Elazig Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Turkey
Summer
Elazig experiences hot and dry summers with average temperatures ranging from 22°C (72°F) in June to 30°C (86°F) in July and August. The city receives minimal rainfall during these months, with an average of only 10-15 mm per month. The humidity levels are generally low, making the heat more bearable. However, occasional heatwaves can bring temperatures soaring to over 40°C (104°F).
Winter
Winters in Elazig are cold and snowy, with average temperatures hovering around 0°C (32°F) in December and January. The city experiences frequent snowfall, and snow cover can last for several weeks at a time. Average precipitation during the winter months ranges from 30-40 mm per month. The humidity levels are generally higher during this time, making the cold feel more penetrating. Temperatures can occasionally drop below -10°C (14°F), particularly at night.
Winter Averages in Elazig
Elazig, Turkey has cold, snowy winters with average temperatures ranging from -2°C (28°F) in January to 2°C (36°F) in February. Nighttime temperatures often drop below freezing, and snow is common throughout the season. The city experiences an average of 60 cm (24 in) of snowfall per year, with some years seeing even more. The combination of cold temperatures and snowfall can make it challenging to get around during the winter months.
Summer Averages in Elazig
In contrast to its cold winters, Elazig has warm, dry summers. The average temperature in July is 28°C (82°F), and the humidity is typically low. The city receives an average of 20 cm (8 in) of rain per year, most of which falls during the winter and spring months. The long, hot summers are ideal for outdoor activities, and the city’s parks and gardens are popular destinations for locals and tourists alike.
Cloud Types and Patterns in Elazig, Turkey
Elazig, Turkey experiences a diverse range of cloud types throughout the year. During the summer months, the skies are often dominated by cumulus clouds, which appear as puffy cotton balls. These clouds form at low altitudes and can be associated with fair weather or light rain. As the day progresses, cumulus clouds may develop into towering cumulonimbus clouds, which can produce thunderstorms and hail.
In the spring and autumn, Elazig encounters a mix of cloud types, including stratus, altostratus, and cirrus clouds. Stratus clouds form a uniform gray layer that covers the entire sky, often resulting in overcast conditions. Altostratus clouds are similar to stratus clouds but appear at higher altitudes. Cirrus clouds, on the other hand, are thin, wispy clouds that are composed of ice crystals. They are the highest clouds in the atmosphere and often indicate fair weather.
Cloud Climatology and Weather Patterns in Elazig, Turkey
The cloud cover in Elazig follows a seasonal pattern. The summer months are characterized by the highest cloud cover, with an average of 60-70%. This is due to the increased moisture and convective activity during the warm season. In contrast, the winter months have the lowest cloud cover, with an average of 20-30%. This is because the colder temperatures reduce moisture availability and inhibit cloud formation.
The cloud cover in Elazig also affects the local weather patterns. During the summer months, the high cloud cover can provide some relief from the intense heat by blocking out the sun’s rays. However, it can also lead to increased humidity and occasional thunderstorms. In the winter months, the low cloud cover allows the sun’s heat to reach the ground more easily, resulting in milder temperatures. However, it can also lead to fog and frost.
Monthly Precipitation Distribution
Elazig, Turkey, experiences a relatively dry climate with a mean annual precipitation of around 450 mm. The precipitation is distributed unevenly throughout the year, with most of it falling during the winter and spring months. The wettest month is March, with an average precipitation of 65 mm, while the driest month is August, with an average precipitation of only 15 mm.
Seasonal Precipitation Patterns
The precipitation in Elazig follows a distinct seasonal pattern. During the winter months (December to March), the precipitation is predominantly in the form of snow, with occasional rain. The spring months (April to June) are characterized by frequent rainfall, with thunderstorms becoming increasingly common. During the summer months (July to September), the precipitation is mostly limited to occasional thunderstorms or light showers. The autumn months (October to November) are typically dry, with only occasional light rain.
Annual Rainfall Pattern
Elazig, Turkey, experiences significant rainfall throughout the year, with variations in intensity and distribution across different seasons. The period from October to May is characterized by frequent and heavy rainfall, contributing to an annual average precipitation of around 700 mm. During these months, the region often experiences strong winds and thunderstorms that can bring sudden downpours. The wettest months are typically December and January, with average rainfall exceeding 100 mm each.
Seasonal Distribution
During the summer months, from June to September, the rainfall decreases noticeably, with average rainfall dropping below 30 mm per month. This dry season is influenced by the Mediterranean climate and the presence of the Taurus Mountains to the south, which block moisture-carrying winds from reaching the region. As a result, Elazig experiences hot and dry summers, with temperatures often exceeding 30°C. However, even during this drier period, occasional thunderstorms can bring unexpected rainfall.
Heavy Snowfall Paralyses Elazig
Elazig, a city in eastern Turkey, has been blanketed by heavy snowfall, causing widespread disruptions. The snowfall began on Friday and has continued relentlessly since then, reaching a depth of over 50 centimeters (20 inches) in some areas. The severe weather conditions have paralyzed the city, with roads being closed and public transportation suspended. Schools have been closed and many businesses have been forced to halt operations.
Emergency Services Overwhelmed
Emergency services are struggling to cope with the volume of calls as snow continues to fall. Rescue teams are working tirelessly to clear roads and assist stranded motorists. However, the sheer scale of the snowfall is making their efforts difficult. Hospitals are also facing a surge in patients as people seek treatment for injuries sustained in snow-related accidents. The intense cold and slippery conditions have also exacerbated health problems for the elderly and vulnerable populations.
Historical Significance of the Sun in Elazig
Elazig, a city in eastern Turkey, has a rich history that is closely intertwined with the sun. The ancient city of Harput, located in present-day Elazig, was known as “the city of the sun” due to its abundant sunlight. The sun was revered by the region’s ancient inhabitants, who built temples and altars to honor it. This reverence for the sun can still be seen in the city’s architecture, art, and traditions.
Contemporary Influence of the Sun
Today, the sun continues to play a significant role in the life of Elazig. The city’s economy relies heavily on agriculture, and the abundant sunshine provides ideal conditions for growing crops. The sun also attracts tourists to the region, who come to enjoy the city’s warm climate and beautiful sunsets. In addition, the sun is a source of inspiration for local artists, who incorporate it into their paintings, sculptures, and music. The sun is truly an integral part of Elazig’s identity and continues to shape its culture and economy.
Moonrise and Moonset
In Elazig, Turkey, the moon rises in the east and sets in the west, just like it does anywhere else on Earth. However, the exact time of moonrise and moonset varies throughout the year, depending on the time of year and the observer’s location. In general, the moon rises earlier and sets later in the summer months than in the winter months. The moon also rises and sets at different times in different parts of Elazig, depending on the elevation and the surrounding terrain. It is important to tell that the precise time of moonrise and moonset can be affected by atmospheric conditions, such as clouds and fog.
Moon Phases
The moon goes through a cycle of phases, from new moon to full moon and back again. The moon’s phase is determined by the angle at which the sun’s light reflects off the moon and reaches the Earth. During a new moon, the moon is not visible from Earth because it is between the Earth and the sun. During a full moon, the moon is fully illuminated by the sun and is visible all night long. The moon goes through its phases approximately every 29.5 days. In Elazig, Turkey, the moon phases are visible throughout the year, although they may be difficult to see during cloudy or foggy weather. It is also important to note that the moon’s appearance can vary depending on the time of year and the observer’s location.
Seasonal Humidity Variations
Elazig, Turkey experiences significant seasonal variations in humidity levels. During the summer months, from June to September, the average relative humidity is around 60-70%. This high humidity, combined with warm temperatures, can make the air feel muggy and uncomfortable. July stands out as the most humid month, with average relative humidity levels often exceeding 70%.
Annual Humidity Patterns
Over the course of the year, Elazig’s humidity levels follow a general pattern. Spring and autumn tend to have moderate humidity levels, with relative humidity ranging from 50-60%. During these seasons, the air is generally drier and more comfortable. In winter, from December to March, the humidity levels drop significantly, with average relative humidity values around 40-50%. However, due to Elazig’s location in an inland region, occasional snowfalls can increase the humidity temporarily.
Impact of Wind Speed and Direction on Energy Production and Agriculture
The wind regime in Elazig is characterized by moderate to strong seasonal variations. The prevailing wind direction is from the west, with an average speed of 5-7 m/s. During the winter months, stronger winds from the northwest and southwest are frequent, contributing to the region’s wind energy potential. The wind speed and direction significantly impact energy production, as the availability of wind power depends on these factors. Additionally, the wind plays a crucial role in agricultural practices, affecting soil moisture, pollination, and crop health.
Climate Patterns and Variability
The wind patterns in Elazig exhibit distinct seasonal variations, influenced by the region’s geographical location and topography. During the summer, light and variable winds prevail, while the winter months experience stronger and more consistent winds. The direction of the wind also changes with the seasons, with more westerly winds during the winter and easterly winds during the summer. These changes in wind patterns are driven by the interaction of local and regional atmospheric circulation systems, including the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. The variability of wind speed and direction contributes to the region’s diverse climate and weather patterns.
Spring (April-May):
Spring in Elazig is a delightful season to visit, offering a refreshing respite from winter’s cold. The temperatures gradually warm, averaging between 10-20 degrees Celsius. This pleasant weather makes it ideal for outdoor activities, such as hiking in the nearby mountains, exploring the historical sites, or simply strolling through the vibrant city streets. The surrounding landscapes awaken from the winter slumber, adorned with blooming wildflowers and vibrant greenery, creating a picturesque backdrop for your explorations. Additionally, this season offers fewer crowds, allowing you to fully immerse yourself in the local culture and customs.
Summer (June-August):
Summer in Elazig is characterized by warm and mostly dry weather. The temperatures soar, reaching an average of 25-35 degrees Celsius. While the heat can be intense during the day, the evenings provide welcome relief, making it a perfect time to explore the city’s many outdoor markets and festivals. One of the must-visit attractions during summer is Hazar Lake, located just outside of Elazig. This serene lake offers opportunities for swimming, fishing, and boat rides, providing a refreshing escape from the urban heat. Additionally, the summer months coincide with several cultural festivals, including the Elazig Culture and Art Festival and the Mazgirt Cherry Festival, giving you a glimpse into the region’s rich heritage.
Solar Energy Potential
Elazig, a city in eastern Turkey, boasts remarkable solar energy potential due to its geographical location. The region receives abundant sunlight throughout the year, with an average solar radiation of around 5.5 kWh/m2 per day. This high solar insolation makes Elazig an ideal candidate for converting sunlight into electricity.
Solar Energy Initiatives
Recognizing the city’s solar potential, the Turkish government and local authorities have implemented several initiatives to promote solar energy adoption. Solar panels have been installed on public buildings, schools, and homes, contributing to a reduction in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, a large-scale solar farm, with a capacity of 100 MW, is under construction in the Elazig region. Upon completion, this project will significantly increase the city’s solar energy output and contribute to Turkey’s renewable energy goals.
Mountains and Hills
Elazig province in eastern Turkey is characterized by a rugged and mountainous landscape. The Taurus Mountains, one of the largest mountain ranges in the country, stretch through the southern part of Elazig. These mountains are known for their steep slopes and high altitudes, with peaks reaching up to 3,000 meters above sea level. The Murat Valley, a major geological feature in the region, separates the Taurus Mountains from the Armenian Highlands to the north. Within the valley, there are several smaller mountain ranges and hills, including the Hazar Mountains and the Bingöl Mountains. These features add to the diverse topography of Elazig and create a visually stunning natural environment.
Lakes and Rivers
Elazig is also home to numerous lakes and rivers that contribute to its unique topography. Hazar Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Turkey, is located in the Murat Valley. The lake is surrounded by lush vegetation and provides a haven for various bird species. The Murat River, a tributary of the Euphrates, flows through the province and has carved deep canyons and valleys into the surrounding landscape. The Peri River is another important waterway in Elazig, originating from the Bingöl Mountains and merging with the Murat River near the town of Palu. These rivers and lakes not only shape the topography of the region but also provide important resources for agriculture, tourism, and transportation.
Elazig Airport:
Elazig Airport (EZS), also known as Elazig Airport, is situated 12 kilometers southeast of Elazig city center in eastern Turkey. With a single runway and a terminal building, it serves the city and its surrounding region. EZS primarily handles domestic flights, connecting Elazig to major cities within Turkey, including Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir. It also offers seasonal charter flights to international destinations. The airport boasts various amenities, such as shops, restaurants, and currency exchange services, catering to the needs of passengers.
Alternative Airports:
In addition to Elazig Airport, several alternative airports serve the wider region:
- Diyarbakir Airport (DIY): Located approximately 200 kilometers southeast of Elazig, Diyarbakir Airport is a larger facility with a wider range of domestic and international flights. It serves as a regional hub and provides connections to major cities in Turkey and beyond.
- Malatya Airport (MLX): Malatya Airport is situated about 180 kilometers west of Elazig. It primarily offers domestic flights, connecting Malatya to Istanbul and other key destinations in Turkey.
History and Culture
Elazığ is a city steeped in a rich historical and cultural tapestry, with its roots traced back to ancient times. Archaeological excavations have uncovered artifacts dating to the Paleolithic era, indicating long-standing human habitation in the area. During the Roman Empire, Elazığ was part of Cappadocia and known as “Elhag” or “Eilahis.” The city has been ruled by numerous empires over the centuries, including the Byzantines, Seljuks, and Ottomans, each leaving behind its cultural imprint. Notable historical sites include the Elazığ Castle, built by the Akkadians in the Bronze Age, and the Harput Fortress, a medieval stronghold that once served as a capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.
Geography and Economy
Situated in the eastern Anatolian region of Turkey, Elazığ is surrounded by rugged mountains and vast plains. The city is traversed by the Peri Su River, which adds to its natural beauty. Elazığ has a rich agricultural economy, with significant production of wheat, sugar beets, and fruits. The city is also a center for livestock farming, particularly sheep and cattle. In recent years, Elazığ has experienced industrial growth, with the establishment of factories specializing in automotive parts, textiles, and food processing. The city is well-connected by transportation links, including an airport and major highways. Elazığ’s strategic location makes it a focal point for trade and commerce in the region.