Guwahati Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – India

Summer (March-May):

Guwahati experiences a scorching summer, with temperatures soaring up to 37°C (98.6°F) in May. The humidity levels are also high, making the heat feel even more oppressive. However, the summer months bring respite in the form of occasional thunderstorms, which provide some relief from the relentless heat. Additionally, the city’s lush greenery offers a welcome shade from the sun’s harsh rays.

Monsoon (June-September):

The monsoon season brings heavy rainfall to Guwahati, with an average annual rainfall of over 3,000 mm (118 inches). The city experiences incessant downpours, often leading to flooding and landslides in the surrounding hills. The humidity levels remain high during this time, making it feel muggy and uncomfortable. Despite the heavy rainfall, the monsoon season also brings a sense of relief from the summer heat, and the city’s vegetation flourishes in the wet conditions.

Monthly Average Temperatures in Guwahati, India

Guwahati, the largest city in the northeastern Indian state of Assam, experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by hot summers and mild winters. The average temperature throughout the year ranges from 15°C (59°F) to 35°C (95°F).

During the summer months, from March to May, temperatures soar to a maximum average of 35°C (95°F). April is the hottest month, with average temperatures reaching up to 37°C (99°F). The high humidity levels during this time make the heat even more oppressive.

In the winter months, from November to February, temperatures drop to an average minimum of 15°C (59°F). December is the coldest month, with average temperatures dropping to 11°C (52°F). While the winters are generally mild, occasional cold waves can bring temperatures down significantly.

Cloud Distribution and Patterns

Guwahati experiences a range of cloud formations throughout the year. During the dry season (November to April), the skies are generally clear to partly cloudy, with occasional high-altitude cirrus clouds. As the monsoon season approaches (May to September), cloud cover increases significantly. Cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds become prevalent, bringing heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. The city also experiences stratocumulus clouds, which appear as a layer of grey, broken clouds at low to mid-levels.

Cloud Dynamics

The cloud dynamics in Guwahati are influenced by various factors, including altitude, wind patterns, and atmospheric conditions. The city’s location at the foothills of the Himalayas causes orographic lifting, where air masses are forced to rise as they encounter the mountains, resulting in the formation of clouds. The prevailing wind patterns during the monsoon season bring moisture-laden air from the Bay of Bengal, contributing to the development of thick cloud formations. Additionally, local weather conditions, such as temperature and humidity, play a role in determining the type and distribution of clouds observed in Guwahati.

Seasonal Precipitation

Guwahati, the capital city of Assam in northeastern India, experiences a distinct seasonal pattern of precipitation. The wettest months occur during the monsoon season, which typically lasts from June to September. During this period, the city is subject to heavy rainfall brought by the southwest monsoon winds carrying moisture from the Bay of Bengal. The average annual rainfall in Guwahati is approximately 1,800 mm, with the majority falling during the monsoon months.

Influence of Geography

The geography of Guwahati plays a significant role in its precipitation patterns. The city is located in the Brahmaputra Valley, which is surrounded by hills and mountains. These geographical features act as barriers to the moisture-carrying winds, causing them to converge and release heavy rainfall in the valley. Additionally, the presence of the Himalayas to the north also influences precipitation, as they block the passage of moisture-rich clouds, reducing rainfall during the winter months.

Seasonal Distribution of Rainfall

Guwahati experiences a distinct seasonal pattern of rainfall, influenced by the monsoon winds. The city receives the majority of its rainfall during the monsoon season, which typically lasts from June to September. During this period, heavy rainfall is common, leading to potential flooding and waterlogging issues. The monsoon rains are crucial for agriculture in the region and replenish water sources.

Annual Rainfall and Variability

Guwahati’s annual rainfall varies from year to year, but on average, it receives around 1,750 millimeters of rainfall. The wettest months are usually July and August, when monthly rainfall can exceed 300 millimeters. However, rainfall can also be highly variable within seasons, with some years experiencing severe droughts or excessive rainfall during the monsoon. Climate change has been impacting rainfall patterns in recent years, leading to more frequent and intense extreme rainfall events.

Causes of Snowfall in Guwahati, India

Guwahati, India, is located in the state of Assam and experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by high temperatures and heavy rainfall throughout the year. However, in January 2021, an unusual snowfall occurred in Guwahati, marking a rare weather event for the region. The snowfall was caused by a combination of factors, including a strong western disturbance and a cold front from the Himalayas. The western disturbance brought moist air from the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, which ascended over the hills of Assam and cooled rapidly, leading to snowfall. The cold front from the Himalayas further lowered the temperatures in Guwahati, making the conditions conducive for snowfall.

Impact of Snowfall in Guwahati, India

The snowfall in Guwahati, although brief, had a significant impact on the city and its surroundings. The snow-covered streets and parks created picturesque scenes, offering a unique spectacle for locals and tourists alike. However, the snowfall also disrupted daily life and caused some transportation issues. Schools and offices were closed, and roads became slippery and hazardous for vehicles. The sudden drop in temperatures also posed health risks, particularly for the homeless and the elderly. Additionally, the snowfall damaged some crops and fruit trees, leading to economic losses for farmers.

Intensity and Seasonal Variation

Guwahati experiences abundant sunshine throughout the year, with an average of 5.6 to 7.4 hours of sunshine per day. The peak sunshine period occurs from March to May, during the summer months, when the average daily sunshine reaches 7 to 8 hours. During the monsoon season (June to September), the amount of sunshine drops due to increased cloud cover, with an average of 4.5 to 5.5 hours of sunshine per day.

Effects on Weather and Climate

The plentiful sunshine in Guwahati contributes significantly to the city’s climate. The abundant solar radiation during the summer months leads to high temperatures, averaging between 28°C (82°F) and 34°C (93°F). However, the city experiences a significant drop in temperatures during the winter months (December to February) when the amount of sunshine is reduced. Additionally, the sunshine helps to reduce humidity levels, making the overall climate more comfortable and dry.

Moonrise and Moonset in Guwahati

Guwahati, being a bustling city, offers a unique cityscape with the backdrop of the Brahmaputra River and the surrounding hills. However, the city’s urban lights can impede the observation of the night sky. Nevertheless, during clear nights, stargazing enthusiasts can witness the celestial dance of the Moon as it rises and sets over the horizon. The Moon’s ethereal glow illuminates the night sky, casting a soft, silvery hue upon the city. The intricate details of the Moon’s surface, such as its craters and mountains, become visible through binoculars or a telescope.

Moon Phases in Guwahati

As the Moon orbits Earth, it exhibits different phases throughout the month. In Guwahati, the Moon’s phases are influenced by the city’s latitude and longitude. During the New Moon phase, when the Moon is not visible from Earth, the night sky appears dark, with only a few bright stars being visible. The Waxing Crescent phase follows, where a thin crescent-shaped Moon gradually grows larger in the sky. The First Quarter phase occurs when half of the Moon is illuminated, forming a half-circle. The Waxing Gibbous phase shows the Moon becoming increasingly full, with more than half of its surface illuminated. The Full Moon phase, when the entire face of the Moon is visible, is a spectacular sight, casting a brilliant light upon the city. The Waning Gibbous, Third Quarter, and Waning Crescent phases then follow in succession, marking the gradual decrease in the Moon’s visibility until the New Moon phase begins again.

Seasonal Variations of Humidity in Guwahati

Guwahati experiences a subtropical climate characterized by high humidity throughout the year. During the summer months (March-May), the average humidity levels hover around 75%, creating a muggy and uncomfortable atmosphere. As the monsoon season sets in (June-September), humidity levels soar to an average of 85%, reaching peak levels of over 90% during heavy rainfall. The humidity remains elevated even during the post-monsoon period (October-November), with an average of 70%.

Impacts of High Humidity

The high humidity levels in Guwahati have a significant impact on the city’s daily life and economy. The oppressive humidity causes discomfort for residents, leading to heat exhaustion and dehydration. It also affects the city’s economy, particularly the tourism sector, as high humidity can discourage visitors from exploring outdoor attractions. Additionally, the moisture content in the air can accelerate the corrosion of buildings and infrastructure, increasing maintenance costs.

Wind Patterns in Guwahati

Guwahati, located in the northeastern region of India, experiences a distinct seasonal variation in wind patterns. During the summer months (April-June), the prevailing wind direction is from the south and southwest, bringing warm and humid air from the Bay of Bengal. These winds are often strong and gusty, contributing to the city’s oppressive heat and humidity. In the monsoon season (June-September), the wind direction changes to the northeast, bringing heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. The monsoon winds typically originate from the Arabian Sea and bring moist air from the Indian Ocean, resulting in torrential rains and occasional flash floods.

Seasonal Variations in Wind Velocity and Direction

The wind velocity and direction in Guwahati vary significantly throughout the year. During the summer months, when the southwesterly winds dominate, the average wind speed can reach up to 20 kilometers per hour (12.5 miles per hour). However, during the monsoon season, the wind speeds can increase significantly, with gusts exceeding 40 kilometers per hour (25 miles per hour). The wind direction is also highly variable during the monsoon, with winds frequently shifting between northeasterly and southwesterly directions. In the post-monsoon and winter months (October-March), the wind direction is generally northwesterly, bringing cooler and drier air from the Himalayas. The wind speeds during this period are typically moderate, ranging from 10 to 15 kilometers per hour (6-9 miles per hour).

Best Time to Visit Guwahati

The capital city of Assam, Guwahati, welcomes visitors year-round with its captivating blend of culture and natural beauty. The city experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by distinct seasons. For a pleasant and comfortable visit, the best time to visit Guwahati is during the winter months from October to March. During this period, the temperatures range from a comfortable 10 to 25 degrees Celsius, making it ideal for exploring the city’s attractions and embarking on outdoor activities. The skies are mostly clear, with occasional light showers, providing respite from the heat and humidity.

The summer months from April to September can be quite warm and humid, with temperatures often exceeding 35 degrees Celsius. While the city maintains its charm, the intense heat can make sightseeing and outdoor activities less enjoyable. Monsoon season, which typically spans from June to September, brings heavy rainfall, leading to occasional flooding and disruption of services. However, the city’s lush greenery comes alive during this time, offering a vibrant natural spectacle. Travelers who prefer to experience Guwahati’s quieter side and witness its natural beauty at its peak should consider visiting during the monsoon season, bearing in mind the potential for inclement weather.

Challenges and Opportunities

Guwahati, India, has a moderate solar energy potential, with an average of 4-5 peak sunlight hours per day. However, the city also experiences high humidity and frequent rainfall during the monsoon season, which can affect solar panel efficiency and system reliability. Additionally, the lack of adequate infrastructure, such as reliable power grids and storage solutions, poses challenges for large-scale solar energy deployment.

Despite these challenges, Guwahati has demonstrated a commitment to solar energy. The government has introduced various incentive schemes and regulations to promote solar adoption. Moreover, the increasing awareness of the environmental benefits and declining costs of solar panels have made solar energy an attractive option for households and businesses. The city has also witnessed the establishment of several solar parks and rooftop installations, contributing to its renewable energy mix.

Overview of Guwahati’s Topography

Guwahati, the capital city of Assam, India, is nestled on the southern banks of the mighty Brahmaputra River. Its topography is characterized by a blend of plains, hills, and water bodies, creating a picturesque and diverse landscape. The city lies at an elevation of approximately 50 meters above sea level, with the Brahmaputra River forming its northern boundary. To the south, the picturesque Shillong Plateau rises, providing a stunning backdrop for the city.

Brahmaputra River and its Influence

The Brahmaputra River is the lifeblood of Guwahati, contributing significantly to its topography and economy. The river meanders through the city, creating several islands and sandbars that add to the charm of Guwahati. The mighty Brahmaputra also plays a crucial role in shaping the city’s climate and supporting various aquatic ecosystems. Its fertile banks are ideal for agriculture, and the river itself is a source of livelihood for fishermen. Additionally, the river has sculpted the landscape over time, creating scenic gorges and ravines along its course.

Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport (GAU)

Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport (GAU) is the primary airport serving Guwahati, the capital city of Assam. Located approximately 25 kilometers (16 miles) west of the city, GAU is the primary gateway for both domestic and international travelers to enter and leave Assam. The airport is spread over an area of 664 acres and features a single passenger terminal building. It is capable of handling a wide range of commercial aircraft, including wide-body jets. GAU is well-connected to major cities in India, such as Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata, with direct flights operated by domestic carriers like Air India, IndiGo, and FlyBig. The airport also handles a limited number of international flights, with direct connections to Kathmandu in Nepal and Dhaka in Bangladesh.

Facilities and Amenities at GAU

Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport (GAU) offers a range of facilities and amenities to ensure a comfortable and seamless travel experience for passengers. The passenger terminal building is equipped with modern facilities, including check-in counters, baggage claim areas, and self-service kiosks. The airport also houses a variety of food and beverage outlets, including cafes, restaurants, and snack bars. For added convenience, there are duty-free shops, currency exchange counters, and a dedicated lounge for business travelers. GAU also has ample parking space, with dedicated areas for long-term and short-term parking. The airport is well-connected to Guwahati city center via taxi, bus, and ridesharing services.

History and Heritage

Guwahati, the largest city in northeastern India, boasts a rich historical and cultural heritage. As early as the 4th century BC, it was a stronghold of the ancient Kamrupa kingdom. In the 7th century AD, King Bhaskarvarman built the iconic Kamakhya Temple, one of the oldest and most revered Hindu temples in India. Throughout history, Guwahati has witnessed the rise and fall of various empires, including the Ahom Kingdom and the British Raj. Today, it is a melting pot of cultures and traditions, with influences from its diverse past.

Urban Landscape and Infrastructure

Guwahati is a rapidly evolving metropolis with a modern urban landscape and infrastructure. The city is home to a number of educational institutions, hospitals, and cultural centers. The Guwahati International Airport connects the city to major destinations in India and abroad. In recent years, Guwahati has witnessed significant infrastructural development projects, including the construction of the Guwahati Metro Rail and the development of the Guwahati Smart City project. The city is also home to several parks and recreational areas, such as Nehru Park and the Assam State Zoo.