadugli Airport

Kadugli Airport (IATA: KDX) is a domestic airport serving the city of Kadugli, the capital of South Kordofan state in Sudan. It is located about 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) north-northeast of the city center. The airport has one asphalt runway with a length of 2,400 meters (7,874 feet). It is primarily used for domestic flights to Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, and other major cities in the country. There are currently no scheduled international flights to or from Kadugli Airport.

Alternative Airports

If you are traveling to Kadugli from outside of Sudan, you will likely need to fly into one of the larger airports in the country, such as Khartoum International Airport (KRT) or Port Sudan New International Airport (PZU). From there, you can take a connecting flight to Kadugli Airport. Another option is to fly into Juba International Airport (JUB) in South Sudan and then take a bus or car to Kadugli. However, this option is not recommended due to the ongoing conflict in South Sudan.

History and Significance

Kadugli, the capital of South Kordofan state in Sudan, has played a significant role in the country’s history and culture. Established in the 19th century, Kadugli became a major center for trade and administration in the region. Its strategic location at the crossroads of ancient trade routes facilitated the exchange of goods and ideas. Kadugli witnessed several historical events, including the Mahdist uprising in the late 19th century, which left a lasting impact on the city and its surroundings.

Contemporary Kadugli

Today, Kadugli is a vibrant and bustling city with a diverse population. It is the administrative hub of South Kordofan state and a major economic center in the region. Kadugli is known for its agricultural production, particularly cotton and sesame, which are cultivated in the surrounding areas. The city is also home to several universities and higher education institutions, contributing to the intellectual and cultural landscape of Sudan. Kadugli has faced challenges in recent years, including the impact of armed conflict in the region. However, it remains a resilient city with a rich cultural heritage and a promising future.