Habiganj Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Bangladesh

Summer (March-June)

During the summer months, Habiganj experiences hot and humid weather with average temperatures ranging from 25°C (77°F) to 36°C (97°F). The humidity levels are also high, making it feel even hotter. There is significant rainfall during this season, with an average of 150mm (6 inches) of rain per month. Thunderstorms are common, and sometimes accompanied by hail.

Monsoon (July-October)

The monsoon season brings heavy rainfall to Habiganj, with average monthly rainfall exceeding 300mm (12 inches). The humidity levels remain high, but the temperatures are slightly cooler than in the summer, averaging between 23°C (73°F) and 32°C (90°F). Flooding is a frequent occurrence during this season, especially in low-lying areas. The monsoon winds also bring in moist air from the Bay of Bengal, contributing to the heavy rainfall.

Monthly Average Temperature

Habiganj, a city in Bangladesh, experiences significant seasonal variations in temperature throughout the year. The warmest months are April and May, with average temperatures reaching approximately 30°C (86°F). During these months, the heat can be oppressive, particularly during the daytime. The coldest months are January and February, with average temperatures dropping to around 13°C (55°F) at night. The winter months can be chilly, and occasional cold fronts can bring temperatures even lower.

Annual Temperature Range

The annual temperature range in Habiganj is relatively wide, with a difference of approximately 17°C (30°F) between the coldest and warmest months. The average maximum temperature throughout the year is around 32°C (90°F), while the average minimum temperature is about 15°C (59°F). The diurnal temperature range, or the difference between the daily high and low temperatures, is generally smaller during the summer months and larger during the winter months.

Cloud Formation in Habiganj, Bangladesh

The formation of clouds in Habiganj, located in northeastern Bangladesh, is primarily influenced by its humid subtropical climate, characterized by distinct monsoon seasons. During the summer monsoon (May-October), warm and moist air from the Bay of Bengal rises rapidly, leading to the formation of cumulonimbus clouds. These towering clouds bring heavy rainfall and frequent thunderstorms. In the winter monsoon (November-April), cold and dry air from the north descends, suppressing cloud formation and resulting in a drier season with fewer clouds.

Types of Clouds Observed in Habiganj

Habiganj experiences a wide range of cloud types throughout the year. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy appearance, are common during fair weather conditions. Stratus clouds, forming a uniform gray layer, often cover the sky during periods of drizzle or light rain. Cumulonimbus clouds, associated with thunderstorms, are most prevalent during the monsoon season. Cirrus clouds, composed of ice crystals, appear as wispy, high-altitude formations. The presence of different cloud types provides valuable information on weather conditions, precipitation patterns, and atmospheric stability in Habiganj and the surrounding region.

Annual Precipitation Pattern

Habiganj experiences seasonal rainfall patterns influenced by the monsoon climate. The monsoon season, lasting from June to October, brings heavy precipitation. During this period, rainfall can exceed 1500 mm, accounting for over 80% of the annual rainfall. The remaining months witness significantly lower precipitation levels.

Monthly and Daily Variability

Monthly precipitation varies substantially throughout the year. The wettest month is July, with an average rainfall of over 400 mm. January, on the other hand, is the driest month with less than 15 mm of rainfall. Daily precipitation also exhibits significant variability, particularly during the monsoon season. Torrential downpours and intense thunderstorms can produce high daily rainfall amounts, often exceeding 100 mm.

Seasonal Variability

Rainfall in Habiganj, Bangladesh, exhibits distinct seasonal patterns. The monsoon season, from June to September, accounts for over 80% of the annual precipitation, with July and August being the wettest months. During this period, heavy downpours often lead to flooding, particularly in low-lying areas. In contrast, the winter months (December to February) are relatively dry, with limited rainfall. The pre-monsoon (March to May) and post-monsoon (October to November) seasons receive moderate precipitation, providing a transition between the extreme wet and dry periods.

Long-Term Trends

Long-term rainfall data for Habiganj suggests a gradual increase in annual precipitation over the past few decades. This trend is consistent with observations of increasing rainfall intensity and frequency across Bangladesh. Climate change is a likely contributing factor, as rising global temperatures lead to enhanced evaporation and atmospheric moisture, resulting in more frequent and intense rainfall events. The increasing rainfall has implications for water resources, agriculture, and flood management strategies in the region.

Causes of Snowfall

The snowfall in Habiganj, Bangladesh, was an unusual meteorological event attributed to several factors. Firstly, a strong cold front from the Himalayas moved into the region, causing temperatures to plummet. Simultaneously, a low-pressure system over the Bay of Bengal brought in humid air, creating favorable conditions for cloud formation. As the cold front collided with the warm, moist air, it forced the air to rise, resulting in the formation of clouds and subsequent snowfall.

Impacts of Snowfall

The snowfall had a profound impact on Habiganj and its surroundings. The thick blanket of snow disrupted daily life, causing transportation delays and power outages. Schools and businesses were closed, and many residents were left without essential supplies. Furthermore, the weight of the snow damaged trees and infrastructure, creating additional challenges. The snowfall also affected agriculture, as crops were damaged or destroyed, posing a threat to the local food supply. While the snowfall was a novel experience for many, it also highlighted the need for improved infrastructure and disaster preparedness in the region.

Sunlight in Habiganj

Habiganj receives an ample amount of sunlight throughout the year, with an average of 5.5 to 7 hours of sunshine per day. The sun shines brightest during the summer months, from May to September, when days are longer and temperatures are higher. During this time, the sun rises around 5:30 AM and sets around 6:30 PM, providing ample daylight for outdoor activities and solar energy generation.

Seasonal Variations

The duration of sunlight in Habiganj varies depending on the season. During the winter months, from November to February, day length decreases significantly. The sun rises later and sets earlier, providing around 3 to 4 hours of sunlight per day. This shift is due to the Earth’s tilt on its axis, which causes the angle of the sun’s rays to change throughout the year. Despite the shorter day length, the sun can still be quite bright during the winter months, particularly around noontime.

Scientific Explanation

The moon is a celestial body that orbits around the Earth, reflecting sunlight back to the planet. The moon’s gravitational pull influences the tides on Earth and affects the menstrual cycle of women. The moon’s phases are due to its changing position relative to the Earth and the Sun. During a new moon, the moon is between the Earth and the Sun, and the side facing Earth is not illuminated. As the moon moves in its orbit, more of the side facing Earth becomes illuminated, creating the crescent, gibbous, and full moon phases.

Cultural Significance

In Habiganj, Bangladesh, the moon holds cultural and religious significance. The moon is often associated with fertility and abundance, and is believed to influence the growth of crops and the success of fishing ventures. The full moon is considered an auspicious time for weddings and other celebrations. The moon is also used to mark the beginning of the Islamic month, which is based on the lunar calendar. Muslims in Habiganj observe the fasting month of Ramadan, which begins with the sighting of the new moon.

Seasonal Humidity Patterns

Habiganj, Bangladesh, experiences significant seasonal variations in humidity levels. During the monsoon season (June to October), the humidity is extremely high, often exceeding 85%. This is due to the influx of moist, warm air from the Bay of Bengal. The high humidity levels make it feel muggy and uncomfortable, especially during the hot summer months.

Daytime and Nighttime Humidity Variations

The humidity levels in Habiganj also vary significantly between daytime and nighttime. During the day, the humidity is typically lower than at night due to the sun’s heating effect. As the sun sets, the air cools, and the humidity levels rise. This is because the cooler air can hold less moisture than the warmer air. The humidity levels are typically lowest in the early morning hours, before the sun has had a chance to heat the air.

Wind Patterns in Habiganj

Habiganj, a district in northeastern Bangladesh, experiences diverse wind patterns influenced by its geographical location and seasonality. During the monsoon season (June-September), southwesterly winds prevail, bringing abundant rainfall to the region. These winds often reach speeds of 30-45 kilometers per hour (km/h) and are associated with squalls and occasional thunderstorms.

Wind Speed and Direction

The average wind speed in Habiganj varies throughout the year. The highest wind speeds occur during the monsoon season, with peak gusts reaching up to 70-80 km/h. During the winter months (December-February), northwesterly winds dominate, bringing relatively drier and cooler conditions. The wind speeds during this period are typically lower, with an average of 10-15 km/h. In the transitional months of spring and autumn, variable wind patterns are prevalent, influenced by both monsoon and winter winds.

Winter (November-February)

Winter is an ideal time to visit Habiganj, Bangladesh, as the weather is pleasant and dry. Temperatures typically range from 10°C to 25°C, providing a comfortable climate for outdoor activities. With minimal rainfall, this season offers clear skies and ample sunshine, making it perfect for sightseeing and exploration. Winter is also a popular time for birdwatching, as migratory birds from the north flock to the wetlands and rivers of Habiganj.

Spring (March-May)

Spring brings warmer temperatures and vibrant colors to Habiganj. The average temperature rises to around 30°C, with occasional showers that rejuvenate the landscape. Blooming flowers create a picturesque setting, and the lush greenery invites visitors to embark on nature trails and explore the region’s tea plantations. Spring is also a good time to experience the local culture, as festivals and celebrations mark the transition from winter to summer.

Solar Energy Potential in Habiganj

Habiganj in Bangladesh, located in the northeastern part of the country, possesses considerable potential for solar energy utilization. The region receives abundant sunlight throughout the year, with an average solar radiation of over 2200 kWh/m2. This favorable solar resource makes Habiganj an ideal location for the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems to generate clean and renewable energy.

Solar Energy Initiatives in Habiganj

To capitalize on the solar energy potential, Habiganj has witnessed several initiatives aimed at promoting its adoption. The Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) has played a significant role in this regard, providing financial and technical support for the installation of solar PV systems. One notable project is the installation of a 1.2 MW solar PV power plant at the Habiganj Government College, which is expected to generate over 1.6 million kWh of electricity annually and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 1,200 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. Additionally, various private companies and non-governmental organizations are also actively involved in promoting solar energy solutions in the region.

Surrounding Terrain

Habiganj is nestled within the verdant plains of northeastern Bangladesh. It is bordered by the Barak River to the west and the Meghna River to the east. The surrounding terrain is relatively flat, with gentle slopes rising towards the north and east. Low-lying areas near the rivers are prone to flooding during the monsoon season.

River Systems

The Barak and Meghna Rivers form the backbone of Habiganj’s topography. The Barak River originates in India and flows through Habiganj before joining the Meghna River near the city of Bhairab. The Meghna River, the largest river in Bangladesh, flows through the eastern part of Habiganj and is a vital waterway for transportation and trade. The river systems create a network of waterways that support fishing, agriculture, and navigation.

Sylhet Osmani International Airport

The closest airport to Habiganj, Bangladesh, is Sylhet Osmani International Airport (ZYL). Approximately 42 kilometers (26 miles) northeast of Habiganj city, ZYL is the third international airport in Bangladesh, playing a vital role in connecting the region to the rest of the country and beyond. The airport serves both domestic and international flights, with airlines offering direct connections to major cities such as Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, as well as regional destinations like Kolkata, India.

ZYL features a modern terminal with various amenities, ensuring a comfortable travel experience for passengers. It has ample parking space, currency exchange counters, duty-free shops, and a food court. The airport also houses several lounges where travelers can relax and unwind before their flights. To facilitate easy access to Habiganj, the airport provides ground transportation options such as taxis, buses, and rental cars. Additionally, numerous hotels and guesthouses are located near the airport for those who need overnight accommodation.

Historical and Cultural Significance

Habiganj, a city in northeastern Bangladesh, boasts a rich history and cultural heritage. It is believed to have been founded by Nawab Shamsul Alam in 1550 and was once a major center of the cotton and jute trade. During the British colonial era, Habiganj played a vital role as a commercial hub and administrative center. The city is home to numerous historical sites, including the Shaista Khan Mosque, built in the 17th century, and the tomb of the renowned Sufi saint Shah Amanat Khan. Habiganj also holds cultural significance as the birthplace of the renowned poet and writer Syed Shamsul Haq.

Modern Habiganj

Today, Habiganj is a vibrant and growing city. It serves as the administrative center of the Habiganj District and is home to several educational institutions, including Habiganj Government College and Habiganj Medical College Hospital. The city is a major commercial hub for the region and is known for its thriving markets and industries. Habiganj is also a popular destination for tourists, who come to explore its historical sites and enjoy the natural beauty of the surrounding area, including the picturesque hills and beels (wetlands).