Ebolowa Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Cameroon

Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Ebolowa, Cameroon

Ebolowa, a city in southern Cameroon, experiences a humid tropical savanna climate, characterized by a distinct wet and dry season. The average annual temperature hovers around a comfortable 25°C (77°F), with minimal variation throughout the year.

Rainy Season (March to October)

The rainy season dominates the better part of the year, with heavy downpours alternating with periods of sunshine. Rainfall is most intense during the months of July and August, when it can exceed 400mm (16 inches) per month. As a result, the city transforms into a lush, verdant landscape, with vegetation thriving amidst the abundance of moisture. The humidity levels remain high throughout this period, averaging above 80%, creating a somewhat sultry atmosphere.

Average Temperature in Ebolowa, Cameroon

Ebolowa, situated in southwestern Cameroon, experiences a tropical rainforest climate characterized by consistently high temperatures and abundant rainfall throughout the year. The city’s average annual temperature hovers around 24°C (75°F), with minimal seasonal variations. The warmest months, December through March, typically see average temperatures ranging from 26°C (79°F) to 28°C (82°F). During this period, the city receives significant rainfall, contributing to the region’s lush vegetation and humidity.

In contrast, the coolest months, June through September, exhibit average temperatures between 22°C (72°F) and 24°C (75°F). While temperatures may dip slightly during the night, they rarely fall below 18°C (64°F) even in the coldest months. The city experiences two rainy seasons: the major season from March to November and a less intense one from mid-February to May. These seasons bring heavy rainfall, with annual precipitation averaging around 2,000 mm (79 in). The combination of high temperatures and abundant rainfall creates a humid environment throughout the year, making it essential for visitors to stay hydrated and seek shade during midday hours.

Cloud Cover and Types

Ebolowa, located in southwestern Cameroon, experiences varying cloud cover throughout the year. During the rainy season (April to October), the skies are often overcast with thick cumulonimbus clouds that bring heavy rainfall. These clouds tower high into the atmosphere and can produce thunderstorms, lightning, and hail. During the dry season (November to March), the cloud cover is generally lighter, with more frequent cirrus and altostratus clouds. These clouds are thinner and allow more sunlight to reach the ground, resulting in warmer temperatures.

Influence on Climate and Weather

The cloud cover in Ebolowa plays a significant role in shaping the climate and weather patterns. The thick cumulonimbus clouds during the rainy season shield the ground from direct sunlight, leading to cooler temperatures and increased humidity. The clouds also trap heat, creating a warm and humid atmosphere. The lighter cloud cover during the dry season allows more sunlight to reach the ground, resulting in hotter temperatures and lower humidity. The cloud cover also influences precipitation patterns, with the rainy season characterized by heavy rainfall and the dry season by minimal precipitation. Additionally, the clouds provide shade, which helps to regulate temperatures and reduce the intensity of sunlight.

Average Annual Precipitation

Ebolowa, located in southern Cameroon, receives an average annual precipitation of 2,950 mm (116 inches), making it one of the wettest cities in Cameroon. The rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, with no pronounced dry season. However, the intensity of the rainfall varies from month to month, with heavier rainfall occurring during the wet seasons from April to May and October to November.

Seasonal Variability

Ebolowa experiences two main rainy seasons, namely the “grand rainy season” and the “short rainy season.” The grand rainy season lasts for approximately six months, from April to September, and accounts for two-thirds of the annual rainfall. During this period, daily rainfall can reach 100 mm (4 inches), resulting in frequent flooding and landslides. The short rainy season occurs during the months of October and November, bringing less intense rainfall. It is followed by a relatively dry season from December to March, when monthly rainfall drops below 100 mm (4 inches).

Monthly Rainfall Distribution

Ebolowa, located in southern Cameroon, experiences a humid tropical climate marked by abundant rainfall throughout the year. The city receives an average annual precipitation of around 3,500 mm (138 in). Rainfall is heaviest during the two rainy seasons, which occur from March to June and from September to November. During these months, monthly rainfall can exceed 500 mm (20 in).

Seasonal Variation

The wet season in Ebolowa is characterized by frequent and intense thunderstorms, often accompanied by heavy downpours. In contrast, the dry season, from December to February, is relatively dry, with monthly rainfall typically below 100 mm (4 in). This season is often accompanied by clear skies and hot, humid weather. The city also experiences a brief dry spell in August, known as the “little dry season,” which provides a respite from the heavy rains.

Historical Context

In the equatorial region of Cameroon, snowfall is an extremely rare and unprecedented phenomenon. Until recently, snowfall had never been recorded in Ebolowa, the capital of the South Region. However, on January 20, 2023, a highly unusual weather event brought snowfall to the city, causing widespread astonishment and excitement among the local population.

Significance and Impact

The snowfall in Ebolowa was a historic event, marking the first time snowfall had ever been observed in the city. Temperatures plummeted to record lows, with the mercury dipping below freezing point. The snow quickly blanketed the city, creating a surreal winter wonderland that left residents and visitors alike in awe. The snowfall was a reminder of the unpredictable nature of weather and a testament to the extreme weather events that can occur even in the most unexpected places.

Sunrise and Sunset in Ebolowa

In Ebolowa, Cameroon, the sun rises between 5:45 and 6:00 AM throughout the year, with minimal variation due to its proximity to the equator. Similarly, the sunset occurs consistently between 6:00 and 6:15 PM, providing approximately 12 hours of daylight.

Sun’s Position and Intensity

Ebolowa, located in the Southern Hemisphere, experiences the sun being directly overhead only during the December solstice. During this time, the sun’s rays are most intense and cast the shortest shadows. Throughout the rest of the year, the sun’s position varies slightly, being slightly higher in the sky during the Northern Hemisphere’s summer (April to September) and lower during the Northern Hemisphere’s winter (October to March). The intensity of the sun’s rays also varies slightly, with the strongest rays occurring during the early morning and late afternoon hours.

Moon Phases and Visibility

In Ebolowa, Cameroon, the Moon exhibits a predictable cycle of phases as it orbits Earth. The new Moon phase occurs when the Moon is not visible from Earth, as it lies between Earth and the Sun. As the Moon moves around Earth, it gradually becomes illuminated by sunlight, progressing through the crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, third quarter, and waning crescent phases. The full Moon phase occurs when the entire face of the Moon is illuminated and visible from Earth. The specific timing and duration of these phases vary slightly throughout the lunar month, but the general cycle remains consistent.

Influence on Nighttime Phenomena

The Moon’s presence and phases have a noticeable impact on various nighttime phenomena in Ebolowa. During the full Moon phase, when the Moon is at its brightest, it illuminates the night sky, casting long shadows and making it easier to see outdoors. This can be a benefit for activities such as walking, running, and stargazing. Conversely, during the new Moon phase, when the Moon is not visible, the night sky is much darker, providing ideal conditions for observing fainter celestial objects such as stars and galaxies. Additionally, the Moon’s gravitational pull influences tides in the nearby ocean, causing slight fluctuations in water levels along the coast near Ebolowa.

Humidity Levels in Ebolowa, Cameroon

Ebolowa, the capital of the South Region of Cameroon, experiences consistently high humidity levels throughout the year. The average relative humidity in the city ranges between 70% and 90%, with higher levels during the rainy season (March to November) and slightly lower levels during the dry season (December to February). The high humidity is primarily attributed to the city’s proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, which provides an ample source of moisture in the atmosphere. Additionally, Ebolowa’s tropical climate, characterized by warm temperatures and abundant rainfall, further contributes to the high humidity levels.

Impact of High Humidity

The persistent high humidity in Ebolowa has several implications for the city’s residents and environment. The oppressive humidity can create discomfort and health issues, particularly for individuals with respiratory conditions or heat intolerance. The moisture in the air can also facilitate the growth of mold and mildew, which can damage buildings and materials. Furthermore, the high humidity levels can hinder evaporation, resulting in prolonged wetness on surfaces and leading to slippery conditions and potential safety hazards. In addition, the combination of high humidity and heat can lead to increased energy consumption as air conditioning systems struggle to effectively cool indoor spaces.

General Wind Patterns

Ebolowa, located in southeastern Cameroon, experiences a tropical climate characterized by a monsoon-influenced pattern. During the rainy season, which spans from March to November, humid winds from the southwest prevail, bringing abundant rainfall to the region. In contrast, during the dry season (December to February), winds shift to a more easterly direction, characterized by dry and dusty conditions, known as the harmattan.

Variations in Wind Speed and Direction

The wind speed in Ebolowa typically ranges from a gentle breeze to moderate gusts. On average, the highest wind speeds occur during the rainy season, particularly during thunderstorms. During these events, gusts can reach up to 40 kilometers per hour (25 miles per hour) or more. In the dry season, winds are generally lighter, with average speeds below 20 kilometers per hour (12 miles per hour). Wind direction also exhibits seasonal variability, with the prevailing winds shifting between the southwest during the rainy season and the east during the dry season. The easterly winds associated with the harmattan can sometimes bring in smoke and dust from the Sahara Desert, reducing visibility in Ebolowa and surrounding areas.

Best Time to Visit Ebolowa

The best time to visit Ebolowa, Cameroon is during the dry season, which runs from November to April. During this time, the weather is mild and sunny, with average temperatures ranging from 25 to 30 degrees Celsius. The humidity is also relatively low, making it a comfortable time to explore the city.

One of the highlights of visiting Ebolowa during the dry season is the opportunity to attend the popular Ngondo Festival. Held every December, this festival is a celebration of the Sawa people, who are the original inhabitants of the region. The festival features traditional music, dancing, and food, and is a great way to experience the local culture.

In addition to the dry season, Ebolowa can also be visited during the rainy season, which runs from May to October. During this time, the weather is more humid and rainy, but it can also be a beautiful time to visit. The lush vegetation is at its peak, and the waterfalls are at their most impressive. However, it is important to be aware that the roads can be muddy and impassable during the rainy season, so it is important to plan your trip accordingly.

Potential of Solar Energy in Ebolowa, Cameroon

Ebolowa, the capital of the South Region of Cameroon, boasts a significant potential for solar energy exploitation. With an average of 5.5 peak sunlight hours per day and an annual solar radiation index of 2,100 kWh/m², the city is ideally positioned to harness this renewable and sustainable energy source. The high levels of solar insolation provide an opportunity to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and promote clean energy production.

Solar Energy Initiatives in Ebolowa

Recognizing the potential of solar energy, the government and private sector have initiated several projects in Ebolowa. The most notable is the 5 MW solar power plant commissioned in 2022, which supplies electricity to over 25,000 households and businesses. Additionally, solar water heaters are gaining popularity in the city, offering a clean and cost-effective alternative to traditional water heating systems. The adoption of solar energy technologies not only contributes to mitigating climate change but also enhances energy security and improves the overall living standards in Ebolowa.

Topography of Ebolowa

Ebolowa, the capital of Cameroon’s South Region, lies in a topographically diverse region. The city itself is situated at an elevation of around 240 meters (787 feet) above sea level, surrounded by rolling hills and forested valleys. To the east of Ebolowa, the landscape rises into the volcanic Mount Cameroon chain, which boasts the country’s highest peak, Mount Fako (4,095 meters). These mountains form a natural barrier between Ebolowa and the coastal regions of Cameroon.

To the west of the city, the terrain gradually descends towards the Atlantic Ocean. This coastal plain is characterized by a series of low hills, plateaus, and dense forests. The Dja River, one of the largest rivers in Cameroon, meanders through this region before emptying into the Gulf of Guinea. The Congo Basin, the second-largest rainforest in the world, covers much of the area surrounding Ebolowa, contributing to the region’s rich biodiversity and ecological significance.

Yaoundé Nsimalen International Airport (NSI)

Yaoundé Nsimalen International Airport (NSI) is the nearest airport to Ebolowa, Cameroon. It is located approximately 120 kilometers (75 miles) north of Ebolowa and serves as the primary international gateway to the capital city of Yaoundé. NSI airport offers both domestic and international flights, connecting Ebolowa to major cities within Cameroon and beyond. The airport features a modern terminal building with a range of facilities and amenities, including duty-free shops, restaurants, and currency exchange services. Regular shuttle buses and taxis are available to transport passengers to and from Ebolowa, making it convenient for travelers to access the city from the airport.

Domestic and International Connections

NSI airport provides domestic flights to various cities within Cameroon, including Douala, Garoua, and Bamenda. It also offers international connections to major hubs such as Paris, Brussels, and Casablanca. Several airlines operate at NSI airport, including Air France, Brussels Airlines, and Camair-Co, the national carrier of Cameroon. The availability of both domestic and international flights makes NSI airport an important transportation hub, facilitating travel to and from Ebolowa.

History and Culture:

Ebolowa, the capital of the South Region in Cameroon, is a city steeped in history and vibrant culture. The city was founded in 1921 by the French colonial administration as a strategic administrative center. Over the years, it has grown into a bustling metropolis, while retaining its rich cultural heritage. Ebolowa is known for its traditional ceremonies, music, and dance, which showcase the cultural diversity of the region. The city is also home to numerous historical sites, including the former German fort and the ruins of the French colonial prison.

Economy and Infrastructure:

Ebolowa is an important economic hub for the South Region. It is a major producer of cocoa, coffee, and rubber, and serves as a gateway for agricultural products from the surrounding countryside. The city has a well-developed infrastructure, including paved roads, a modern hospital, and a bustling market. Ebolowa is also a center for education, with several universities and colleges located in the city. The city’s transportation network includes a railway line connecting it to the capital Yaoundé and other major cities in Cameroon.