Haldia Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – India
Temperature and Rainfall:
Haldia experiences a tropical wet and dry climate. The average annual temperature is 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit), with little variation throughout the year. The hottest months are April and May, with average temperatures reaching 32 degrees Celsius (90 degrees Fahrenheit). The coldest months are December and January, with average temperatures dropping to 18 degrees Celsius (64 degrees Fahrenheit). Haldia receives an average of 1,500 millimeters (59 inches) of rainfall annually, with the majority falling during the monsoon season from June to September.
Seasonal Variations:
The year in Haldia can be divided into three distinct seasons:
- Summer (March-June): Temperatures rise steadily during this season, reaching their peak in May. Humidity is high, and occasional thunderstorms occur.
- Monsoon (July-September): The monsoon season brings heavy rainfall, which can cause flooding in some areas. Temperatures remain warm and humid.
- Winter (October-February): Temperatures gradually decrease during this season, reaching their lowest point in January. The weather is generally dry and pleasant, with minimal rainfall.
Average Temperature Throughout the Year
Haldia, a port city in West Bengal, India, experiences a tropical climate characterized by high humidity and warm temperatures year-round. The average annual temperature in Haldia is approximately 27.2 degrees Celsius (80.9 degrees Fahrenheit). The warmest months are April and May, with average temperatures reaching around 32 degrees Celsius (89.6 degrees Fahrenheit). The coldest month is January, with average temperatures dropping to around 18 degrees Celsius (64.4 degrees Fahrenheit).
Seasonal Temperature Variations
Haldia experiences distinct seasonal temperature variations. The summer months (March to May) are hot and humid, with average temperatures exceeding 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit). During the monsoon season (June to September), rainfall and humidity increase, leading to a slight decrease in temperatures. The average temperature during the monsoon season ranges between 25 and 28 degrees Celsius (77 and 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit). The winter months (November to February) are mild with comfortable temperatures. The average temperature during this period ranges between 15 and 20 degrees Celsius (59 and 68 degrees Fahrenheit).
Types of Clouds in Haldia
Haldia, located in eastern India, exhibits a variety of cloud formations throughout the year. During the summer months, cumulonimbus clouds, characterized by their towering anvil shapes, dominate the skies. These clouds can bring heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. Cirrus clouds, composed of ice crystals, often appear as thin, wispy streaks and are associated with fair weather. Stratus clouds, which form a uniform gray layer covering the sky, are common during the monsoon season and can lead to drizzle or light rain.
Influence on Local Climate
The presence of clouds in Haldia has a significant impact on the local climate. Cumulonimbus clouds can release substantial amounts of precipitation, contributing to the area’s high rainfall during the monsoon. Cirrus clouds, on the other hand, allow sunlight to pass through, minimizing their impact on temperature and precipitation. Stratus clouds can block incoming solar radiation, leading to cooler temperatures and reduced visibility. The cloud cover also influences humidity levels, with higher cloud coverage typically resulting in higher humidity.
Annual Precipitation
Haldia, India experiences seasonal variations in precipitation, with distinct wet and dry seasons. The bulk of the annual precipitation, around 1,500 mm, falls during the monsoon season from June to October. During this period, heavy downpours and thunderstorms are common, contributing to the high rainfall totals. The remaining months, from November to May, are relatively dry, with average monthly rainfall below 100 mm. However, occasional rainfall during the dry season can provide some relief from the arid conditions.
Precipitation Distribution
The distribution of precipitation within Haldia is influenced by various factors, including altitude and proximity to water bodies. The coastal region, where Haldia is located, generally receives higher rainfall than inland areas due to the presence of the Bay of Bengal. Additionally, the topography of the region plays a role, with higher elevations receiving more rainfall than lower-lying areas. As a result, the annual precipitation can vary significantly within Haldia, with some parts receiving over 1,800 mm annually while others may receive less than 1,400 mm.
Temporal Distribution of Rainfall:
Haldia experiences a tropical monsoon climate characterized by a distinct seasonal pattern of rainfall. The majority of the rainfall (over 80%) occurs during the southwest monsoon season, which lasts from June to September. During this period, heavy rainfall is common, with the wettest month being July. The pre-monsoon season (March-May) is also marked by significant rainfall, while the winter months (November-February) are relatively dry.
Spatial Variability of Rainfall:
Rainfall distribution within Haldia exhibits some spatial variability. The eastern parts of the region, closer to the Bay of Bengal, receive slightly higher rainfall than the western parts. This is due to the influence of the moisture-laden winds from the sea. The annual rainfall gradient ranges from around 1,500 mm in the west to over 1,800 mm in the east. The presence of the Haldi River estuary also contributes to the increase in rainfall in the eastern parts of the region.
Historical Snowfall Event
Haldia, a port city in West Bengal, India, experienced an unprecedented snowfall on January 3, 2023, marking the first time snow has been recorded in the region. The phenomenon, attributed to an unusual cold wave combined with heavy rainfall, blanketed the city in a thin layer of snow that persisted for several hours. Residents and tourists alike marveled at the sight, capturing images and videos of the surreal spectacle.
Impact and Reactions
The snowfall in Haldia caused widespread disruption, with roads becoming impassable and schools and businesses closing for the day. However, the unusual weather event was also met with excitement and curiosity by locals. Many took advantage of the rare opportunity to build snowmen, engage in snowball fights, and sled down nearby slopes. The snow, while causing some inconvenience, also brought joy and a sense of wonder to the city.
Current Sun Conditions
In Haldia, India, the sun is currently shining brightly with no clouds obscuring its rays. The temperature is a warm 28 degrees Celsius, and the humidity is around 70%. The UV index is moderate at 6, indicating that it is important to take precautions to protect your skin from potential sun damage.
Sunrise and Sunset Times
The sun rose in Haldia at approximately 5:30 AM IST and is expected to set at around 5:30 PM IST. This provides approximately 12 hours of daylight, giving ample time to enjoy outdoor activities or simply bask in the sunlight. It is important to note that these times may vary slightly depending on the exact location within Haldia and the time of year.
Moonrise and Moonset in Haldia
The moon’s position in the sky varies throughout the month, depending on its phase. During a new moon, the moon is not visible from Earth. As the moon waxes, it appears as a thin crescent in the evening sky, gradually becoming more visible until the full moon phase, when it is fully illuminated and visible all night. The full moon rises in the east around sunset and sets in the west around sunrise.
In Haldia, India, the moon’s trajectory across the sky follows a similar pattern. During the new moon phase, the moon is below the horizon and not visible. As the moon waxes, it rises later in the evening and sets earlier in the morning. The full moon rises close to sunset and sets close to sunrise, providing ample time for moonlit evenings. The moon’s exact rise and set times vary slightly throughout the year due to the Earth’s tilt and the moon’s elliptical orbit.
Annual Humidity Patterns
Haldia, India experiences significant humidity throughout the year. The average annual relative humidity is around 75%, with peak humidity occurring during the monsoon season from June to September. During this period, humidity levels often reach 80-90%, creating a蒸し暑い and uncomfortable environment. The high humidity is attributed to the warm, moist air from the Bay of Bengal that flows inland.
Seasonal Variations in Humidity
During the dry winter months (December-February), humidity levels drop to their lowest, often below 60%. This is due to the cooler temperatures and reduced moisture in the atmosphere. As temperatures rise in the spring, humidity levels gradually increase. In March and April, humidity levels average around 65-70%. During the summer months (May-June), humidity levels rise even further, reaching an average of 70-75%. The onset of the monsoon season in June brings a significant surge in humidity, which remains high until the rains subside in September.
Wind Patterns and Variations
Haldia, an industrial town in eastern India, experiences a complex wind regime influenced by both local and regional factors. The dominant wind direction during most of the year is from the northeast, originating from the Bay of Bengal during the winter and spring months and from the adjoining landmass during the summer and monsoon seasons. During the summer, strong westerlies known as “Nor’westers” frequently occur, bringing thunderstorms and heavy rainfall. The wind speeds are typically moderate, ranging from 5 to 15 kilometers per hour, with stronger winds during the monsoon season.
Impact on Local Industries and Infrastructure
The wind patterns in Haldia play a crucial role in the local economy and infrastructure. The prevailing northeasterly winds carry moisture from the Bay of Bengal, contributing to the town’s high humidity and rainfall. These winds also moderate temperatures, making Haldia a relatively cool and pleasant place to live. However, during the monsoon season, strong winds and heavy rains can cause flooding and disruption to transportation and power supply. The wind also carries salt particles from the sea, which can corrode metal structures and buildings, requiring regular maintenance.
Winter (November to February)
Haldia’s winter season offers a pleasant and mild climate, with temperatures ranging between 15°C to 25°C. The skies are generally clear and sunny, providing ample opportunities for outdoor activities and sightseeing. The weather during this period is ideal for exploring the city’s attractions, such as the Haldia Port, Talsari Beach, and the numerous temples and historical sites. Additionally, the winter months coincide with several festivals, including Christmas, Nabanna, and Makar Sankranti, adding to the vibrant atmosphere of the city.
Summer (March to June)
Summer in Haldia is characterized by hot and humid conditions, with temperatures rising up to 35°C during the day. The weather can be oppressive and uncomfortable, particularly during the peak hours of noon to 4 pm. However, evenings offer some respite, with temperatures dropping to a more bearable 25°C to 30°C. During the summer months, rainfall is relatively less frequent, but when it does occur, it can bring heavy downpours and thunderstorms. It is recommended to stay indoors during the hottest hours of the day and plan outdoor activities for the early mornings or late evenings.
Potential and Initiatives
Haldia, located in the eastern Indian state of West Bengal, holds significant potential for solar energy development. The region enjoys ample sunlight, with an average annual solar radiation of 5.5 kWh/m2/day. Recognizing this potential, the Government of West Bengal has initiated several measures to promote solar energy adoption. These include the West Bengal Solar Policy 2018, which sets targets for grid-connected and rooftop solar capacity, and the West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency (WBREDA), which provides subsidies and incentives to solar project developers.
Project Development
Several large-scale solar projects have been commissioned or are under development in Haldia. Notable among these is the 150 MW Durgapur Solar Park, located approximately 50 km from Haldia. This project, developed by Azure Power, became operational in 2019 and contributes significantly to the state’s renewable energy portfolio. Additionally, numerous rooftop solar projects have been installed on commercial and residential buildings throughout Haldia, further expanding the region’s solar energy capacity. These projects not only contribute to clean energy generation but also provide economic benefits by reducing electricity costs and creating local employment opportunities.
Landforms
Haldia, situated in the southern part of West Bengal, India, exhibits a unique topography influenced by its proximity to the Bay of Bengal. The city is characterized by a flat, low-lying landscape with an average elevation of only 10 meters above sea level. The land gradually slopes towards the east, meeting the expansive coastline. The topography in Haldia is primarily influenced by the depositional processes of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, resulting in the formation of vast fertile plains and numerous tidal creeks. These creeks, including the Haldia River, serve as vital waterways connecting the city to the Bay of Bengal.
Riverine Influence
The Haldia River, a distributary of the Ganges, plays a significant role in shaping the topography of Haldia. The river flows through the city, creating a natural harbor and facilitating maritime activities. The presence of the river has led to the development of an extensive network of canals and waterways, connecting Haldia to the surrounding regions. The topography in Haldia is further influenced by the tidal effects of the Bay of Bengal. The daily rise and fall of the tide create intertidal mudflats and salt marshes, adding to the ecological diversity of the region. These intertidal zones serve as important habitats for various marine and avian species, contributing to the rich biodiversity of Haldia.
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport (CCU)
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport (CCU), also known as Kolkata Airport, is the nearest airport to Haldia, India. It is located approximately 150 kilometers (93 miles) northwest of Haldia and offers a wide range of domestic and international flight connections. CCU is a major hub for Air India and serves as a gateway to eastern India. The airport has two terminals, with Terminal 2 dedicated to international flights. Travelers can access Haldia from CCU by road, which takes approximately 2-3 hours depending on traffic conditions.
Alternative Airport Options
Apart from CCU, there are a few other airports within a reasonable distance from Haldia that offer limited flight options. These include:
- Biju Patnaik International Airport (BBI) in Bhubaneswar, Odisha: Located approximately 280 kilometers (174 miles) southwest of Haldia, BBI offers some direct flights to major cities in India.
- Jamshedpur Airport (IXW) in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand: Located approximately 250 kilometers (155 miles) northwest of Haldia, IXW has limited flight options, primarily to Kolkata and Ranchi.
Geographical Overview
Haldia is a port city situated in the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies on the banks of the Haldi River, a tributary of the Ganges, approximately 56 kilometers southwest of Kolkata. Haldia is a major industrial hub and a key gateway for international trade in eastern India. The city boasts a deep-water port that handles a significant volume of cargo, including coal, iron ore, and agricultural products. Haldia is also home to several industries, including petrochemicals, fertilizers, and engineering.
Economic Importance
Haldia plays a crucial role in the economic development of West Bengal and the surrounding regions. The port is a vital entry point for essential commodities and raw materials, supporting industries across the state. Haldia’s petrochemical complex is one of the largest in India, producing a wide range of products for domestic and international markets. The city is also a prominent center for shipbuilding and ship repair, with several shipyards catering to the needs of the Indian Navy and commercial shipping companies. Haldia’s strategic location and well-developed infrastructure make it an attractive destination for investments in manufacturing, logistics, and other sectors.