Eldoret Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Kenya
Rainy Season (March to May):
Eldoret experiences a distinct rainy season that spans from March to May. During this period, heavy rainfall is prevalent, with average monthly precipitation ranging from 150 to 250 millimeters. The persistent showers can cause flooding in low-lying areas and hinder outdoor activities. However, the lush vegetation that accompanies the season transforms the landscape into a vibrant tapestry of green, creating a picturesque scene.
Dry Season (June to February):
The dry season in Eldoret stretches from June to February. Although rainfall still occurs during this period, it is significantly less frequent and intense compared to the rainy season. The average monthly precipitation drops to as low as 50 millimeters, resulting in sunnier and drier conditions. The dry season is an ideal time for outdoor activities and attracts visitors seeking warm and pleasant weather. Temperatures during the day typically reach the high 20s or low 30s Celsius, with comfortable evenings that cool down to the mid-teens.
Climatic Factors Influencing Temperature
Eldoret, located in western Kenya, experiences a tropical savanna climate characterized by warm, humid weather. The city’s altitude, approximately 2,100 meters above sea level, plays a significant role in moderating its temperatures. The higher altitude results in cooler temperatures, particularly at night. Additionally, the city’s proximity to the equator ensures consistent sunlight throughout the year, contributing to its relatively stable temperatures.
Monthly Temperature Variations
Eldoret’s average monthly temperatures range between 17°C and 25°C (63°F and 77°F). The warmest months are January and February, when temperatures can reach up to 28°C (82°F) during the day. The coldest month is July, with average temperatures dropping to around 15°C (59°F) at night. The city experiences two distinct rainy seasons, with the long rains falling from March to May and the short rains from October to November. During these periods, temperatures tend to be cooler and more humid.
Cloud Formation in Eldoret
Eldoret, located in the western highlands of Kenya, experiences various cloud formations due to its unique geographical location. The city lies within the equatorial region, characterized by warm and humid conditions that favor cloud development. The presence of the Great Rift Valley escarpment to the west creates orographic lifting, where moist air is forced to rise as it encounters the sloping terrain. This upward motion leads to cooling and condensation, resulting in the formation of clouds.
Types of Clouds Observed
The most common cloud type observed in Eldoret is cumulus, characterized by puffy, detached clouds that resemble cotton balls. These clouds typically form during the daytime due to convective heating, where warm air rises and creates updrafts. Cumulus clouds can range in size from small and isolated to larger, anvil-shaped formations. During the rainy season, cumulonimbus clouds are also prevalent, bringing heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. These clouds are towering and vertically developed, with their anvil-shaped tops reaching high altitudes. Cirrus clouds, thin and wispy, are often present at higher elevations, indicating stable atmospheric conditions.
Monthly Precipitation Patterns
Eldoret, Kenya, experiences two distinct rainy seasons: March to May and October to December. During these periods, the city receives the bulk of its annual precipitation. The wettest months are typically April and November, with an average rainfall of over 200 millimeters each. Conversely, the driest months are January and February, with average rainfall of less than 50 millimeters.
Annual Precipitation and Variability
Eldoret’s annual precipitation varies significantly from year to year, but averages around 1,000 millimeters. The driest year on record (1981) received only 600 millimeters of rainfall, while the wettest year (1961) received over 1,500 millimeters. This variability is largely due to fluctuations in the intensity and duration of the rainy seasons, which are influenced by regional and global climate patterns.
Rainfall Patterns
Eldoret, Kenya, experiences two main rainy seasons: the long rains from March to May and the short rains from October to December. The amount and distribution of rainfall vary considerably within the year, with the wettest months being April and November. Annual rainfall averages range from 1,100 to 1,300 mm, with higher amounts received in the hilly western regions and lower amounts in the eastern plains.
Rainfall Variability
Rainfall in Eldoret is highly variable from year to year. This variability is influenced by a combination of factors, including the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). During El Niño years, rainfall tends to be lower than average, while during La Niña years, rainfall is typically higher. The IOD also affects rainfall, with positive phases leading to wetter conditions and negative phases leading to drier conditions. Additionally, changes in land cover and climate change may be contributing to increased rainfall variability in recent years.
Prevailing Climate and Geography
Eldoret, a city situated in the western highlands of Kenya, lies approximately 2,100 meters above sea level. The region experiences a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 17 degrees Celsius (62.6 degrees Fahrenheit). Due to its elevation and geographical location, snowfall is a rare occurrence in Eldoret.
Isolated Snowfall Events
Historically, there have been a few isolated snowfall events reported in Eldoret. In July 2017, residents witnessed a light dusting of snow that melted within hours. Similarly, in June 2022, a brief hail and snowstorm occurred in the city, causing temporary disruption and amusement among locals. These isolated snowfall occurrences are typically associated with unusual weather patterns, such as sudden drops in temperature or thunderstorms. While not as common as in mountainous regions, such snowfall events can surprise and fascinate residents of Eldoret when they do occur.
Sunrise and Sunset Times
Eldoret experiences varying sunrise and sunset times throughout the year due to its location near the equator. During the summer months (June to September), the sun rises around 6:15 AM and sets around 6:30 PM. In the winter months (November to March), sunrise occurs approximately 15 minutes later, around 6:30 AM, and sunset occurs around 6:15 PM. These times provide approximately 12 hours of daylight during both summer and winter.
Solar Radiation and Intensity
Eldoret receives a significant amount of solar radiation throughout the year, particularly during the dry seasons (December to March and June to September). The average daily solar radiation ranges from approximately 5 kWh/m² during the wet seasons (April to May and October to November) to 6.5 kWh/m² during the dry seasons. The high levels of solar radiation contribute to Eldoret’s generally warm climate and provide ample opportunities for solar energy utilization, such as solar water heaters and photovoltaic systems.
Visibility and Appearance:
The moon’s visibility and appearance in Eldoret, Kenya, vary depending on the lunar phase and weather conditions. During a new moon, the moon is invisible as it lies between the Earth and the sun. As it progresses through its waxing phases, it becomes more visible as a thin crescent in the evening sky. During a full moon, the entire lunar disk is illuminated and appears as a bright circle in the night sky. The moon’s appearance can also be affected by clouds, with overcast conditions often obscuring its view.
Impact on Local Culture and Tradition:
The moon has played a significant role in the culture and traditions of the Kalenjin people, the dominant ethnic group in Eldoret. The moon is often associated with fertility and harvest. During the new moon, traditional dances and rituals are performed to bless the land and ensure a bountiful harvest. The full moon is also a time for celebration and gathering, with community elders sharing tales of past events and wisdom. Additionally, the moon is used for navigation and timekeeping.
Seasonal Humidity Patterns
Eldoret, Kenya experiences contrasting humidity patterns throughout the year. During the dry seasons, from December to March and June to September, humidity levels tend to be lower. This is attributed to the influence of the dry and cooler winds blowing from the northeast and southeast. During these periods, relative humidity typically ranges between 40% and 60%.
In contrast, the rainy seasons, from April to May and October to November, witness a surge in humidity. This is due to the influx of moist air from the Indian Ocean and the increased precipitation. Relative humidity levels often soar above 70%, creating a muggy and uncomfortable atmosphere. The high humidity during these seasons can be attributed to the increased water vapor present in the air.
Effects of Altitude on Humidity
Eldoret is situated at an altitude of approximately 2,100 meters (6,900 feet) above sea level. This elevated location has a notable impact on the humidity levels experienced in the region. As altitude increases, the air becomes less dense, which in turn reduces its capacity to hold water vapor. Consequently, the relative humidity tends to be lower in Eldoret than in areas at sea level.
However, it’s important to note that even though the average humidity levels may be lower due to altitude, the humidity can still fluctuate significantly depending on the season and weather conditions. During periods of heavy rainfall or when moist air from the Indian Ocean is drawn into the region, the humidity levels can rise substantially, even at high altitudes.
Seasonal Wind Patterns
Eldoret, Kenya, experiences distinct seasonal wind patterns due to its location at the intersection of multiple global circulation systems. During the Northern Hemisphere winter (October-March), the dominant wind direction is northeasterly, bringing in dry, continental air masses from the Sahara Desert. These winds are associated with the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) southward, resulting in decreased rainfall and a period of dry, sunny weather known as the “long rains.”
During the Northern Hemisphere summer (April-September), the wind direction shifts to southwesterly, bringing in moisture-laden air from the Indian Ocean. These winds are associated with the northward movement of the ITCZ, leading to increased rainfall during the “short rains.” The wind speed during these months is generally stronger, particularly in the afternoon and early evening, due to thermal updrafts and local land-sea breeze circulations.
Influence of Topography
The topography of the surrounding region also plays a significant role in shaping the wind patterns in Eldoret. The city is located on the western slopes of the Cherangani Hills, which acts as a natural barrier to the northeasterly winds. This causes the winds to descend and warm as they cross the hills, resulting in a phenomenon known as “foehn winds.” These winds can be particularly strong and warm during the dry season, contributing to the dry and sunny conditions. Additionally, the presence of Lake Victoria to the southwest influences the local wind patterns, creating a convergence zone that enhances rainfall during the wet season.
The Dry Season (June to October)
Eldoret’s dry season is characterized by warm to hot temperatures and little to no rainfall. This period offers ideal conditions for outdoor activities such as hiking, biking, and game drives. The lack of precipitation ensures clear skies and excellent visibility, making it an optimal time to visit for panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. Inoltre, the cooler nights during the dry season provide a welcome respite from the daytime heat.
The Rainy Season (March to May)
The rainy season in Eldoret brings heavy rainfall and occasional thunderstorms. While this may limit some outdoor activities, the lush greenery that emerges during this time creates a stunning natural spectacle. The verdant fields, vibrant flowers, and swollen rivers provide ample opportunities for nature enthusiasts and photographers to capture the region’s beauty. Rain showers often provide a refreshing contrast to the warm days, creating a pleasant and invigorating atmosphere.
Current and Future Potential of Solar Energy in Eldoret
Eldoret, located near the equator in Kenya, boasts abundant sunshine throughout the year, making it an ideal region for solar energy development. The city has made significant strides in harnessing this renewable resource, with numerous solar photovoltaic (PV) projects contributing to its energy mix. However, there remains vast untapped potential for solar energy in Eldoret, offering opportunities for further growth and economic development.
Environmental and Socioeconomic Benefits of Solar Energy
The adoption of solar energy in Eldoret brings several environmental and socioeconomic benefits. By reducing reliance on fossil fuels, solar energy contributes to mitigating air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. It also enhances energy independence and resilience, reducing reliance on costly imports and fluctuating fuel prices. Furthermore, the development of solar projects creates employment opportunities in the construction, maintenance, and operation phases, contributing to local economic growth. The clean and sustainable nature of solar energy aligns with Kenya’s national goals for transitioning to renewable energy and achieving climate resilience.
Topography of Eldoret, Kenya
Eldoret, a city situated in western Kenya, is characterized by a varied topography that includes flat plains, rolling hills, and volcanic remnants. The city sits on a plateau that rises gradually from east to west, with an elevation ranging from 1,950 to 2,100 meters above sea level. The surrounding terrain is predominantly flat, with gentle slopes that provide panoramic views of the city and its environs. The Kerio Valley, located approximately 20 kilometers to the west of Eldoret, marks a significant geological feature and contributes to the diverse landscape of the region.
The volcanic origins of Eldoret are evident in the presence of two prominent hills: Kipkaren and Kaptagat. Kipkaren Hill, standing at an altitude of 2,300 meters, is a dormant volcano that dominates the eastern skyline of the city. Its rugged slopes and verdant vegetation make it a popular hiking destination for locals and visitors alike. Kaptagat Hill, situated to the northwest of Kipkaren, is a smaller but equally impressive volcanic remnant that adds to the scenic beauty of the Eldoret landscape. Its rolling slopes and lush vegetation provide a picturesque backdrop to the city’s outskirts.
Eldoret International Airport (EDL)
Eldoret International Airport, locally known as Moi International Airport, is the primary airport serving the city of Eldoret and its surrounding region in western Kenya. Located approximately 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) from the city center, the airport is a vital transportation hub for domestic and regional flights. It features a modern terminal building with essential facilities such as check-in counters, baggage claim, duty-free shops, and a food court. EDL is well-connected by road and public transport, making it accessible to passengers arriving and departing from Eldoret.
Other Nearby Airports
In addition to Eldoret International Airport, there are several other airports located within a reasonable distance of Eldoret. These include:
- Kisumu International Airport (KIS): Located approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles) to the west of Eldoret, Kisumu International Airport serves the city of Kisumu and the surrounding Lake Victoria region. It offers domestic and regional flights, including connections to major cities in Kenya.
- Kakamega Airport (KMV): Situated approximately 90 kilometers (56 miles) to the south of Eldoret, Kakamega Airport is a smaller regional airport that primarily serves the Kakamega County area. It offers limited domestic flights and is a potential option for travelers looking for alternative airports in the vicinity of Eldoret.
Lifestyle and Amenities
Eldoret offers a vibrant and cosmopolitan lifestyle. As the fifth-largest city in Kenya, it boasts a thriving commercial district, upscale shopping malls, and lively entertainment venues. Residents can enjoy a wide range of cuisines at international restaurants and local eateries. The city is also home to several schools, universities, and hospitals, providing excellent educational and healthcare facilities. Additionally, Eldoret is well-connected by road and air, making it accessible from other parts of the country and beyond.
Outdoor Recreation and Natural Beauty
Despite its urban character, Eldoret is surrounded by stunning natural landscapes. The Cherangani Hills, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, lie to the west of the city, offering breathtaking hiking and camping opportunities. The nearby Saiwa Swamp National Park is a sanctuary for rare bird species, including the endangered sitatunga antelope. Kaptagat Forest, located just outside of Eldoret, is a serene picnic spot with picturesque trails for nature enthusiasts. The city also boasts a vibrant running and fitness culture, with the Eldoret Sports Club hosting renowned track and field events that attract athletes from around the world.