Guelma Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Algeria

Average Temperature and Precipitation

Guelma, located in northeastern Algeria, experiences a temperate climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, humid winters. The average annual temperature is 17°C (62.6°F), with July and August being the warmest months, averaging around 27°C (80.6°F). During the winter months, December and January, temperatures drop to an average of 10°C (50°F). Precipitation is relatively low throughout the year, with an average annual rainfall of only 400 mm (15.7 inches). The wettest month is December, while the driest is July.

Seasonal Climate Variations

Spring (March-May): Temperatures gradually rise from March to May, with the average temperature in March being 13°C (55.4°F) and in May reaching 20°C (68°F). Rainfall is slightly higher in spring than in summer, with an average of 50 mm (2 inches) per month.

Summer (June-August): Summer in Guelma is hot and dry, with average temperatures around 27°C (80.6°F). Rainfall is minimal during this time of year, with an average of less than 5 mm (0.2 inches) per month.

Autumn (September-November): Temperatures begin to drop in autumn, with the average temperature in September being 22°C (71.6°F) and in November falling to 13°C (55.4°F). Rainfall begins to increase slightly, with an average of 30 mm (1.2 inches) per month.

Winter (December-February): Winter in Guelma is mild and humid, with average temperatures around 10°C (50°F). Rainfall is the highest during the winter months, with an average of 60 mm (2.4 inches) per month.

Average Temperature in Guelma, Algeria: An Overview

Guelma, a city nestled in the northeastern region of Algeria, experiences a warm and dry climate with distinct seasonal variations. Throughout the year, the average temperature in Guelma ranges from a mild 10°C (50°F) in January, the coldest month, to a balmy 30°C (86°F) in August, the hottest month. The city enjoys ample sunshine hours, averaging around 8 hours per day throughout the year, contributing to its pleasant Mediterranean-type climate.

Seasonal Temperature Variations

During the spring and autumn months, Guelma experiences moderate temperatures. In April and May, the average temperature rises to a comfortable 15-17°C (59-63°F), providing ideal conditions for outdoor activities. As summer approaches, temperatures gradually climb, reaching their peak in July and August when the city basks under a warm 28-30°C (82-86°F) average. With high levels of humidity, summer evenings can be sultry. In contrast, during winter months, temperatures drop significantly, with January and February averaging a cool 10°C (50°F). Although snow is a rare occurrence, occasional cold spells and rainfall bring chilly conditions.

Cloud Cover and Types

Guelma, a city located in northeastern Algeria, experiences varying cloud cover throughout the year. During the winter months, from November to April, cloud cover is typically high, with frequent overcast skies. This is due to the influence of low-pressure systems and cold fronts that bring humid air and precipitation to the region. The skies often appear gray and gloomy during this time, with limited sunshine. Conversely, during the summer months, from May to October, cloud cover tends to be minimal, with a prevalence of clear and sunny skies. This is attributed to the dominance of high-pressure systems that bring stable atmospheric conditions and reduce humidity.

Seasonal Variations

The average cloud cover in Guelma exhibits distinct seasonal patterns. In the winter months, cloud cover reaches its maximum, averaging around 70-80%. January and February are the cloudiest months, with overcast skies dominating the weather conditions. As the seasons transition to spring and summer, cloud cover gradually decreases. By May, the average cloud cover drops to around 50-60%, providing more opportunities for sunshine. The summer months, from June to August, experience the lowest cloud cover, averaging around 30-40%. September and October witness a slight increase in cloud cover, but it remains significantly lower than during the winter months. The annual average cloud cover in Guelma is approximately 55%, indicating a balance between cloudy and clear weather conditions throughout the year.

Annual Precipitation

Guelma, Algeria experiences relatively low annual precipitation, averaging approximately 400 to 600 millimeters (16 to 24 inches). The city is located within the Mediterranean climate zone, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The majority of precipitation falls during the winter months, with occasional rainfall in the spring and autumn. Summer rainfall is rare, but thunderstorms can occur sporadically.

Seasonal Variations

The wet season in Guelma typically spans from October to April, with December and January receiving the highest rainfall. During this period, the city experiences frequent precipitation in the form of rain or occasional snow. The dry season lasts from May to September, with July and August being the driest months. During this time, rainfall is scarce, and the weather is typically hot and sunny. The transitional months of May, June, September, and October can experience variable precipitation patterns, with occasional showers or thunderstorms.

Geographical and Climatic Factors Influencing Rainfall in Guelma, Algeria

Guelma, nestled in the north-eastern region of Algeria, falls within a Mediterranean climate zone. This region experiences rainfall primarily during the cooler months, known as the Mediterranean Winter, extending from October to May. The location of Guelma in proximity to the Mediterranean Sea and the topography of the surrounding mountains plays a significant role in shaping its rainfall patterns. The prevailing westerly winds carry moisture from the Mediterranean onto the coastal region, resulting in relatively higher precipitation. However, the presence of the Edough mountains to the north acts as a barrier, leading to the formation of rain shadows and a gradual decrease in rainfall moving inland.

Seasonal Rainfall Patterns

The annual rainfall in Guelma varies between 400 to 600 millimeters, with the majority occurring during the winter months. The wettest months are typically December and January, receiving an average of 70 to 90 millimeters of rainfall each. Conversely, the summer months are characterized by relatively dry conditions, with rainfall amounts typically below 20 millimeters per month. This distinct seasonal pattern is influenced by the northward movement of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during summer, which shifts precipitation patterns towards the Sahel region. The amount and distribution of rainfall in Guelma can be highly variable from year to year, influenced by larger-scale climate patterns such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

Frequency and Precipitation

Snowfall in Guelma, Algeria is relatively rare, with only a few occurrences documented in recent history. The city is located in the northeastern part of the country, near the coast. The climate in Guelma is typically mild and temperate, with warm summers and cool winters. However, during the winter months, cold air from the north can occasionally bring snow to the region.

Impact and Effects

When snowfall does occur in Guelma, it can cause significant disruption to daily life. Roads and schools may be closed, and public transportation may be delayed or canceled. The snowfall can also create hazardous conditions for pedestrians and drivers. In addition, the cold temperatures can lead to hypothermia and other health problems for those who are not properly prepared.

Hours of Sunlight

Guelma, Algeria enjoys ample sunshine throughout the year, with an average of 7.5 hours of direct sunlight per day. The city experiences generous amounts of sunshine during its warmest months, July and August, with an average of 12 hours per day. During the winter months, December and January, sunlight duration diminishes to an average of 6 hours per day. However, even in the winter, Guelma’s abundant sunshine provides pleasant conditions for outdoor activities and sightseeing.

UV Index

Guelma’s location in Northern Africa contributes to its high UV index, which measures the intensity of ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth’s surface. During the summer months, the UV index in Guelma can reach extreme levels, particularly between 11 am and 4 pm. Exposure to high UV radiation can cause sunburn, eye damage, and skin cancer. It is essential to take precautions such as wearing sunscreen, sunglasses, and protective clothing when venturing outdoors during peak sunlight hours. During the winter months, the UV index is lower but still remains at a moderate level, requiring appropriate sun protection measures.

Moon Phases

The moon’s phases in Guelma, Algeria, follow a regular pattern over 29.5 days, known as a lunar cycle. As the Earth orbits the sun and the moon orbits the Earth, the changing positions of these celestial bodies cause different portions of the moon to be illuminated by sunlight. During the new moon phase, the moon is between the Earth and the sun, and its dark side faces Earth. As the moon moves around the Earth, it gradually becomes visible, progressing through crescent, first quarter, gibbous, and finally full moon phases. The full moon phase occurs when the moon is directly opposite the sun, with its entire face illuminated.

Moon’s Appearance

The appearance of the moon in Guelma, Algeria, varies throughout the lunar cycle. During the new moon phase, the moon is not visible from Earth. As the moon waxes, it becomes increasingly visible as a thin crescent. As it approaches the full moon phase, the moon appears as a bright, circular orb. Following the full moon, the moon wanes, gradually decreasing in size and visibility until it reaches the new moon phase again. The moon’s surface features, such as craters and mountains, become more apparent during the full moon phase when fully illuminated by sunlight.

Humidity Trends

Guelma, Algeria, experiences significant variations in humidity levels throughout the year. During the summer months (June to September), the air is generally dry, with relative humidity typically ranging between 20% and 40%. August is the driest month, with humidity levels often dipping below 25%. In contrast, the winter months (December to February) are characterized by higher humidity, with relative humidity often exceeding 70%. January is the most humid month, with average humidity levels around 80%.

Factors Influencing Humidity

The significant difference in humidity levels between summer and winter is primarily influenced by temperature and precipitation. During the summer, the high temperatures cause the air to hold less moisture, resulting in lower humidity. Conversely, during the winter, the cooler temperatures allow the air to hold more moisture, leading to higher humidity. Additionally, precipitation also plays a role in humidity levels. During the rainy season (October to May), the increased rainfall contributes to higher humidity, while during the dry season (June to September), the lack of rainfall leads to lower humidity.

Impacts of Humidity

The fluctuating humidity levels in Guelma have various impacts on the local environment and human comfort. During the dry summer months, the low humidity can cause skin and respiratory irritation, as well as increased risk of wildfires. On the other hand, the high humidity during the winter months can lead to condensation, mold growth, and discomfort due to the muggy air. Additionally, the changing humidity levels can also affect the durability of buildings and materials, as well as the behavior of wildlife.

Wind Patterns in Guelma, Algeria

Guelma, Algeria experiences a moderate wind regime throughout the year. The prevailing wind direction is from the northeast (NE), indicating the dominance of winds blowing from the Mediterranean Sea. These winds tend to be strongest during the summer months (June-August), when they provide a cooling breeze to the city and surrounding areas. During the winter months (December-February), the winds tend to be weaker and more variable in direction.

Wind Speed and Variability

The average wind speed in Guelma is approximately 10-15 kilometers per hour (6-9 miles per hour). However, there can be significant variability in wind speed depending on the season and weather conditions. During the summer months, wind speeds can reach up to 25 kilometers per hour (16 miles per hour) or more, while during the winter months they can drop to as low as 5 kilometers per hour (3 miles per hour). Occasionally, strong winds known as “siroccos” can occur, bringing hot and dry air from the Sahara Desert. These winds can reach speeds of up to 50 kilometers per hour (31 miles per hour) and can cause dust storms and disrupt daily life.

Spring and Autumn: Ideal for Nature Enthusiasts

Spring and autumn (March-May and September-November) offer ideal conditions for exploring Guelma’s natural beauty. The temperatures are pleasant, ranging from the mid-60s to low 80s Fahrenheit. The landscape comes alive with vibrant colors as wildflowers bloom throughout the region. Hiking trails are accessible and offer scenic views of the Djebel Mahouna National Park, with its lush forests and abundant wildlife.

Summer: Sunny and Warm for Beach Activities

Summer (June-August) brings warm and sunny weather to Guelma, with temperatures reaching the high 80s Fahrenheit. This is the perfect time for beachgoers to enjoy the pristine shores of nearby Boumahra beach, just a 45-minute drive from the city. The clear waters invite swimming, sunbathing, and various water sports. The open-air market is bustling with activity, offering a vibrant atmosphere to soak in the local culture.

Potential of Solar Energy in Guelma, Algeria

Guelma, located in northeastern Algeria, possesses significant potential for harnessing solar energy. Its favorable geographic conditions, characterized by high solar irradiation levels throughout the year, make it an ideal location for the development of solar projects. The city’s clear skies and low humidity contribute to the high solar energy yield, providing ample opportunities for photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies. The vast, undeveloped land areas within Guelma provide suitable sites for large-scale solar installations, which can generate substantial amounts of clean electricity.

Current Status and Prospects for Growth

Despite its potential, the utilization of solar energy in Guelma is still in its early stages. However, recent government initiatives and increasing awareness of renewable energy have sparked interest in solar development. The Algerian government has set ambitious targets for renewable energy deployment, including solar power. The city of Guelma is actively pursuing opportunities to incorporate solar energy into its energy mix. Several projects are underway to install solar PV systems on public buildings, businesses, and residential homes. Additionally, the government is encouraging private investment in large-scale solar farms. With ongoing efforts to promote solar energy adoption, Guelma is poised to become a hub for solar energy production in Algeria.

Guelma: A Landscape of Mountains and Plateaus

Guelma is a province in northeastern Algeria characterized by a diverse topography. Its landscape consists of a patchwork of mountainous regions and elevated plateaus, creating a rugged and scenic terrain. The province is dominated by the massif of the Ouenza Mountains, which rise to over 1,000 meters in altitude. These mountains form a natural barrier between Guelma and the neighboring provinces of Souk Ahras and Annaba. The Ouenza Mountains feature a rugged and rocky terrain, with numerous ravines, valleys, and peaks.

Plateaus and Plains

In addition to the mountainous areas, Guelma also encompasses vast plateaus, such as the Hodna Plateau and the Hamimat Plateau. These plateaus are characterized by their relatively flat topography, with altitudes ranging from 500 to 1,000 meters. The Hodna Plateau is particularly extensive, covering much of the southern portion of the province. It is known for its fertile soils and is an important agricultural region. The Hamimat Plateau, located in the northwest, is also notable for its scenic beauty, with rolling hills, forests, and numerous springs. The topography of Guelma has had a significant impact on the human settlement and development of the region. The rugged terrain of the Ouenza Mountains has historically isolated the province, while the fertile plateaus have attracted agricultural activity. The province’s diverse topography also contributes to its rich biodiversity, with a wide variety of flora and fauna inhabiting the different ecosystems.

Guemar Airport (GUE)

Guemar Airport (GUE) is a regional airport serving the city of Guelma in northeastern Algeria. It is the closest airport to the city, located just 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) to the west of the city center. The airport has a single runway that is 2,400 meters long and can accommodate small to medium-sized aircraft. It is primarily used for domestic flights to and from major cities in Algeria, such as Algiers, Constantine, and Oran.

Future Developments

In recent years, there have been plans to expand and modernize Guemar Airport to meet the growing demand for air travel in the region. The proposed expansion includes the construction of a new passenger terminal, the extension of the runway to accommodate larger aircraft, and the addition of new facilities and services to enhance the passenger experience. These developments aim to improve the airport’s capacity, efficiency, and overall service offerings. The completion of these projects is expected to further boost tourism and economic development in the Guelma region.

History of Guelma, Algeria

Guelma, an ancient city in northeastern Algeria, has a rich and fascinating history dating back to the Roman era. In ancient times, it was known as Calama, a thriving Roman colony founded in the 1st century AD. During the Roman period, Calama played a significant role as an administrative and economic center, with an impressive city plan, thermal baths, temples, and an amphitheater.

In the 7th century, the city fell under Arab rule and became known as Guelma. It flourished as an important cultural and commercial center during the Middle Ages, with a thriving market, numerous mosques, and madrasas. Guelma later came under Ottoman rule in the 16th century and remained under its control until the French conquest of Algeria in the 19th century.

Guelma Today

Present-day Guelma is a bustling city with a population of over 120,000. It is the capital of the Guelma Province and a major industrial center in eastern Algeria. The city retains remnants of its rich past, including Roman ruins, medieval mosques, and historic buildings showcasing its diverse heritage. Guelma is also home to several museums and cultural institutions, such as the Guelma National Museum, which houses a collection of artifacts from the city’s history.

The city’s economy is primarily based on industry, including leatherwork, food processing, and textiles. Guelma is also known for its agricultural production, particularly the cultivation of olives and wheat. The city is well-connected by road and rail, and it serves as a transportation hub for the eastern region of Algeria.