Gambela Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Ethiopia

Average Temperatures

Gambela, Ethiopia is characterized by high temperatures year-round, with minimal seasonal variation. The mean annual temperature hovers around 28.8°C (83.8°F), while the hottest months, March and April, average 30.1°C (86.2°F). The coldest months, December and January, still register an average of 27.7°C (81.9°F). The daily temperature range is relatively small, typically fluctuating between 24-33°C (75-91°F) throughout the year.

Rainfall and Humidity

Rainfall in Gambela is highly seasonal, with the majority falling during the wet season from April to October. The annual precipitation averages 1,352mm (53.2 in), with the wettest month being July, receiving an average of 333mm (13.1 in). The dry season from November to March sees significantly less rainfall, with average monthly precipitation below 100mm (3.9 in). Humidity levels remain generally high, ranging from 60-80% throughout the year. The combination of high temperatures and humidity can create an uncomfortable and蒸し暑い climate, especially during the day.

Average Temperature in Gambela, Ethiopia: Seasonal Variations

Gambela, a town in western Ethiopia, experiences significant seasonal temperature variations. During the dry season, which spans from November to April, temperatures soar, reaching an average high of 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit) in March. This arid period is characterized by scorching heat and minimal rainfall.

In contrast, the wet season, extending from May to October, brings cooler temperatures and abundant rainfall. The average high temperature during this period dips to around 28 degrees Celsius (82 degrees Fahrenheit) in July, providing a respite from the oppressive heat. However, the humidity levels tend to be higher during this season, creating a muggy and uncomfortable atmosphere.

Factors Influencing Temperature Variations

The distinct temperature variations in Gambela are primarily influenced by its geographical location and climate patterns. The town is situated in the Gambela Region, which lies within the Ethiopian Highlands. This elevated terrain moderates temperatures compared to lower-lying areas, although extreme heat can still occur during the dry season.

Furthermore, Gambela’s proximity to the Baro River and the vast Sudd wetlands contributes to its unique climate. These water bodies act as natural heat regulators, absorbing and releasing heat energy during different seasons. As a result, Gambela experiences less extreme temperature fluctuations than some other parts of Ethiopia.

Cloud Characteristics

Clouds in Gambela, Ethiopia, exhibit distinct characteristics due to the region’s tropical climate. During the rainy season, which typically lasts from April to October, cumulonimbus and towering cumulus clouds dominate the sky. These clouds produce heavy precipitation and frequent thunderstorms. In the dry season, from November to March, cirrus and stratus clouds become more prevalent. Cirrus clouds are thin and wispy, composed of ice crystals and indicating fair weather. Stratus clouds, on the other hand, are low, gray, and often accompanied by light drizzle or fog.

Seasonal Patterns

Cloud cover in Gambela varies significantly throughout the year. During the rainy season, clouds are persistent and can cover the sky for days at a time. The onset of the rainy season is marked by the arrival of squall lines, which are bands of thunderstorms that produce heavy rainfall and strong winds. The frequency and intensity of clouds and rain gradually increase until August, when cloud cover reaches its maximum. In the dry season, cloud cover diminishes, and the sky becomes clearer. However, cirrus and stratus clouds may occasionally appear, particularly in the morning or evening.

Annual Precipitation Patterns

Gambela, located in western Ethiopia, experiences marked seasonal precipitation patterns. The rainy season typically extends from May to October, coinciding with the northward movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). During this period, frequent and heavy rainfall occurs, contributing to a significant portion of the annual precipitation. The average annual rainfall in Gambela is approximately 1,200 millimeters (47 inches), making it one of the wettest regions in Ethiopia.

Variations in Monthly Precipitation

Monthly precipitation in Gambela varies substantially throughout the year. The wettest months are typically June and July, with average rainfall exceeding 250 millimeters (10 inches) each. August and September also receive considerable rainfall, averaging around 200 millimeters (8 inches) per month. The driest months are January and February, with precipitation levels dropping below 10 millimeters (0.4 inches). This pronounced seasonal variation in precipitation is primarily driven by the migration of the ITCZ, which brings moisture-laden air from the Atlantic Ocean during the rainy season.

Seasonal Distribution of Rainfall

Gambela, Ethiopia, experiences a distinct wet season and dry season. The wet season typically extends from April to October, with rainfall reaching its peak in July and August. During this period, heavy downpours can occur, often accompanied by thunderstorms and strong winds. The total annual rainfall in Gambela varies between 1,000 and 1,400 millimeters (39 to 55 inches). The months of November through March constitute the dry season, characterized by minimal or no rainfall.

Impact on Vegetation and Agriculture

The seasonal distribution of rainfall has a profound impact on vegetation and agricultural practices in Gambela. During the wet season, the lush vegetation flourishes, creating a vibrant and diverse ecosystem. The floodplains of the Baro and Gilo rivers support extensive grasslands and wetlands, providing habitat for numerous migratory bird species. In the upland areas, farmers depend on the rains for their agricultural activities, primarily cultivating crops such as sorghum, maize, and sesame. However, excessive rainfall during the wet season can lead to flooding, which can damage crops and infrastructure. Conversely, insufficient rainfall during the dry season can result in drought, negatively impacting agricultural productivity and livelihoods.

Unusual Snowfall in Gambela

On January 28, 2023, an unprecedented snowfall occurred in Gambela, Ethiopia, a region renowned for its tropical climate. The snowfall, reportedly the first in over a century, blanketed the ground with up to 5 centimeters of snow, leaving residents astonished and capturing global attention. The snowfall, fueled by a cold front from the north and unusually heavy rainfall, persisted for several hours. Locals took to the streets, marveling at the rare sight and capturing images of the snow-covered landscape.

Impact and Response

The snowfall disrupted daily life in Gambela, as roads became impassable and schools closed. However, authorities reacted swiftly to mitigate the impact. Snowplows were deployed to clear the roads, and the Ethiopian Red Cross distributed blankets and food to affected communities. Despite the inconveniences, the snowfall was widely celebrated as a unique and memorable event. Residents reveled in the novelty of the experience, sharing their photos and videos on social media. The snowfall also highlighted the adaptability of Gambela’s residents, who have traditionally faced extreme weather conditions, including flooding and drought.

Sun’s Position and Duration in Gambela

Gambela, located in western Ethiopia, experiences a tropical climate characterized by intense sunlight throughout the year. The sun’s position is directly overhead or nearly so for most of the day, resulting in high solar radiation and long daylight hours. During the summer months (March to May), the sun rises around 6:00 AM and sets around 7:00 PM, providing approximately 13 hours of daylight. In the winter months (November to February), the days are slightly shorter, with sunrise occurring around 6:30 AM and sunset around 6:30 PM, resulting in about 12 hours of daylight.

Impact on Local Life and Economy

The abundant sunshine in Gambela has a significant impact on the daily lives and economic activities of the local population. The intense solar radiation provides natural light and warmth, reducing the need for artificial lighting and heating. Many households utilize solar panels to generate electricity, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy source. The agricultural sector benefits from the ample sunlight, as farmers can cultivate crops year-round. The tourism industry also thrives due to the predictable sunny weather, attracting visitors seeking a tropical getaway. The combination of long daylight hours and abundant solar energy contributes to the overall well-being and economic development of the Gambela region.

Moonrise and Moonset Times

The moonrise and moonset times in Gambela, Ethiopia, vary throughout the month due to the Earth’s rotation and the moon’s orbit around Earth. The moon rises and sets approximately 50 minutes later each day. For instance, if the moon rises at 6:00 PM on one day, it will rise at approximately 6:50 PM the following day. Similarly, the moonset time shifts back by about 50 minutes daily.

Moon Phase Visibility

The moon’s appearance in Gambela changes throughout the month as it orbits Earth. The different phases of the moon are determined by the angle at which sunlight reflects off the moon’s surface and is visible from Earth. During the new moon phase, the moon is not visible from Gambela. As the moon progresses through its phases, it gradually becomes more visible until the full moon phase, when the entire face of the moon is illuminated. After the full moon, the visible portion of the moon decreases until it reaches the new moon phase again. The duration of each moon phase is approximately two to three days.

Rainfall in Gambela, Ethiopia

Gambela, Ethiopia experiences significant rainfall throughout the year. The rainy season typically begins in April and lasts until October, with the peak rainfall occurring in July and August. During this period, Gambela receives an average of over 1,000 mm (39 inches) of rain. The rainfall is often heavy and can lead to flooding in low-lying areas. The average annual rainfall in Gambela is over 1,500 mm (59 inches).

Temperature in Gambela, Ethiopia

Gambela, Ethiopia has a tropical climate with hot and humid conditions throughout the year. The average annual temperature is around 27°C (81°F). The hottest months are March and April, with average temperatures reaching up to 32°C (90°F). The coldest months are December and January, with average temperatures dropping to around 22°C (72°F). The high humidity levels in Gambela make the heat feel even more oppressive, especially during the rainy season.

Wind Patterns in Gambela, Ethiopia

Gambela, a city located in western Ethiopia, experiences a distinct wind pattern characterized by moderate to strong winds throughout the year. During the dry season, from November to April, the prevailing wind direction is from the northeast, bringing warm and dry air from the Arabian Peninsula. These winds, known as northeasterly trade winds, can reach speeds of up to 25 kilometers per hour (16 miles per hour).

Seasonal Variations

During the wet season, from May to October, the wind patterns shift and become more variable. The southwesterly monsoon winds bring moisture and rainfall from the Indian Ocean, resulting in an increase in wind speed and gusts. These monsoon winds can reach speeds of up to 35 kilometers per hour (22 miles per hour) and can bring heavy rainfall, particularly during the months of July and August. Additionally, local thunderstorms and convective currents can produce gusty winds and sudden changes in wind direction, making the wind patterns in Gambela unpredictable during the wet season.

Dry Season (November-March)

The dry season in Gambela offers the most ideal conditions for exploration. During this period, the rains subside, leaving behind pleasant temperatures averaging around 25°C (77°F). The clear skies and minimal precipitation provide optimal visibility for wildlife viewing and outdoor activities. The Baro and Gilo rivers, which flow through the region, are at their lowest levels, making it easier to spot hippos and crocodiles. The reduced water levels also allow for more comfortable and safe boat safaris.

Wet Season (April-October)

The wet season in Gambela brings abundant rainfall and lush greenery. While this may make the region less ideal for wildlife viewing, it transforms it into a verdant paradise. The rain-fed wetlands and grasslands become vibrant with various bird species, including migratory ones from Europe and Asia. It’s a haven for ornithologists and nature enthusiasts who want to observe a diverse array of birdlife. The increased water levels in the rivers also provide opportunities for exciting white-water rafting and kayaking adventures, making the wet season an alternative but equally enthralling time to visit Gambela.

Solar Energy Potential in Gambela, Ethiopia

Gambela, a region in western Ethiopia, boasts immense solar energy potential, with an average daily solar irradiance of over 6 kWh/m2. This abundant resource presents significant opportunities for harnessing solar energy to meet the region’s growing energy needs. The Gambela region experiences long hours of sunshine throughout the year, making it ideal for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Additionally, the relatively low cost of solar PV modules has made solar energy an economically viable option for rural electrification and off-grid applications.

Benefits of Solar Energy in Gambela

Harnessing solar energy in Gambela offers several benefits. Firstly, it can improve access to electricity in rural areas, where grid infrastructure is often lacking. Solar PV systems can provide power to communities, households, and businesses, enabling them to engage in economic activities, improve healthcare, and enhance education. Secondly, solar energy can reduce reliance on fossil fuels, contributing to environmental sustainability and mitigating climate change. By displacing diesel generators, solar PV systems reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Furthermore, solar energy can enhance grid stability by providing decentralized and intermittent renewable energy sources, complementing conventional electricity generation.

Elevation and Topography

Gambela is situated in western Ethiopia within the Lower Baro Basin. The region exhibits a relatively flat topography, with elevations generally ranging between 400 and 600 meters above sea level. The landscape is characterized by a vast floodplain created by the Baro, Akobo, and Gilo rivers, which converge near the town of Gambela. These rivers have deposited fertile alluvial soils, making the area suitable for agriculture. Despite its predominantly flat terrain, the region does feature some isolated hills, notably the Yabus and Wata hills.

Hydrology

The hydrology of Gambela is dominated by the Baro, Akobo, and Gilo rivers. The Baro River, a tributary of the Nile, is the main river system in the region. It originates in the highlands of western Ethiopia and enters Gambela from the east. The Akobo River, a tributary of the White Nile, flows southwest from the highlands of southeastern Ethiopia and joins the Baro River near the town of Gambela. The Gilo River, also a tributary of the Nile, flows northwest from the highlands of southwestern Ethiopia and meets the Baro River downstream from the confluence of the Baro and Akobo rivers. These rivers provide a vital source of water for irrigation, drinking, and transportation. Additionally, the region contains numerous smaller streams, lakes, and wetlands, which support a diverse array of flora and fauna.

Gambela Airport

Gambela Airport (GMB) is the primary airport serving Gambela, the capital city of the Gambela Region in western Ethiopia. It is located approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) southwest of the city center. The airport has a single asphalt runway, designated 06/24, which measures 2,250 meters (7,382 feet) in length. Gambela Airport is operated by the Ethiopian Airports Enterprise and handles both domestic and international flights.

Domestic destinations served by Gambela Airport include Addis Ababa, Jima, Mizan Teferi, and Nekemte. International destinations include Nairobi, Kenya, and Juba, South Sudan. The airport is a hub for humanitarian and relief flights, as Gambela is a major entry point for refugees and aid workers.

Geography and Climate

Gambela is a town in western Ethiopia, situated near the border with South Sudan. It is the capital of the Gambela Region and the administrative center of Anuak Zone. Gambela lies on the Baro River, a tributary of the Nile River, and is surrounded by agricultural land. The region has a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season lasts from April to October, while the dry season extends from November to March. Temperatures are high throughout the year, averaging between 25°C to 35°C (77°F to 95°F).

Population and Economy

Gambela has a population of approximately 100,000 people, making it the largest town in western Ethiopia. The majority of the population is Anuak, a Nilotic ethnic group, although there are also significant numbers of Nuer, Dinka, and Oromo communities. The primary economic activity in Gambela is agriculture, with the main crops being sorghum, maize, groundnuts, and sesame. The town is also a center for livestock trading and fishing. Additionally, Gambela has a small but growing tourism sector, with visitors attracted to the region’s natural beauty, wildlife, and archaeological sites.