Gorakhpur Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – India

Summer in Gorakhpur

The summer season in Gorakhpur typically lasts from April to June and is characterized by intensely hot and humid weather. Temperatures during this period can soar to a maximum of 45°C (113°F) during the day, with average highs around 40°C (104°F). The nights offer little respite, with minimum temperatures hovering around 30°C (86°F). The air becomes thick and heavy, with humidity levels reaching as high as 80%. Rainfall is scarce during this period, but occasional thunderstorms can bring brief periods of relief.

Winter in Gorakhpur

The winter season in Gorakhpur, which runs from November to February, presents a stark contrast to the summer months. Temperatures drop significantly, with average highs ranging between 20 and 25°C (68-77°F) during the day. Nights can be chilly, with temperatures dipping to a minimum of 10°C (50°F) or lower. The air becomes dry and crisp, with humidity levels falling to around 40%. While rainfall is infrequent during this period, dense fog can reduce visibility on some mornings and evenings.

Annual Temperature Range

Gorakhpur, located in India’s northern state of Uttar Pradesh, experiences a subtropical climate with distinct seasons. The average annual temperature ranges from a minimum of around 11°C (52°F) in January to a maximum of approximately 42°C (108°F) in May. The city’s humid summers are characterized by high temperatures and frequent rainfall, while winters are typically mild with occasional cold spells.

Seasonal Variations

During the spring months (March to April), temperatures rise rapidly, reaching highs in the mid-30s Celsius (90s Fahrenheit) and lows in the low 20s Celsius (70s Fahrenheit). The monsoon season, which lasts from June to September, brings heavy rainfall and results in a slight decrease in temperatures. During the post-monsoon months (October to November), temperatures become more moderate, with highs in the low 30s Celsius (80s Fahrenheit) and lows in the mid-teens Celsius (50s Fahrenheit).

Types of Clouds in Gorakhpur, India

Gorakhpur, situated in the subtropical region of India, experiences various types of cloud formations. Cumulus clouds are common during the monsoon season, bringing heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. Cirrus clouds, made up of ice crystals, often appear at high altitudes, signaling fair weather. During winter, stratus clouds cover the sky, causing overcast conditions and occasional drizzle.

Cloud Cover and Precipitation Patterns

Cloud cover in Gorakhpur varies significantly throughout the year. During the monsoon period (June-September), the city receives substantial rainfall due to the presence of thick cumulonimbus clouds. These clouds produce intense downpours and lightning strikes. In winter (December-February), cloud cover decreases, and temperatures drop significantly. Clear skies and occasional fog are prevalent during this period. During spring and autumn, a mix of cumulus and cirrus clouds is observed, resulting in moderate rainfall and variable weather conditions.

Annual Precipitation Patterns

Gorakhpur, India, experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by alternating wet and dry seasons. The wet season, extending from June to September, coincides with the southwest monsoon winds, which bring abundant rainfall to the region. During this period, the average monthly precipitation ranges from 150 to 300 mm, with the highest rainfall occurring in July and August. The dry season, from October to May, is marked by much lower precipitation, typically below 50 mm per month. The annual average precipitation in Gorakhpur is approximately 1,200 mm.

Spatial Distribution of Precipitation

The spatial distribution of precipitation in Gorakhpur is influenced by local topography and land use patterns. The city is situated on the banks of the Rapti River, which acts as a natural drainage channel. As a result, areas near the river tend to receive higher rainfall due to increased evaporation and cloud formation. Additionally, the presence of urban heat islands in the central parts of the city can lead to increased convection and localized precipitation events. However, overall, precipitation is fairly evenly distributed across the urban area without significant variations in annual totals.

Distribution of Rainfall

Gorakhpur, India experiences a tropical monsoon climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The rainy season, from June to September, is influenced by the southwest monsoon, which brings abundant rainfall. During these months, the city receives an average of 900 mm of rainfall. The wettest month is July, with an average rainfall of 300 mm.

Seasonal Variations

In the dry season, from October to May, rainfall is sparse and sporadic. The total rainfall during this period averages around 250 mm. However, there can be occasional rainfall during the winter months (December to February) due to western disturbances, which are weather systems originating from the Mediterranean Sea. March and April are the driest months, with an average rainfall of less than 20 mm.

Snowfall in Gorakhpur

Gorakhpur, a city in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, witnessed a rare snowfall on January 20, 2023, marking the first time in over 20 years that such a phenomenon occurred in the region. The unexpected precipitation, coupled with frigid temperatures, blanketed the city in a captivating winter wonderland. Locals and tourists alike marveled at the unusual sight, capturing countless images of the snow-covered streets and landmarks.

The snowfall, which lasted for several hours, brought life in Gorakhpur to a standstill as roads and public transportation were disrupted. However, it also brought a sense of joy and wonder to the city’s residents, who enjoyed the opportunity to experience this natural spectacle. The snowfall also had a positive impact on the environment, providing much-needed moisture to the parched vegetation and replenishing groundwater supplies.

Climate and Temperatures

Gorakhpur experiences a humid subtropical climate with distinct seasons. Summers are long and hot, lasting from April to June, with average temperatures ranging from 32 to 40 degrees Celsius (90 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit). During this period, the city receives moderate rainfall. Monsoon season arrives in July and lasts until September, bringing heavy rainfall and humidity. The monsoon months are followed by a pleasant autumn, which transitions into a mild winter from December to February. Winter temperatures typically range from 10 to 20 degrees Celsius (50 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit), with occasional fog.

Sunlight and UV Index

Gorakhpur enjoys ample sunshine throughout the year. During the summer months, the sun is particularly strong, with an average peak UV index of 9. This means that unprotected skin can sunburn within 15-20 minutes of exposure. During the monsoon and autumn months, the UV index remains high, typically ranging from 6 to 8. Even during the winter months, when the sun’s intensity is lower, it is important to practice sun safety measures, such as wearing sunscreen and protective clothing, to avoid sun damage.

Moon’s Visibility in Gorakhpur, India

The phase and visibility of the moon in Gorakhpur, India, vary throughout the lunar cycle. During a new moon, the moon is not visible from Earth, as it is positioned between the Sun and Earth. As the moon waxes, it gradually becomes more visible as a crescent-shaped sliver. At first quarter, the moon is half-illuminated and appears as a half-circle.

Moon Phases and Festivals in Gorakhpur

The appearance of different moon phases has cultural and religious significance in Gorakhpur. The full moon, known as “Purnima,” is considered an auspicious day for festivals and celebrations. One prominent festival associated with the full moon is Diwali, the festival of lights. During Diwali, houses, temples, and streets are illuminated with lights and fireworks, symbolizing the victory of good over evil. The new moon, or “Amavasya,” is also observed as a significant day, particularly during lunar eclipses.

Humidity in Gorakhpur, India: Causes and Impacts

Gorakhpur, a city in Uttar Pradesh, India, experiences high humidity levels throughout the year. This is primarily attributed to its geographical location in the Gangetic Plains, which is characterized by a warm and humid climate. The proximity to the Bay of Bengal and the presence of numerous water bodies in the region further contribute to the high humidity.

The high humidity in Gorakhpur affects both human comfort and health. During the summer months, the humidity levels can reach up to 90%, making it uncomfortable to be outdoors for extended periods. This can lead to dehydration, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke. Additionally, the high humidity favors the growth of molds and bacteria, which can trigger allergies and respiratory ailments. Prolonged exposure to high humidity can also affect sleep quality and mental well-being.

Wind Patterns in Gorakhpur

Gorakhpur, located in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh in India, experiences a distinct seasonal variation in wind patterns. During the summer months (April-June), the predominant wind direction is from the west-southwest, bringing hot and humid air from the Arabian Sea. These winds are known as the “southwesterlies” or “monsoon winds” and are associated with the onset of the Indian summer monsoon season.

During the winter months (November-March), the wind direction shifts to the north-northwest, bringing cold and dry air from the Himalayas. These winds are known as the “northeasternlies” and are part of the larger-scale winter monsoon circulation pattern. The northeasternlies bring clear skies and cool temperatures to Gorakhpur during the winter season.

Impact of Wind Patterns on Local Climate

The seasonal wind patterns in Gorakhpur have a significant impact on the local climate. The southwesterlies bring heavy rainfall during the summer, making Gorakhpur one of the wettest cities in India. The city receives an average of 1,100 mm (43 in) of annual precipitation, with the majority falling during the monsoon season. In contrast, the northeasternlies bring dry and clear weather during the winter, with very little rainfall. The temperature in Gorakhpur varies significantly throughout the year, with average maximum temperatures ranging from 26°C (79°F) in January to 42°C (108°F) in May.

Summer (April – June):

During summer, the temperature in Gorakhpur can reach scorching heights, with highs averaging around 40°C (104°F). While the intensely hot and humid weather can be uncomfortable, it is also the ideal time for adventure and exploration. The days are long, providing ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as boating, hiking, and wildlife viewing. The city also comes alive with cultural events and festivals during this season, adding to the vibrant atmosphere.

Monsoon (July – September):

The monsoon season brings heavy rainfall, transforming the Gorakhpur landscape into a lush and verdant paradise. The temperature drops slightly, providing respite from the summer heat, but humidity remains high. The city experiences frequent showers, often accompanied by thunder and lightning. While the monsoon can be a romantic and refreshing time to visit, it is important to be prepared for occasional disruptions and travel delays. The lush greenery and rejuvenated wildlife offer ample opportunities for nature enthusiasts and photographers.

Potential and Feasibility

Gorakhpur, located in the northern region of India, possesses favorable conditions for harnessing solar energy. With ample sunshine throughout the year, the city has immense potential for solar power generation. The abundant availability of rooftops and open spaces makes it suitable for the installation of both grid-connected and off-grid solar systems. Additionally, the government’s supportive policies and incentives encourage the adoption of solar energy in Gorakhpur.

Current Status and Outlook

Currently, Gorakhpur has a modest installed capacity of solar power, primarily from rooftop and ground-mounted systems. However, the city aims to increase its solar penetration significantly in the coming years. The Gorakhpur Smart City project envisions a substantial increase in solar energy generation, making the city a hub for renewable energy in the region. Ongoing initiatives focus on promoting solar installations in public spaces, educational institutions, and commercial buildings, setting a precedent for sustainable energy practices.

General Topography

Gorakhpur, situated in the heart of the Gangetic Plains, exhibits a predominantly flat and low-lying topography. The region is characterized by vast stretches of fertile alluvial soil, formed by the deposition of sediments carried by the Ganges and Rapti rivers. The land gently slopes from north to south, with a gradual decline in elevation. The average height above sea level ranges between 80 and 100 meters, contributing to the city’s susceptibility to flooding during heavy rainfall.

River Systems and Water Bodies

Gorakhpur is traversed by several significant rivers, including the Rapti, Rohini, and Ami. These rivers serve as vital sources of water for irrigation, drinking, and transportation. The Rapti River, a major tributary of the Ganges, dominates the region’s drainage pattern. It flows through the city from west to east, dividing it into north and south. Additionally, numerous lakes and ponds dot the landscape, providing habitats for a diverse range of aquatic life. These water bodies also play a crucial role in regulating the city’s microclimate and supporting local agricultural practices.

Nearest Airport in Gorakhpur, India

The nearest airport to Gorakhpur, India, is the Gorakhpur Airport (GOP), also known as the Mahayogi Gorakhnath Airport. It is located about 8 kilometers (5 miles) southeast of the city center and is the primary airport serving the Gorakhpur region. The airport has a single runway and handles both domestic and international flights. Several major airlines, including IndiGo, Air India, and SpiceJet, operate flights to and from Gorakhpur Airport. The airport offers direct connections to various destinations within India, including Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Lucknow. It also has international connections to Kathmandu, Nepal.

Another nearby airport is the Varanasi Airport (VNS), located approximately 180 kilometers (112 miles) southwest of Gorakhpur. Varanasi Airport is a larger international airport with a wider range of flight options and connections to major cities in India and abroad. While it is further away than Gorakhpur Airport, it may offer more convenient flight schedules or connections for certain destinations. However, it is important to note that the travel time between Gorakhpur and Varanasi Airport may be longer due to the distance.

History and Culture

Gorakhpur, a city in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, has a rich and ancient history. Archaeological excavations have revealed the presence of human habitation in the area dating back to the Neolithic era. Gorakhpur flourished as a center of trade and commerce during the Mughal period and was a prominent seat of Sufi saints. The city is also associated with the legendary sage Gorakhnath, the founder of the Nath sect of Shaivism, whose shrine is located in Gorakhpur.

Economy and Education

In contemporary times, Gorakhpur is a major industrial and educational hub. The city is home to several sugar mills, fertilizer plants, and textile industries. It is also a significant agricultural center, with rice, wheat, and sugarcane being the primary crops. Gorakhpur is renowned for its educational institutions, including the Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology and the Gorakhpur Medical College. The city is also home to the Gorakhnath Math, a renowned center of yoga and meditation.