Jiroft Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Iran

Summer (June – September)

Summer is a hot and dry season in Jiroft. The average temperature ranges from 35°C (95°F) to 45°C (113°F), and the humidity is low. Rainfall is scarce, occurring only occasionally during the monsoon season in July and August. The sun intensity is strong, and heatstroke and dehydration can be a concern. Outdoor activities are best avoided during the hottest hours of the day.

Winter (December – February)

Winter is mild in Jiroft, with average temperatures ranging from 10°C (50°F) to 18°C (64°F). Rainfall is more frequent, but still relatively low compared to other seasons. Occasional frosts may occur at night, but the days are generally sunny. Warm clothing is recommended for evenings and early mornings, as the temperature can drop significantly.

Average Monthly Temperatures

Jiroft experiences hot summers and mild winters. The average temperature throughout the year ranges from 10.4°C (50.7°F) in January to 38.9°C (102°F) in July. During the summer months, temperatures can reach up to 45°C (113°F). The spring and fall months offer comfortable temperatures, with averages ranging from 16°C to 27°C (61°F to 81°F). In winter, temperatures can drop below freezing, especially at night, averaging around 10°C (50°F).

Temperature Extremes

Jiroft has recorded extreme temperatures in both summer and winter. The highest temperature ever recorded in Jiroft was 51°C (124°F) in July 2009, while the lowest temperature ever recorded was -10°C (14°F) in January 1972. These extreme temperatures are rare, but they highlight the wide range of temperatures that Jiroft can experience at different times of the year. It’s important to note that these extremes are not the norm and that the average temperatures provide a more accurate representation of the climate in Jiroft.

Precipitation in Jiroft, Iran

Precipitation in Jiroft, Iran, is primarily influenced by two main factors: the influx of moisture from the Indian Ocean and the presence of the Zagros Mountains. The city experiences a semi-arid climate with hot, dry summers and mild, humid winters. During the summer months, moisture from the Indian Ocean is carried towards Jiroft by the southwest monsoon winds. This moisture often condenses to form clouds and precipitation, resulting in occasional rainfall during the summer. However, the amount of precipitation during this season is generally low, and Jiroft experiences prolonged periods of drought during the summer months.

In contrast, winter precipitation in Jiroft is much more significant. The presence of the Zagros Mountains to the west of the city plays a crucial role in enhancing precipitation during this season. As moisture-laden air from the Indian Ocean encounters the Zagros Mountains, it is forced to rise and cool, leading to the formation of clouds and precipitation. This process results in heavy rainfall and snowfall during the winter months, which accounts for a substantial portion of Jiroft’s annual precipitation. The combination of summer monsoonal rainfall and winter precipitation from the Zagros Mountains creates a unique precipitation pattern in Jiroft, characterized by a relatively dry summer and a humid winter with abundant precipitation.

Monthly Precipitation

Jiroft, Iran, experiences a desert climate with low annual precipitation. The city receives an average of 5.91 inches (150 mm) of rainfall per year, which is distributed unevenly throughout the year. The wettest months are January and February, when an average of 1.22 inches (31 mm) of rain falls. The driest months are June and July, when no rain is typically recorded.

Seasonal Precipitation

The precipitation pattern in Jiroft is influenced by the city’s location in the rain shadow of the Zagros Mountains. These mountains block moisture-laden clouds from reaching the city, resulting in low levels of precipitation. In the winter, when the jet stream is positioned over the Zagros Mountains, Jiroft can experience some rainfall from moisture carried by westerlies. However, in the summer, when the jet stream shifts northward, the city is deprived of rain, leading to a prolonged dry season.

Rainfall Patterns in Jiroft, Iran

Jiroft is located in southeastern Iran, a region known for its arid climate. Rainfall in Jiroft exhibits a distinct pattern characterized by significant seasonal variations. During the winter months (December to March), the city experiences its wettest period, with average monthly rainfall ranging from 50 to 100 millimeters. This rainfall is primarily associated with the passage of Mediterranean cyclones and westerly disturbances.

In contrast, the summer months (June to September) are typically dry, with average monthly rainfall below 10 millimeters. This period coincides with the establishment of the subtropical high-pressure system over the region, which suppresses convective activity and rainfall. As a result, Jiroft experiences an annual rainfall of approximately 250 millimeters, which is significantly lower than the national average for Iran.

Meteorological Conditions Contributing to Snowfall

In Jiroft, Iran, the rare meteorological conditions required for snowfall have converged. The city experiences an arid climate characterized by low precipitation and high temperatures year-round. However, during the winter months, a shift in weather patterns can lead to the formation of snowfall. When cold fronts from the north meet warm, moist air from the Persian Gulf, they create a conducive environment for snow formation. Additionally, high-altitude mountains surrounding Jiroft contribute to the cooling of air masses and further increase the likelihood of snowfall.

Impacts of Snowfall on Jiroft

While snowfall is an uncommon occurrence in Jiroft, its occurrence can have significant impacts on the city. The sudden accumulation of snow on roads can disrupt transportation, leading to traffic congestion and potential accidents. The weight of snow on buildings can pose structural risks, particularly to older structures. Additionally, the freezing temperatures associated with snowfall can cause damage to crops and infrastructure. However, snowfall can also bring benefits, providing scenic views for residents and enhancing the natural beauty of the surrounding landscape. It can also replenish water sources through snowmelt, contributing to agricultural and municipal water supplies.

Sun in Jiroft, Iran

Jiroft is located in the southeast of Iran and experiences a hot desert climate, characterized by long, hot summers and short, mild winters. The sun is a dominant force in Jiroft, with high levels of solar radiation throughout the year. During the summer months, temperatures can reach up to 50 degrees Celsius (122 degrees Fahrenheit), with little to no rainfall. The high temperatures and intense sunlight can make outdoor activities challenging during the day.

However, the sun also plays a vital role in the local economy. Jiroft is known for its agricultural production, particularly dates, which thrive in the hot, dry climate. The abundant sunshine provides the necessary conditions for date palms to grow and produce high-quality fruit. Additionally, the sun’s energy is increasingly being utilized for solar power generation. Jiroft has a high potential for solar energy development, and several solar power plants have been established in the area to harness the abundant sunlight.

Discovery and Significance

In 2001, during an archaeological excavation in the ancient city of Jiroft, located in southeastern Iran, archaeologists stumbled upon a remarkable find: a small, cylindrical piece of stone carved with the image of a crescent moon. This discovery, known as the “Moon of Jiroft,” has since become an iconic symbol of Iranian archaeology and history. The artifact, believed to date back to the 4th millennium BCE, is considered one of the earliest known representations of the moon in the world. It provides invaluable insights into the ancient beliefs, astronomy, and artistic practices of the Bronze Age civilizations in the region.

Symbolism and Interpretation

The moon has held great cultural and religious significance throughout history. The Moon of Jiroft is no exception. Scholars believe that the crescent moon depicted on the stone may have represented the moon deity or lunar goddess, commonly worshiped in the ancient Near East. The carving’s intricate details, including the crescent shape, the star-like motifs, and the three-dimensional rendering, suggest that it was a highly valued and ceremonial object. Its discovery within a large settlement with advanced architecture and artifacts indicate the existence of a sophisticated society with a rich cultural and symbolic tradition. The Moon of Jiroft has become an important symbol of Iran’s ancient heritage and cultural depth.

Seasonal Humidity Variations

Jiroft, located in Iran’s southeastern Kerman Province, experiences significant seasonal variations in humidity levels. During the hot and dry summer months, humidity levels typically range between 20% and 35%. These low humidity levels are a result of the region’s arid climate, characterized by minimal rainfall and intense evaporation. However, as autumn approaches, humidity levels gradually increase, reaching a peak during the winter months. During this time, humidity levels often hover between 60% and 75%, influenced by increased rainfall and lower temperatures.

Impact on Health and Environment

The fluctuating humidity levels in Jiroft have a noticeable impact on the health and well-being of its inhabitants. The extremely low humidity during the summer months can cause skin irritation, dryness of the eyes and throat, and respiratory problems. To mitigate these effects, it is recommended to use humidifiers indoors and stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids. While the increased humidity levels during the winter months can be beneficial for some, it can also exacerbate respiratory issues such as asthma and allergies. Additionally, the high humidity can create favorable conditions for mold and mildew growth, requiring proper ventilation and dehumidification in homes and workplaces.

Climate and Wind Patterns in Jiroft, Iran

Jiroft is situated in southeastern Iran, within the Kerman Province. The city experiences a hot desert climate, characterized by extremely hot summers and mild winters. The mean annual temperature is approximately 23.5°C (74.3°F). In the hottest months (July and August), the average temperature often exceeds 37°C (98.6°F), while the average temperature during the coldest months (December and January) is around 5°C (41°F).

The wind patterns in Jiroft are primarily influenced by the region’s topography and synoptic weather systems. During the summer months, the prevailing wind direction is from the northwest, bringing warm and dry air from the desert regions to the east. This wind pattern is part of a larger weather system known as the Shamal, which brings hot and dusty winds to much of the Middle East. During the winter months, the wind direction shifts to the southwest, bringing cooler and more humid air from the Gulf of Oman. Additionally, Jiroft is known to experience occasional dust storms, particularly during the spring and summer months, originating from the surrounding desert areas.

Spring (March-May)

Spring is an ideal time to visit Jiroft, Iran, as the weather is pleasant and the landscapes are at their most vibrant. The average temperature ranges between 15-25°C (59-77°F), with occasional showers that refresh the air and nourish the vegetation. This season, the city comes alive with blooming almond and pistachio trees, transforming the surrounding countryside into a sea of pink and green. Visitors can enjoy outdoor activities such as hiking, biking, and birdwatching, while also exploring the ancient archaeological sites that have made Jiroft famous.

Autumn (September-November)

Autumn is another excellent time to visit Jiroft, offering a delightful blend of mild temperatures and stunning autumn foliage. The average temperature during these months ranges from 10-20°C (50-68°F), providing comfortable conditions for sightseeing and outdoor activities. The landscapes are adorned with vibrant hues of gold, orange, and red as the leaves of deciduous trees prepare for winter. During this season, visitors can witness the local farmers harvesting their crops, a traditional spectacle that has been passed down through generations. Autumn is also an ideal time for stargazing, as the nights are clear and the skies are free of pollution.

Potential for Solar Energy in Jiroft

Jiroft, located in the Kerman province of Iran, boasts exceptional solar resources due to its high sunshine hours and clear skies. The city receives an average of 300 sunny days per year, with a solar radiation intensity of approximately 5.4 kWh/m²/day. This makes Jiroft an ideal location for harnessing solar energy and generating electricity.

Current Solar Infrastructure and Installations

Despite its abundant solar resources, the deployment of solar energy in Jiroft is still in its early stages. However, the city has commenced efforts to tap into its solar potential. In 2018, a 10 MW solar power plant was commissioned near the city, becoming the first large-scale solar installation in the region. The power plant generates enough electricity to power approximately 5,000 homes and significantly reduces carbon emissions. Additionally, several smaller-scale solar systems have been installed on homes and businesses, demonstrating the growing interest in decentralized solar energy solutions.

Geographic Location and Landscape

Jiroft, located in southeastern Iran, lies at the confluence of the Halil and Shur Rivers. The city is situated in the Jiroft Plain, an extensive, fertile lowland bounded by the Kuh-e-Hazaran and Zagros Mountains. The surrounding landscape is characterized by gently rolling hills and numerous watercourses that create a tapestry of agriculture and natural habitats. The area is renowned for its rich archaeological heritage, with excavations revealing an ancient civilization that flourished thousands of years ago.

Geologic Formation and Climate

The topography of Jiroft is shaped by complex geological processes. The Jiroft Plain is part of the Lut Block, a tectonic block that separated from the Arabian Plate and then collided with the Eurasian Plate. This collision resulted in the folding and faulting of the Earth’s crust, creating the mountains and lowlands in the region. The climate of Jiroft is hot and arid, with average temperatures ranging from 25°C to 30°C. The average annual precipitation is low, contributing to the arid environment and sparse vegetation in the surrounding landscape.

Jiroft Airport (JIR)

Jiroft Airport (JIR), located 6 kilometers west of the city of Jiroft, is the closest airport serving the city and the surrounding region. The airport was established in 2001 and serves as a hub for domestic flights within Iran. It is the only airport in the city and is managed by the Airports Company of Iran. The airport has a single runway, designated as 14/32, and has a length of 2,750 meters. Jiroft Airport is equipped to handle small aircraft and has limited ground facilities. It is primarily used by domestic airlines, including Iran Air, Mahan Air, and Qeshm Air, offering flights to major cities such as Tehran (THR), Mashhad (MHD), and Isfahan (IFN).

Other Nearby Airports

In addition to Jiroft Airport, there are several other airports located within a reasonable distance of the city:

• Kerman Airport (KER): Located approximately 160 kilometers northwest of Jiroft, Kerman Airport is a larger and more modern facility. It offers a wider range of domestic and international flights, and serves as a major hub for the region.
• Bam Airport (BFT): Situated approximately 130 kilometers southeast of Jiroft, Bam Airport is a smaller airport that primarily serves domestic flights. It is used by local airlines and offers connections to cities such as Tehran (THR), Mashhad (MHD), and Isfahan (IFN).

Historical Significance

Jiroft, a city in southeastern Iran, holds immense historical significance as the site of one of the world’s oldest civilizations. Archaeological excavations have uncovered numerous artifacts and structures dating back to the Chalcolithic period (c. 4000-3200 BCE). The Jiroft culture, as it is known, exhibited remarkable advancements in urban planning, metallurgy, and ceramic production. The discovery of thousands of cuneiform tablets, some bearing the Jiroftian script, suggests that the civilization had a complex administrative system and possibly even its own written language.

Archaeological Discoveries

In the 2000s, extensive archaeological excavations at Jiroft revealed a vast urban settlement covering an area of over 200 hectares. The remains include a massive citadel, residential quarters, and a large public bathhouse. The citadel complex, measuring approximately 10 hectares, is a testament to the advanced architectural skills of the Jiroft culture. Within the citadel, archaeologists have unearthed a treasure trove of artifacts, including exquisite gold and silver jewelry, elaborately decorated pottery, and bronze weapons and tools. These discoveries have shed new light on the sophistication and artistic prowess of this ancient civilization, placing Jiroft among the most important archaeological sites in the world.