Ed Damer Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Sudan

Average Weather Year Round

Ed Damer, Sudan experiences a hot desert climate with extremely high temperatures throughout the year. The average temperature ranges from 32°C (89.6°F) in January to 47°C (116.6°F) in July. The highest temperature ever recorded in Ed Damer was 53°C (127.4°F) in May 1972, while the lowest was 4°C (39.2°F) in January 1950.

Ed Damer receives an average annual rainfall of 16 mm (0.63 in), which falls mostly during the short rainy season from July to September. The city experiences an average of 2 rainy days per year and prolonged periods of drought are common. The humidity levels are generally low, ranging from 20% to 40% throughout the year.

Climate Conditions

Ed Damer, Sudan, experiences a hot and dry climate throughout the year, with average daily temperatures ranging from 30°C (86°F) to 45°C (113°F). The hottest months are May through September, with average temperatures consistently above 40°C (104°F). During these months, the scorching heat and lack of rainfall can create challenging conditions for both locals and visitors.

Seasonal Variations

The rainy season in Ed Damer typically lasts from July to September, bringing some relief from the intense heat. However, the rainfall is often sporadic and unpredictable, and droughts can occur during any season. During the winter months, temperatures cool slightly, with average lows dropping to around 20°C (68°F). However, even during the winter, daytime temperatures can still reach 30°C (86°F) or higher.

Types of Clouds Observed in Ed Damer, Sudan

Ed Damer, Sudan experiences a diverse range of cloud formations due to its geographical location and climate. During the dry season (November to April), the skies are predominantly clear, with scattered cumulus and stratocumulus clouds. Cirrus and cirrocumulus clouds are also frequently observed, adding beauty to the otherwise azure canvas.

During the rainy season (May to October), convective clouds dominate the sky. Cumulonimbus clouds rise to great heights, producing the majestic thunderstorms characteristic of the region. Altostratus and altocumulus clouds are also prevalent, casting a veil over the city and obscuring the sun. Mammatus clouds, known for their otherworldly appearance, may occasionally form beneath these mid-level clouds, creating an awe-inspiring sight.

Seasonal Precipitation Patterns

Ed Damer, Sudan, experiences highly seasonal precipitation patterns, influenced by the movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The wet season typically extends from June to September, coinciding with the northward migration of the ITCZ. During this period, heavy rainfall is common, with monthly precipitation often exceeding 100 mm. The dry season, from October to May, is characterized by minimal to no precipitation, as the ITCZ shifts southward.

Annual Precipitation Variations

The annual precipitation in Ed Damer varies significantly from year to year. In wet years, such as 2020, the total rainfall can surpass 500 mm, while in dry years, such as 2018, it can fall below 200 mm. This variability is attributed to both natural climatic oscillations, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and human-induced factors, such as land-use changes and deforestation. Despite the variability, Ed Damer’s long-term average precipitation remains relatively consistent, around 350 mm per year.

Rainfall Patterns

Ed Damer, Sudan, experiences a hot desert climate with minimal rainfall throughout the year. The rainy season typically spans June to September, with occasional showers during the remaining months. The average annual rainfall in Ed Damer is extremely low, ranging from 10 to 30 millimeters. Most precipitation falls during intense thunderstorms, which can cause flash floods in the region.

Climate Change Impacts

Climate change is significantly impacting rainfall patterns in Ed Damer. Rising temperatures and changes in atmospheric circulation have contributed to a decrease in rainfall frequency and intensity. Consequently, the region faces increased water scarcity and agricultural challenges. Furthermore, the unpredictable nature of rainfall events makes it difficult for farmers to plan and cultivate crops effectively. The long-term effects of climate change on rainfall patterns in Ed Damer remain uncertain but pose substantial concerns for the region’s water security and economic stability.

Historical Snowfall in Ed Damer, Sudan

In January 2023, the city of Ed Damer, which is situated in the northern region of Sudan, experienced an extraordinary weather event: snowfall. This was a rare occurrence in the region, as it had not been witnessed for over a century. The snowfall began as a light dusting but gradually intensified, covering the streets and rooftops with a thick blanket of white. The snow persisted for several hours, leaving Ed Damer veiled in an ethereal winter wonderland.

Impact of the Snowfall

The snowfall had a significant impact on the daily lives of Ed Damer’s residents. Public transportation was disrupted, and schools and businesses were forced to close. The slippery conditions made it difficult for pedestrians and motorists to navigate, and the cold temperatures posed a health risk for those exposed to the elements. However, the snowfall also brought joy and excitement to the community. Children played in the snow, building snowmen and engaging in snowball fights. The unique winter spectacle provided a memorable experience for the people of Ed Damer, creating lasting memories of a snowy day in the heart of Sudan.

Sunrise and Sunset Times

In Ed Damer, the sun rises and sets at varying times throughout the year due to the Earth’s tilt and orbit. The earliest sunrise occurs around 6:00 AM in June, while the latest sunrise is close to 7:00 AM in December. The sun generally sets between 5:30 PM and 6:30 PM, with the earliest sunset being around 5:30 PM in June and the latest sunset occurring in December at around 6:30 PM.

Average Sunshine Duration

Ed Damer experiences a high amount of sunshine throughout the year, with an average of over 10 hours of sunshine per day. The sunniest months are from November to April, when the average sunshine duration exceeds 11 hours per day. During the rainiest months from May to October, the average sunshine duration drops to around 8 hours per day. Despite the occasional cloud cover, Ed Damer remains a sunny destination for much of the year.

Moon Visibility

In Ed Damer, Sudan, the moon is usually visible for around half of the month. The best time to view the moon is during the full moon phase, which occurs approximately every 29.5 days. During this phase, the moon is fully illuminated and appears as a complete circle in the sky. The moon is also visible during the waxing and waning phases, but it appears as a crescent or gibbous shape.

Moonrise and Moonset

The exact time of moonrise and moonset in Ed Damer varies depending on the day of the year. However, the moon generally rises in the east and sets in the west. The time of moonrise and moonset can be found using a lunar calendar or astronomy app. It is important to note that the moon’s position in the sky can be affected by factors such as cloud cover and light pollution.

Humidity in Ed Damer, Sudan

Ed Damer, a city in northern Sudan, experiences significant variations in humidity levels throughout the year. During the dry season, which extends from October to May, the average relative humidity remains low, typically ranging between 20% to 40%. This is due to the prevailing dry and dusty winds from the Sahara Desert, which reduce atmospheric moisture.

However, during the rainy season, which usually lasts from June to September, humidity levels rise significantly. Influenced by the influx of moisture-laden air from the Atlantic Ocean, relative humidity can reach up to 80% or more, leading to a sultry and oppressive atmosphere. The high humidity levels during this period contribute to a muggy and uncomfortable climate. Additionally, the abundance of water bodies and irrigated land in the area further adds to the overall humidity levels.

Wind Patterns

The wind in Ed Damer, Sudan, exhibits distinct seasonal patterns. During the summer months (April-September), the prevailing winds blow from the north-northeast, carrying hot and dry air from the Sahara Desert. These winds, known as the northeasterlies or shamal, are often strong and persistent, creating dusty and uncomfortable conditions.

In contrast, during the winter months (October-March), the wind direction shifts to the south-southeast, bringing cooler and more humid air from the Nile Valley. These winds, known as the southerlies or khamsin, are typically lighter and more variable than the northeasterlies. During the transition periods between seasons (March-April and September-October), the wind direction is often unpredictable, with frequent changes between the two prevailing directions.

Wind Speed and Gusts

The average wind speed in Ed Damer varies throughout the year, with the highest speeds occurring during the summer months. In July and August, the average wind speed can exceed 20 knots (37 kilometers per hour). During these months, strong gusts are also common, reaching speeds of over 40 knots (74 kilometers per hour) on occasion. In contrast, the wind speed during the winter months is typically lower, averaging around 10 knots (19 kilometers per hour). Calms are more common during this time of year, particularly during the early morning hours.

Best Time to Visit Ed Damer for Optimal Weather:

Ed Damer, a town on the banks of the Nile in northern Sudan, experiences a tropical arid climate with scorching summers and mild winters. Due to its proximity to the Sahara Desert, the region receives minimal rainfall throughout the year. Plan your visit between November and March, when the temperatures are relatively cooler, ranging from 20 to 30 degrees Celsius (68 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit). This period offers pleasant conditions for sightseeing, cultural exploration, and desert adventures.

Best Time to Visit Ed Damer for Cultural Events:

Ed Damer, immersed in the rich cultural heritage of Sudan, hosts several festivals and events throughout the year. The most significant is the annual Ed Damer Festival, usually held in December. During this vibrant celebration, the town comes alive with traditional music, dance performances, camel races, and local handicrafts exhibitions. The festival provides an immersive experience to witness the customs and traditions of the local communities. Other notable events include the Nile Festival in January and the Desert Rally in February, offering unique opportunities to delve into the region’s history and outdoor activities.

Solar Potential in Ed Damer

Ed Damer, a city in northern Sudan, possesses immense solar energy potential. The region experiences high solar irradiance throughout the year, with an average global horizontal irradiance of 6.5 kWh/m2/day. This favorable sunlight exposure makes Ed Damer an ideal location for harnessing solar energy. The clear skies and low rainfall enhance the effectiveness of photovoltaic (PV) systems, allowing for maximum energy generation.

Development of Solar Energy Projects

Recognizing the potential, the Sudanese government has been actively promoting solar energy development in Ed Damer. Several solar power projects have been launched, including the 50 MW Ed Damer Solar Power Plant, one of the largest in the country. This project utilizes advanced solar PV technology to generate clean and affordable electricity, meeting the growing energy demand in the region. Additionally, smaller-scale solar projects have been implemented to provide electricity to remote communities and support rural development.

Geographic Overview

Ed Damer is a city located in northern Sudan, situated along the Nile River. The city lies within the Nubian Desert, a vast and sparsely populated region characterized by a hot and dry climate. As a result, Ed Damer’s topography is primarily flat and arid, with limited vegetation and few significant topographic features.

Riverine Influence

The Nile River plays a significant role in shaping the topography of Ed Damer. The river’s presence creates a fertile belt of land along its banks, supporting agricultural activities and settlements. Additionally, the Nile has carved out a series of terraces and bluffs in the surrounding terrain, forming a rugged and scenic landscape. These terraces offer panoramic views of the river and the surrounding desert, adding to the visual appeal of the area.

Ed Dammer Airport

Ed Dammer Airport (EDD) is conveniently located within the city of Ed Damer in central Sudan. As the primary airport serving the region, it offers domestic connections to Khartoum International Airport (KRT), the nation’s main transport hub. EDD plays a vital role in facilitating air travel within Sudan, connecting Ed Damer to other key cities and destinations. While there are no direct international flights from EDD, travelers can access global destinations via connecting flights through KRT.

Alternative Airports

In addition to EDD, there are several alternative airports within relatively close proximity to Ed Damer that offer international connections. Khartoum International Airport (KRT), situated approximately 215 kilometers northeast of Ed Damer, provides access to numerous domestic and international destinations, including major cities in Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. Port Sudan International Airport (PZU), nestled on the Red Sea coast about 360 kilometers northeast of Ed Damer, serves as a regional gateway for both domestic and international travel, particularly to destinations in the Middle East and Europe. Travelers seeking direct international connections to destinations beyond Sudan may find it convenient to utilize KRT or PZU as their departure airports.

History and Culture

Ed Damer, located in the River Nile State of Sudan, has a rich history dating back to the ancient Nubian civilization. During the 19th century, it served as a major trading post and was ruled by the Mahdist movement. Over time, the city grew into a cultural hub with a vibrant arts scene and traditional crafts. Ed Damer is renowned for its distinctive pottery, known for its intricate designs and vibrant colors. The city is also home to the Wad Banaga National Museum, which showcases artifacts from its long and illustrious past.

Economic Importance

Ed Damer is a commercially significant hub in Sudan. As the largest city in the River Nile State, it serves as a gateway to the agricultural region. The city is known for its flourishing cotton industry and is also a major producer of dates, vegetables, and sesame seeds. Ed Damer plays a vital role in Sudan’s agricultural exports and contributes significantly to the country’s economy. Additionally, the city is a hub for transportation, with a bridge connecting it to the western regions of Sudan and a railway line facilitating trade with neighboring countries.