Ed Daein Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Sudan

Summer (March-May)

Summer in Ed Daein is characterized by scorching temperatures that consistently hover between 95°F (35°C) and 115°F (46°C). The relentless heat is accompanied by a suffocatingly dry atmosphere, with humidity levels dropping to an average of 15%. Precipitation is scarce, with only an occasional shower providing a fleeting respite from the aridity. The intense sunlight during this season can be unforgiving, making it essential to seek shade during the peak hours of the day.

Winter (November-February)

Winters in Ed Daein offer a much-needed respite from the scorching summer temperatures. While daytime highs still reach the mid-80s°F (29°C), nights cool down considerably, with temperatures dipping to around 50°F (10°C). The humidity levels rise slightly to an average of 30%, providing a more comfortable feel to the air. The winter months also experience occasional rainfall, although the total precipitation remains low compared to other regions of Sudan.

Annual Temperature Profile

Ed Daein, located in central Sudan, experiences a hot desert climate with extreme temperature variations throughout the year. The annual average temperature is around 29°C (84°F), characterized by scorching summers and mild winters. During May to September, the city experiences its hottest period, with average maximum temperatures exceeding 40°C (104°F), accompanied by low humidity and minimal rainfall. In contrast, from November to February, the winter months bring cooler temperatures, with average maximums ranging from 25°C to 30°C (77°F to 86°F). Nighttime temperatures in winter can drop to around 15°C (59°F), providing some relief from the daytime heat.

Monthly Temperature Variations

The hottest month in Ed Daein is June, with average temperatures reaching 35°C (95°F), while the coldest month is January, averaging 21°C (70°F). April and May also experience high temperatures, averaging around 33°C (91°F), marking the onset of the summer season. October and November mark the transition to winter, with temperatures gradually decreasing and humidity rising slightly. December and January represent the peak of winter, with average temperatures ranging from 22°C to 25°C (72°F to 77°F). The city receives little rainfall throughout the year, with most precipitation occurring during the brief rainy season from July to August.

Cloud Patterns and Characteristics

Clouds in Ed Daein, Sudan, exhibit diverse patterns and characteristics. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy, cotton-like appearance, are common during the rainy season. These clouds typically indicate fair weather, with occasional showers or thunderstorms. Cirrus clouds, thin and wispy, often appear as streaks or filaments high in the sky. They are composed of ice crystals and signify stable atmospheric conditions. Stratocumulus clouds, low-lying and lumpy, are often associated with drizzle or light precipitation.

Influence on Weather and Climate

The presence of clouds in Ed Daein has a significant impact on the local weather and climate. Clouds can block solar radiation, resulting in cooler temperatures during the day. During the rainy season, clouds bring much-needed precipitation, replenishing water sources and sustaining vegetation. However, excessive cloud cover can also lead to decreased evaporation and humidity, which can impact agricultural productivity. The study of cloud patterns and behavior is essential for accurate weather forecasting and understanding the region’s climate dynamics. Understanding the role of clouds in cloud formation and distribution helps meteorologists predict weather patterns and issue timely warnings for severe weather events.

Annual Precipitation in Ed Daein

Ed Daein, Sudan experiences extremely dry conditions throughout the year, with an average annual precipitation of only 180 millimeters (7 inches). The city receives the majority of its rainfall during the summer months, from June to September, when the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts northward. During this time, sporadic thunderstorms can bring brief but intense downpours, but these are often followed by prolonged dry spells.

Seasonal Precipitation Patterns

The rainy season in Ed Daein typically lasts for four to five months, with the peak of the season occurring in August. During this month, the city can receive an average of 50 millimeters (2 inches) of rainfall. The onset of the rainy season is often marked by the arrival of the “haboobs,” towering dust storms that can bring strong winds and reduced visibility. After September, rainfall becomes increasingly scarce, with October and November receiving only a few millimeters each. By December, Ed Daein enters a prolonged dry season that lasts until the following May.

Rainfall Patterns

Ed Daein, Sudan, experiences a semi-arid climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season typically spans from June to September, coinciding with the northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). During this period, convective rainfall dominates, often manifesting as intense thunderstorms. Rainfall amounts are generally highest in July and August, with monthly averages exceeding 100 mm. The dry season, extending from November to April, is characterized by negligible rainfall, with monthly averages below 5 mm.

Variability and Extremes

Rainfall in Ed Daein is highly variable both seasonally and from year to year. Interannual variations are primarily influenced by the strength and position of the ITCZ, as well as large-scale atmospheric patterns such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). During El Niño events, rainfall tends to be below average, while La Niña events often lead to increased precipitation. Extreme rainfall events, such as torrential downpours, can occur during the wet season, occasionally causing flooding and infrastructure damage. Conversely, prolonged dry spells during the dry season can exacerbate drought conditions, impacting water resources and agricultural production.

Historical Snowfall Event

Ed Daein, Sudan, experienced a rare and spectacular snowfall in January 2020. The city, located in the desert region of West Darfur, had never witnessed snowfall before. The phenomenon occurred due to an unusual weather pattern that brought cold air from the Mediterranean Sea, causing temperatures to drop below freezing overnight. As a result, a thick blanket of snow covered the city, transforming the desert landscape into a winter wonderland.

The snowfall created a sense of awe and wonder among the local population. Many residents had never seen snow before and took to the streets to revel in the unexpected spectacle. The children built snowmen, had snowball fights, and slid down snowy hills. The adults marveled at the stunning scenery and captured the moment with their cameras. The snowfall brought joy and a brief respite from the harsh desert conditions, leaving a lasting memory in the hearts of the people of Ed Daein.

Sunrise and Sunset

Ed Daein, the capital of East Darfur, Sudan, experiences regular daily cycles of sunrise and sunset. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, providing the city with natural illumination throughout the day. The exact time of sunrise and sunset varies throughout the year, with the sun rising earlier and setting later during the summer months. In June, the longest day of the year, the sun rises around 6:00 AM and sets around 7:00 PM. In December, the shortest day of the year, the sun rises around 7:00 AM and sets around 5:00 PM. As with most locations, Ed Daein experiences the phenomenon of twilight during the hours immediately after sunrise and before sunset, when the sun is below the horizon but the sky remains partially illuminated.

Solar Radiation and Climate

Ed Daein’s geographical location in the northern hemisphere and its proximity to the equator make it a recipient of significant solar radiation throughout the year. The city receives an average of around 3300 sunshine hours annually, contributing to its warm and dry climate. The high levels of solar radiation also result in relatively high temperatures, with average highs above 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit) for most of the year. Additionally, the low levels of cloud cover and humidity enhance the intensity of the sun’s rays, further influencing the city’s climate and weather patterns. The combination of abundant solar radiation and warm temperatures has also led to the development of solar energy projects in the region, which harness the sun’s energy to generate electricity.

Moon Phases in Ed Daein, Sudan

The moon’s phases are influenced by its position relative to the Earth and the sun. In Ed Daein, Sudan, the moon’s phases follow a predictable pattern throughout the month. The new moon, when the moon is not visible, occurs every 29.5 days. During this phase, the moon is located between the Earth and the sun. The full moon, when the entire face of the moon is illuminated, occurs when the moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the sun.

Moonrise and Moonset Times in Ed Daein, Sudan

The times of moonrise and moonset in Ed Daein, Sudan vary throughout the month due to the moon’s changing position relative to the Earth. The moon typically rises in the east and sets in the west. The specific times of moonrise and moonset can be found in astronomical tables or using online resources that provide celestial information for specific locations.

Seasonal Variation in Humidity

Humidity levels in Ed Daein, Sudan, exhibit significant seasonal variation. During the dry season, which runs from November to April, humidity is typically low, often ranging between 20% and 30%. This is due to the prevailing dry northeasterly winds that blow from the Sahara Desert, carrying little moisture. As a result, the atmosphere in Ed Daein during this time is generally dry and arid.

In contrast, during the wet season, which lasts from May to October, humidity levels rise substantially. The onset of the monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean brings in moisture-laden air, leading to an increase in relative humidity. During this period, humidity levels can often reach 60% or higher. The increased humidity during the wet season can lead to uncomfortable conditions, particularly during the hottest months, when temperatures can exceed 40°C (104°F).

Wind Patterns in Ed Daein, Sudan

Ed Daein, the capital of East Darfur in Sudan, experiences a tropical savanna climate characterized by alternating wet and dry seasons. The city lies within the northeastern Sahel region, known for its strong seasonal winds.

During the dry season, which lasts from October to April, the prevailing winds are the harmattan, hot and dry winds originating from the Sahara Desert. These winds carry fine dust and sand particles, reducing visibility and creating a hazy atmosphere. The harmattan winds can reach speeds of up to 15-20 meters per second and may persist for several days or even weeks. In contrast, the rainy season (May to September) brings moist, southeasterly winds from the Atlantic Ocean. These winds bring rainfall and contribute to the city’s lush vegetation during this period. However, occasional strong thunderstorms may also occur, accompanied by heavy rain and gusty winds.

Best Time to Visit

The ideal time to visit Ed Daein is during the dry season, which runs from October to April. During this period, the weather is generally pleasant, with warm and sunny days and cool nights. The humidity is low, making it comfortable for outdoor activities. The skies are clear, providing excellent opportunities for stargazing and enjoying the stunning desert sunsets.

Peak Season (November-March)

The peak season in Ed Daein falls between November and March, when temperatures are at their most comfortable. Daytime temperatures average around 30-35 degrees Celsius (86-95 degrees Fahrenheit), while nights cool down to around 15-20 degrees Celsius (59-68 degrees Fahrenheit). This period is also ideal for birdwatching, as migratory species flock to the area’s wetlands and oases. However, it is essential to note that this season can be crowded, and accommodations and tours may be more expensive.

Solar Energy Potential

Ed Daein, Sudan, enjoys abundant solar energy potential due to its location within the sunbelt. The region receives high levels of solar insolation throughout the year, with an average of over 3,000 sunshine hours annually. This makes Ed Daein a promising location for the development of solar energy projects. The Sudanese government has set ambitious targets for renewable energy generation, including solar power, to meet its growing energy demands and transition to a cleaner energy future.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite the significant solar energy potential, Ed Daein faces certain challenges that need to be addressed for successful solar energy development. These challenges include a lack of infrastructure, limited access to financing, and a need for capacity building in the solar sector. Additionally, the region faces issues related to land availability and competition for agricultural use. However, these challenges also present opportunities. By investing in infrastructure, providing financing mechanisms, and training local personnel, Ed Daein can overcome these barriers and unlock the full potential of solar energy. This will not only contribute to meeting its energy needs but also create employment opportunities and stimulate economic growth in the region.

Elevation and Geography:

Ed Daein, the capital of East Darfur, Sudan, lies in a relatively flat region at an elevation of approximately 640 meters (2,100 feet) above sea level. It is situated on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert, where the landscape gradually transitions into the Sahelian grasslands. Ed Daein is surrounded by vast plains and occasional low-lying hills, with the nearest significant mountain range being the Jebel Marra, located about 150 kilometers to the southwest.

Hydrology and Natural Features:

Ed Daein is situated at the confluence of two major seasonal rivers, the Wadi Azum and the Wadi el Ku. These rivers flow through the region during the wet season (June-September), bringing essential water resources to the area. However, during the dry season, the rivers typically dry up, leaving behind dry riverbeds. Ed Daein is also home to several oases and springs, which provide a valuable source of water for both human and animal populations. These oases are often characterized by lush vegetation, including palm trees, acacia trees, and grasses.

El Daein Airport (EDD)

El Daein Airport (IATA: EDD), formerly known as Ed Damazin Airport, is the primary airport serving Ed Daein, the capital of East Darfur state in Sudan. The airport is located approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) from the city center. It is a small airport with a single paved runway measuring 1,524 meters (4,997 feet) in length. El Daein Airport primarily serves domestic flights to Khartoum International Airport (KRT), the main international gateway of Sudan. Regional carriers such as Tarco Aviation and Sudan Airways offer scheduled services to Ed Daein. The airport also handles charter flights and cargo operations.

Alternative Airports

The nearest alternative airport to Ed Daein is Nyala Airport (UYL), located approximately 240 kilometers (150 miles) to the west in Nyala, the capital of South Darfur state. Nyala Airport has a longer paved runway of 2,000 meters (6,562 feet) and offers a wider range of domestic and regional flights, including services to Khartoum, El Fasher, and other major cities in Sudan. International flights from Nyala Airport are limited, but connections to Khartoum provide access to international destinations.

Geography and Climate

Ed Daein, the capital of East Darfur State in Sudan, is a sprawling city situated in the western part of the country. It is a major agricultural and trade center, serving as a vital link between Sudan’s capital, Khartoum, and the neighboring regions of Chad and Libya. Ed Daein’s geography is characterized by arid plains and sandy hills, with the city itself lying along the banks of the Wadi Azum, a seasonal river that flows during the rainy season. The city experiences a hot and dry climate, with temperatures soaring above 40 degrees Celsius during the summer months and dropping to around 20 degrees Celsius in the winter.

Population and Economy

Ed Daein has a population estimated to be around 250,000 people, primarily composed of ethnic groups including the Fur, Masalit, and Zaghawa. The city’s economy is primarily driven by agriculture, with the surrounding areas producing crops such as sorghum, millet, and sesame. Livestock grazing and trade are also significant economic activities. Ed Daein serves as a hub for trade between Sudan and neighboring countries, facilitating the movement of goods and services across the region. In recent years, the city has also experienced growth in the mining sector, with the discovery of gold deposits in the nearby Jebel Amir Mountains.