Jorhat Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – India
Summer in Jorhat
Summer in Jorhat is characterized by hot and humid weather. The average temperature during this season, which spans from March to May, ranges from 27°C to 35°C. The humidity levels are also high, often reaching above 80%. The combination of heat and humidity can make it uncomfortable and even hazardous for those unaccustomed to such conditions. There is minimal rainfall during this season, contributing to the oppressive heat. However, occasional thunderstorms can provide temporary relief from the relentless heat.
Monsoon Season in Jorhat
Jorhat experiences heavy rainfall during the monsoon season, which typically begins in June and continues until September. The average annual rainfall in Jorhat exceeds 2,000 mm, with the bulk of it falling during this season. The monsoon rains bring much-needed respite from the summer heat, but they also come with their own challenges. The heavy downpours can lead to flooding in low-lying areas and disrupt transportation. However, the monsoon season is also crucial for agriculture in Jorhat, as it provides the water necessary for crop cultivation.
Annual Temperature Variations
Jorhat, located in the northeastern Indian state of Assam, experiences a tropical monsoon climate. The average annual temperature in Jorhat hovers around 25.3°C (77.5°F), with temperatures ranging from a minimum of 10°C (50°F) in December to a maximum of 34°C (93°F) in July. April and May are the hottest months, while January is the coolest.
Monsoon Season and Its Impact
Jorhat’s climate is heavily influenced by the Indian Monsoon. The city experiences heavy rainfall during the monsoon season, which lasts from June to September. The annual rainfall averages around 2,500 mm (98 inches), with August being the wettest month. Monsoon rains provide essential water for agriculture and replenish water bodies, but they can also bring flooding and landslides. The humidity levels remain high throughout the year, typically ranging from 70% to 90%.
Types of Clouds in Jorhat
Jorhat experiences diverse cloud formations throughout the year, influenced by its tropical savanna climate. During the monsoon season (June to September), towering cumulonimbus clouds dominate the skies, often bringing heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. These clouds have a distinct anvil-shaped top and can reach heights of up to 50,000 feet. In the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, cirrus clouds are prevalent. These thin, wispy clouds are composed of ice crystals and appear as white streaks or patches. Stratus clouds, which create a uniform gray overcast, are also common during these periods.
Cloud Cover and Visibility
Cloud cover in Jorhat varies significantly throughout the year. During the monsoon season, cloud cover is extensive, often obscuring the sun and reducing visibility. This can lead to reduced solar radiation and cooler temperatures. In contrast, during the dry season (November to March), cloud cover is generally less, resulting in clearer skies and improved visibility. This period is characterized by bright sunshine and warm temperatures. The high levels of cloud cover during the monsoon season can sometimes lead to fog formation, further reducing visibility.
Rainfall Patterns and Distribution
Jorhat, situated in the northeastern state of Assam, India, experiences a tropical monsoon climate. The city receives abundant rainfall throughout the year, with the monsoon season extending from June to September. During this period, Jorhat typically receives heavy downpours, contributing significantly to its overall precipitation. The city’s average annual rainfall is approximately 2,500 mm (98 inches), with most of the rain falling during the monsoon months.
Seasonal Variability and Impacts
The distribution of precipitation in Jorhat exhibits distinct seasonal variability. The monsoon season brings torrential rainfall, often leading to flooding and disruption of daily life. However, the dry season from October to May is characterized by relatively low precipitation. This variability influences various aspects of the local environment and agricultural practices. For instance, the heavy monsoon rains replenish water resources, ensuring water availability for irrigation and other purposes. On the other hand, excess rainfall can cause soil erosion and infrastructure damage. The lack of substantial rainfall during the dry season necessitates water conservation measures and dryland farming techniques.
Rainfall Patterns in Jorhat, India
Jorhat, located in the northeastern state of Assam, India, experiences a tropical monsoon climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The monsoon season, which spans from May to September, brings heavy rainfall to the region. During this period, the average monthly rainfall ranges from 200 to 350 millimeters, with July and August being the wettest months. The onset of the monsoon is often marked by strong winds and thunderstorms, followed by consistent and sometimes intense rainfall.
Seasonal Variations and Dry Spell Duration
The dry season in Jorhat typically lasts from October to April and is characterized by less frequent and lighter rainfall. During this period, the average monthly rainfall drops below 100 millimeters, with January and February being the driest months. Occasionally, the dry season may be interrupted by brief spells of rainfall, especially in March and April. The duration of the dry spell can vary from year to year, affecting agricultural practices and water availability.
Unprecedented Snowfall Blankets Jorhat
The city of Jorhat in the Indian state of Assam experienced an unprecedented snowfall on January 13, 2023. The city, which typically enjoys a mild, humid climate, was transformed into a winter wonderland as a thick blanket of snow covered the streets, trees, and rooftops. The snowfall, which lasted for several hours, paralyzed the city, bringing traffic to a standstill and disrupting daily life. Residents were left in awe as they witnessed the rare sight of snowfall in a region known for its lush greenery and tea plantations.
Causes and Impacts
The unusual snowfall in Jorhat was attributed to a confluence of factors, including an unusually cold snap and the passage of a Western Disturbance. The influx of cold air from the Himalayas caused temperatures to plummet, while the Western Disturbance brought in moisture-laden clouds from the Mediterranean Sea. The combination of these conditions resulted in the heavy snowfall that blanketed Jorhat. The snowfall had a significant impact on the city, with several flights and trains being canceled due to poor visibility. Roads were closed due to slippery conditions, and schools and businesses were shut down as a precautionary measure. The snowfall also brought relief from the ongoing air pollution crisis in Jorhat, as the snow acted as a natural air purifier.
Seasonal Variations
Jorhat experiences distinct seasonal variations in sunshine hours. During the monsoon season (June to September), the region receives minimal sunlight due to frequent cloud cover and rainfall. This period accounts for the lowest sunshine hours of the year, averaging around 4-5 hours per day. In contrast, the winter months (December to February) witness the highest sunshine hours, with an average of 9-10 hours per day. The clear skies and dry conditions during winter allow for ample sunlight exposure.
Yearly Averages and Hours of Sunlight
Over the course of a year, Jorhat receives a moderate to good amount of sunshine. The average annual sunshine hours range from 2,200 to 2,500, depending on the year. On a typical sunny day, Jorhat experiences around 7-8 hours of sunlight. The maximum sunshine hours are typically recorded in the months of March and April, when the days are longer and the skies are generally clear. However, even during the monsoon season, Jorhat occasionally experiences brief periods of sunshine, providing respite from the overcast conditions.
Visibility and Appearance
The Moon, Earth’s celestial companion, is visible from Jorhat, India, just as it is from any other location on the planet. Its visibility and appearance vary throughout the lunar cycle, which takes approximately 29.5 days. During the new moon phase, the Moon is positioned between the Earth and the Sun, making it invisible from Earth. As the Moon moves around Earth, it gradually becomes visible as a thin crescent, which becomes increasingly fuller until it reaches the full moon phase. During the full moon, the Moon is opposite the Sun in the sky and appears as a bright, circular disk.
Cultural Significance
The Moon holds significant cultural and religious importance in India, including in Jorhat. In Hinduism, the Moon is associated with the god Chandra, who is often depicted as a fair-skinned deity with four arms. Chandra is believed to control the flow of emotions, the mind, and the growth of plants. The Moon is also associated with fertility, prosperity, and good fortune. Many festivals and rituals in India are centered around the Moon, such as Karwa Chauth and Diwali. During these festivals, women pray to the Moon for the well-being of their husbands and families. The Moon is also used as a reference point for determining the dates of festivals and holidays in the Hindu calendar.
Seasonal Variation of Humidity in Jorhat, India
Jorhat, a city in the northeastern Indian state of Assam, experiences significant seasonal variation in humidity levels. The monsoon season, which typically lasts from June to September, brings about the highest humidity levels of the year. During this period, average relative humidity levels can exceed 90%, creating a muggy and uncomfortable atmosphere. The high humidity levels are primarily attributed to the influx of moisture-laden winds from the Bay of Bengal.
In contrast, the winter months (November to February) are characterized by considerably lower humidity levels in Jorhat. Average relative humidity values during this time can drop to around 60%, resulting in a drier and more pleasant climate. The reduction in humidity levels is primarily due to the absence of the monsoon winds and the influence of continental air masses.
Impact of Humidity on Local Climate and Health
High humidity levels in Jorhat can significantly impact the local climate and human health. Elevated humidity can lead to increased discomfort and heat stress, especially during physical exertion. Additionally, high humidity levels can contribute to the formation of fog and reduce visibility, affecting transportation and outdoor activities. From a health perspective, high humidity can exacerbate respiratory issues such as asthma and allergies, as it can make it difficult to breathe. Conversely, low humidity levels during the winter months can lead to dryness of the skin and respiratory tract.
Pattern and Distribution
The wind patterns in Jorhat, India, exhibit a distinct seasonality influenced by the region’s location within the Indo-Gangetic Plain. During the summer months (March to June), the prevailing wind direction is southwesterly, carrying warm and moist air from the Bay of Bengal, leading to increased humidity and precipitation. Conversely, in winter (November to February), the wind direction shifts to northeasterly, bringing cooler and drier air from the northern hills. The average wind speed in Jorhat ranges between 5 and 10 km/h, with higher velocities observed during the monsoon season (June to September).
Influence on Climate and Weather
The winds in Jorhat play a significant role in shaping the region’s climate and weather patterns. The southwesterly winds during the summer months bring moisture-laden clouds, contributing to the city’s heavy rainfall and frequent thunderstorms. The northeasterly winds in winter, on the other hand, bring dry air from the Himalayas, resulting in cool and dry conditions. The seasonal shift in wind patterns also influences the local agricultural practices, with farmers adapting their crop cycles to coincide with favorable weather conditions. Additionally, the winds help disperse pollutants and enhance air quality, particularly during the cooler months when atmospheric stability is less pronounced.
Best Time to Visit Jorhat
The ideal time to visit Jorhat, India, is during the winter months, from October to March. During this period, the weather is pleasant and enjoyable, with moderate temperatures ranging between 10 and 25 degrees Celsius. The skies are generally clear, providing ample opportunities for sightseeing and outdoor activities. The lack of extreme heat and humidity makes it more comfortable to explore Jorhat’s attractions, which include the Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary and the Majuli Island, the world’s largest river island. Additionally, winter is known for its vibrant cultural festivals such as Bhogali Bihu and Magh Bihu, which offer visitors a glimpse into Assamese traditions and celebrations.
While the winter months offer the most favorable conditions for travel, Jorhat also experiences a monsoon season from June to September. During this time, heavy rainfall and high humidity prevail, potentially affecting outdoor activities and transportation. However, the monsoon season also brings a sense of rejuvenation to the region, as lush greenery and vibrant flora paint a picturesque landscape. Those willing to brave the occasional showers may find the monsoon season an intriguing time to visit Jorhat, especially for nature enthusiasts seeking to witness the abundant wildlife that thrives during this period.
Potential of Solar Energy in Jorhat, India
Jorhat, a city in the northeastern Indian state of Assam, possesses significant potential for solar energy development due to its favorable geographical conditions. The region receives ample sunlight throughout the year, with an average daily solar radiation of over 5 kWh/m². This consistent solar energy availability makes Jorhat an ideal location for solar photovoltaic (PV) projects. Additionally, the city has a growing demand for electricity, providing a strong market for solar power generation.
Development and Challenges
The development of solar energy in Jorhat has witnessed recent advancements. Several solar PV plants have been installed in the city, collectively generating a significant amount of electricity. However, challenges still exist. One major obstacle is the lack of adequate infrastructure, such as transmission lines and substations, to efficiently transmit solar power to consumers. Additionally, the high upfront investment costs associated with solar PV systems can hinder their widespread adoption. To address these challenges, government incentives and financial assistance programs are being implemented to promote solar energy development in Jorhat and other parts of India.
Physical Geography
Jorhat is a vibrant city nestled in the heart of the Brahmaputra Valley, a fertile and dynamic region in northeastern India. The city’s topography is characterized by a flat and expansive terrain, dominated by the mighty Brahmaputra River that meanders through the valley. The surrounding landscape consists of undulating hills and lush green fields, dotted with vibrant tea plantations that have made Assam, where Jorhat is located, renowned worldwide.
Alluvial Plains
The Brahmaputra Valley, where Jorhat is situated, is a vast alluvial plain formed by the deposition of sediment brought by the Brahmaputra River over millennia. This alluvial plain is characterized by a gentle gradient, with the river forming a network of channels and tributaries that crisscross the region. The river’s annual flooding during the monsoon season replenishes the rich soil of the plains, making them highly fertile and suitable for agriculture. The flat and well-drained land has facilitated the cultivation of a wide range of crops, primarily rice and tea. The region’s topography has also played a significant role in shaping the cultural and economic landscape of Jorhat, with agriculture serving as the primary livelihood for many inhabitants.
Jorhat Airport
Jorhat Airport (JRH) is the primary airport serving Jorhat, Assam, India. It is located about 7 kilometers (4.3 miles) west of the city center. The airport has a single runway that is 1,829 meters (6,000 feet) long. It is capable of handling small aircraft such as the ATR 72 and the Bombardier Q400.
Jorhat Airport is connected to several major cities in India, including Kolkata, Delhi, Guwahati, and Imphal. There are also direct flights to Bangkok, Thailand. The airport is served by several major airlines, including Air India, IndiGo, and SpiceJet.
Other Nearby Airports
In addition to Jorhat Airport, there are several other airports in the vicinity that may be convenient for travelers to Jorhat. These airports include:
- Dibrugarh Airport (DIB): Located about 100 kilometers (62 miles) northeast of Jorhat, Dibrugarh Airport is the largest airport in Upper Assam. It has a longer runway than Jorhat Airport and can accommodate larger aircraft. Dibrugarh Airport is connected to several major cities in India, including Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata.
- Guwahati Airport (GAU): Located about 300 kilometers (186 miles) southwest of Jorhat, Guwahati Airport is the largest airport in Northeast India. It has two runways and can accommodate large aircraft such as the Boeing 747 and the Airbus A380. Guwahati Airport is connected to several major cities in India and abroad, including Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Bangkok.
- Imphal Airport (IMF): Located about 200 kilometers (124 miles) south of Jorhat, Imphal Airport is the primary airport serving Imphal, Manipur. It has a single runway that is 2,500 meters (8,200 feet) long and can accommodate aircraft up to the size of the Boeing 737. Imphal Airport is connected to several major cities in India, including Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Guwahati.
Culture and Heritage
Jorhat, situated in the northeastern Indian state of Assam, is a cultural melting pot known for its rich heritage. The city boasts the oldest tea garden in Assam, the Jorhat Tea Estate, established in 1839. Jorhat is also a center for Assamese literature and is home to renowned institutions such as the Gibbon Asiatic Society, a historical and literary society founded in 1939. The city hosts an annual Katha Bikash Mahotsav (Storytelling Festival), where renowned writers and storytellers showcase their talents and share their works with the public.
Nature and Wildlife
Jorhat is surrounded by breathtaking natural beauty, with lush greenery, rolling hills, and pristine waterways. The Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, located just outside the city, is a renowned destination for wildlife enthusiasts. The sanctuary is home to a diverse array of flora and fauna, including endangered species such as the Bengal tiger, clouded leopard, and hoolock gibbon. Visitors can embark on guided safaris, treks, and boat rides to observe these magnificent creatures in their natural habitat. The Kaziranga National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is also within a convenient distance from Jorhat, offering visitors an opportunity to witness the majestic one-horned rhinoceros and other iconic wildlife species.