Fukushima Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Japan

Spring (March – May)

Fukushima’s spring season is characterized by mild temperatures and pleasant weather. Average temperatures range from a comfortable 10°C in March to a warm 18°C in May. As the season progresses, the lush greenery of the surrounding mountains and forests comes to life, making it an ideal time for outdoor activities such as hiking and picnics. Spring showers are not uncommon, but they typically do not last long. With an average rainfall of around 60mm per month, the weather remains relatively dry and allows for plenty of sunshine.

Summer (June – August)

Summer in Fukushima is hot and humid, with average temperatures reaching a peak of 27°C in August. The high humidity levels can make the heat feel even more oppressive, especially during the afternoon hours. The summer months are also the wettest time of year, with an average rainfall of around 150mm per month. Thunderstorms and heavy downpours are common, and visitors should be prepared for occasional flooding. Despite the heat and humidity, summer is a popular time to visit Fukushima for its many festivals and outdoor events.

Monthly Average Temperatures

Fukushima, Japan experiences a temperate climate with marked seasonal variations. Summers are generally warm and humid, with average temperatures ranging from 18°C (64°F) in May to 28°C (82°F) in August. Winters, on the other hand, are cool and dry, with average temperatures dropping below freezing in January to as low as -1°C (30°F). Spring and autumn bring mild and pleasant weather, with temperatures hovering around 15°C (59°F) in April and October and 20-25°C (68-77°F) in May and September.

Annual Temperature Variations

Overall, Fukushima’s annual temperature variations are significant, with a difference of approximately 29°C (52°F) between the warmest and coldest months. The city enjoys pleasant weather for much of the year, with a comfortable average temperature of 12°C (54°F). However, extreme temperature events can occur during certain seasons, such as heatwaves in summer and cold snaps in winter. These variations should be taken into account when planning a visit or outdoor activities.

Contaminated Clouds

In the aftermath of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011, radioactive particles were released into the atmosphere, forming contaminated clouds. These clouds traveled over Japan and beyond, depositing radioactive material in various regions. The government conducted extensive monitoring and cleanup efforts to mitigate the impact of radiation exposure. Studies have shown that the radiation levels in the affected areas have generally decreased over time, although certain areas still require ongoing monitoring and remediation.

Health Implications

The health implications of the contaminated clouds on the general population remain a concern. While the radiation levels were not considered immediately life-threatening, long-term exposure to low doses of radiation can increase the risk of certain health conditions, such as cancer. Thyroid cancer has been a particular focus of concern, as the thyroid gland is especially sensitive to radioactive iodine. The government has implemented screening programs to monitor thyroid health and provide medical support to those affected. However, the long-term health effects of the contaminated clouds are still being studied, and ongoing research is crucial to assess the full extent of the potential health risks and inform policy decisions.

Seasonal Precipitation

Fukushima, Japan, experiences a temperate, humid climate with distinct seasonal variations in precipitation. The wettest season is summer, typically from June to September, when the region is influenced by the warm and moist East Asian monsoon. During this period, heavy rainfall events, sometimes associated with typhoons or monsoonal depressions, can bring significant amounts of precipitation to the area. The winter months, from December to March, are the driest, with less than half the precipitation received during the summer.

Annual Precipitation and Variability

The average annual precipitation in Fukushima is approximately 1,500 millimeters (59 inches). However, precipitation can vary significantly from year to year due to the influence of large-scale climate patterns, such as El Niño and La Niña. During El Niño events, which typically occur every 2-7 years, precipitation tends to be below average in Fukushima, while La Niña events are associated with above-average rainfall. Additionally, short-term weather events, such as thunderstorms or localized atmospheric disturbances, can also contribute to variability in precipitation patterns.

Monthly Rainfall Patterns

Fukushima, Japan, experiences distinct monthly rainfall patterns throughout the year. During the winter months (December to February), precipitation is relatively low, averaging around 40-50 mm per month. However, as spring approaches, rainfall gradually increases, reaching a peak in June and July, when monthly totals can exceed 200 mm. This increase is attributed to the influence of the summer monsoon, which brings humid and unstable air from the Pacific Ocean. Intense rainfall events, including thunderstorms and typhoons, are common during this period.

Seasonal Distribution and Variability

Rainfall in Fukushima exhibits a clear seasonal distribution, with most of the precipitation occurring during the warm, humid months from May to September. During this time, the southwest winds associated with the monsoon bring ample moisture to the region, leading to frequent rainfall and occasional heavy downpours. In contrast, the winter months (December to February) are typically dry, with rainfall often falling as snow due to the cold temperatures. The annual rainfall in Fukushima varies considerably from year to year, influenced by factors such as the timing and intensity of the summer monsoon and the occurrence of tropical cyclones.

Historical Snowfall and Impacts

Fukushima, Japan, has experienced notable snowfall throughout its history. In 2021, it witnessed its heaviest snowfall in 50 years, with over 90 cm (35 inches) accumulating in just 24 hours. The heavy snow caused widespread disruptions, including road closures, power outages, and even the cancellation of train services. Snow removal operations were overwhelmed, leaving many areas impassable.

The heavy snowfall also had a significant impact on agriculture and infrastructure. Many crops were damaged or destroyed, leading to financial losses for farmers. The weight of the snow caused the collapse of several buildings and greenhouses, adding to the infrastructure damage. In addition to the short-term impacts, the snowmelt during the following days posed a risk of flooding and landslides, requiring continued monitoring and emergency preparedness.

Solar Radiation in Fukushima, Japan

Fukushima, Japan, is located in a temperate climate with distinct seasons. The city receives a significant amount of solar radiation throughout the year, with an average of over 4.5 kWh/m²/day. The highest levels of solar radiation are observed during the summer months, from June to August, when the city receives an average of over 5.5 kWh/m²/day. During the winter months, from December to February, the levels of solar radiation decrease to an average of around 3 kWh/m²/day.

Impact of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster on Solar Energy

The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011 had a significant impact on the development of solar energy in Japan. The disaster raised concerns about the safety of nuclear power and led to a shift in focus towards renewable energy sources, including solar energy. The Japanese government introduced various policies and incentives to promote the adoption of solar energy, resulting in a rapid growth in the industry. As a result, Fukushima Prefecture has become one of the leading regions in Japan for solar energy development, with numerous solar farms and installations established in the years following the disaster.

Impact on Nuclear Power Plant

The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster, triggered by the massive earthquake and tsunami in 2011, released large amounts of radioactive materials into the environment, including the ocean. Radioactive isotopes were carried by ocean currents, contaminating marine ecosystems. The presence of radioactive particles in fish and seafood led to restrictions on fishing and the consumption of local marine products. The long-term effects of nuclear contamination on ocean life and human health are still being studied and monitored.

Environmental Consequences

The tsunami also had a significant impact on the natural environment. It washed away forests, eroded beaches, and altered coastal ecosystems. The influx of seawater into wetlands and estuaries changed salinity levels, affecting the distribution and survival of plants and animals. Furthermore, the release of radioactive materials and the use of chemicals in the cleanup efforts introduced additional contaminants into the environment, raising concerns about their potential effects on wildlife and human health.

Seasonal Humidity Variations

Fukushima, Japan experiences marked seasonal variations in humidity due to its subtropical climate. During the warm and humid summer months from June to September, the average relative humidity hovers around 80%. The moist air from the Pacific Ocean contributes to the oppressive feeling, making outdoor activities uncomfortable. By contrast, winter brings drier conditions, with relative humidity dipping to an average of 55% from December to February. The cold, dry air is influenced by the Siberian high-pressure system.

Diurnal Humidity Patterns

Throughout the year, Fukushima’s humidity typically follows a diurnal pattern. During the early morning, humidity is at its highest, often reaching saturation point. As the sun rises and temperatures increase, evaporation increases, reducing the relative humidity. In the afternoon, humidity levels stabilize around 60-70% before climbing again towards the evening. The coastal area of Fukushima tends to have higher humidity levels compared to inland areas due to the proximity to the Pacific Ocean.

Wind Patterns in Fukushima, Japan

Fukushima, Japan, is situated along the eastern coast of the country and is subject to a range of wind patterns influenced by its geographical location. The prevailing wind direction in Fukushima is from the west or southwest, which results from the movement of high-pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean. These winds often bring clear and sunny weather to the region during the spring and summer months.

During the winter months, Fukushima occasionally experiences strong northerly winds, known as the “Yamase.” These winds originate from Siberia and carry cold and humid air across the Sea of Japan. As the Yamase winds approach the Fukushima coast, they encounter warmer ocean temperatures, resulting in heavy snowfall and frigid conditions. These winds can significantly impact daily life and transportation in the region.

Spring (March-May):

Fukushima bursts into life during spring, with vibrant cherry blossoms painting the landscapes in soft hues of pink and white. The region is home to numerous cherry blossom viewing spots, including the majestic Nihonmatsu Castle and the picturesque Lake Goshikinuma. The weather in spring is generally mild and pleasant, making it ideal for outdoor activities such as hiking and cycling.

Autumn (September-November):

Autumn transforms Fukushima into a vibrant mosaic of colors. The foliage turns into fiery shades of red, orange, and yellow, creating a stunning spectacle. The Aizu region is particularly renowned for its breathtaking autumn leaves, with mountainsides ablaze in a kaleidoscope of hues. The weather in autumn is crisp and cool, making it perfect for tranquil walks through nature. Visitors can also enjoy seasonal delicacies such as chestnuts and mushrooms.

Fukushima’s Solar Energy Potential

Following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, Japan has made significant strides in transitioning to renewable energy sources. Solar energy has emerged as a promising alternative to nuclear power, particularly in the Fukushima region. The prefecture boasts abundant sunshine, with an average of over 1,400 hours of sunshine annually. This favorable solar irradiation, coupled with Japan’s commitment to promoting clean energy, makes Fukushima an ideal location for solar energy development.

Progress and Challenges

To capitalize on its solar potential, Fukushima has implemented ambitious plans to increase its solar capacity. Numerous solar farms and installations have been established throughout the prefecture, generating clean electricity for homes and businesses. The town of Namie, heavily affected by the nuclear disaster, has transformed itself into a “Solar Town,” hosting one of the largest solar power plants in Japan. However, challenges remain. Fukushima faces competition from other prefectures with similar solar resources. Additionally, the initial high investment costs associated with solar projects can pose a barrier to widespread adoption.

Tectonic Setting

Fukushima Prefecture in Japan is located within a complex tectonic setting, lying on the boundary between the Philippine Sea Plate and the North American Plate. This boundary is marked by a subduction zone, where the Philippine Sea Plate slides beneath the North American Plate. As the Philippine Sea Plate descends, it releases energy through earthquakes, which can sometimes trigger tsunamis. The topography of Fukushima is influenced by this tectonic setting, with the region featuring a series of deep-sea trenches, high mountain ranges, and volcanic peaks.

Mountains and Valleys

Fukushima is characterised by rugged terrain, with a series of mountain ranges running through the prefecture. The most notable of these is the Abukuma Highlands, which extend across the central part of Fukushima. These mountains are formed from ancient metamorphic and igneous rocks, and their peaks reach elevations of over 1,000 metres. The Abukuma Highlands are bounded by a series of deep valleys, including the Aizu Basin in the west and the Fukushima Basin in the east. These valleys are fertile and support agriculture, with rice farming being a major industry in the region.

Fukushima Airport (FUK)

Fukushima Airport, also known as Fukushima Raifuku Airport, is the primary airport serving the Fukushima Prefecture in Japan. Located approximately 10 kilometers north of the city of Fukushima, the airport offers domestic flights to major cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya. It is a convenient transportation hub for both business and leisure travelers visiting the Fukushima region.

The airport features a single terminal with modern amenities, including a range of restaurants, shops, and currency exchange services. Ground transportation options include shuttle buses and car rentals, providing easy access to various destinations within the prefecture. With its central location and efficient operations, Fukushima Airport plays a vital role in the tourism and economic development of the Fukushima area.

Other Nearby Airports

In addition to Fukushima Airport, there are several neighboring airports that may be considered for travelers visiting the Fukushima region. Sendai Airport (SDJ), located approximately 60 kilometers north of Fukushima City, offers domestic and international flights. Iwaki Airport (IWK), located approximately 50 kilometers south of Fukushima City, also provides domestic flights to major cities. Depending on the specific destination and travel preferences, these alternative airports may be suitable options for accessing the Fukushima Prefecture.

Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster

On March 11, 2011, a massive earthquake and subsequent tsunami struck the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Fukushima, Japan. The tsunami breached the plant’s seawalls, causing significant damage to the cooling systems and ultimately leading to a series of hydrogen explosions and reactor meltdowns. The disaster released large amounts of radioactive material into the environment, contaminating over 1,200 square kilometers of land and displacing tens of thousands of residents. The cleanup and recovery efforts are ongoing, and the full extent of the environmental and health impacts of the disaster is still being assessed.

Aftermath and Legacy

The Fukushima disaster had profound consequences not only for Japan but also for the global nuclear industry. It sparked widespread concerns about the safety of nuclear power and led to a sharp decline in new nuclear construction projects worldwide. In Japan, it prompted a thorough review of nuclear safety regulations and a reassessment of the country’s energy policies. The disaster also highlighted the importance of disaster preparedness and emergency response, as well as the need for international cooperation in managing nuclear accidents. The legacy of Fukushima continues to shape debates about the future of nuclear energy and the responsibilities of nuclear plant operators in ensuring the well-being of communities and the environment.