Dundo Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Angola

Rainfall and Humidity

Dundo experiences a distinct wet and dry season, with the heaviest rainfall occurring from October to May. During this period, the city receives an average of 1200-1500 mm of precipitation, with frequent thunderstorms and occasional heavy downpours. The driest months, June to September, typically receive less than 50 mm of rainfall. Humidity levels are generally high throughout the year, with an average relative humidity ranging from 70% to 80%. However, during the dry season, humidity can drop to as low as 50%.

Temperature and Sunshine

Dundo has a tropical wet and dry climate, characterized by warm temperatures year-round. The average temperature ranges from 20°C to 30°C, with little variation between seasons. The warmest months, October to March, typically experience average temperatures between 25°C and 32°C, while the coolest months, May to September, see average temperatures ranging from 16°C to 24°C. Sunshine levels are consistently high throughout the year, with an average of 6-8 hours per day. The sunniest months are typically October and November, while the cloudiest months are usually June and July.

Overview of Average Temperature in Dundo, Angola

Dundo, the capital of Lunda Norte Province in Angola, experiences tropical savanna climate, characterized by high temperatures and distinct wet and dry seasons. The average annual temperature in Dundo is around 23.8°C (74.8°F), with relatively consistent temperatures throughout the year.

Seasonal Temperature Variations

During the wet season, which typically spans from October to April, average temperatures are slightly higher, ranging from 24°C (75.2°F) to 26°C (78.8°F). The warmest months are typically February and March, while the coolest months are June and July. During the dry season, from May to September, average temperatures are slightly lower, ranging from 22°C (71.6°F) to 24°C (75.2°F). The nights and early mornings can become relatively cool, particularly during the months of June and July, with temperatures dipping to around 10°C (50°F).

Cloud Types

Dundo, Angola experiences a variety of cloud types throughout the year. During the wet season (November to April), cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds are common, bringing heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. During the dry season (May to October), cirrus and stratus clouds are more prevalent. Cirrus clouds are thin, wispy clouds that indicate fair weather, while stratus clouds are low, gray clouds that often bring drizzle or light rain.

Cloud Distribution and Patterns

The distribution and patterns of clouds in Dundo are influenced by several factors, including altitude, temperature, and wind patterns. The city is located on a plateau, which results in a cooler climate and higher cloud cover compared to lower-lying areas. During the wet season, clouds tend to cluster over the Benguela highlands to the west of Dundo, leading to heavy rainfall in these areas. The prevailing wind direction is from the southwest, which brings moisture from the Atlantic Ocean, contributing to the formation of clouds over Dundo.

Annual Precipitation

Dundo, Angola experiences significant precipitation throughout the year, with an average annual rainfall of approximately 1,400 millimeters (55 inches). The rainy season typically spans from October to April, characterized by heavy downpours and occasional thunderstorms. The remaining months, from May to September, constitute the dry season, with minimal precipitation. During the wet season, Dundo receives its highest monthly rainfall during March, averaging around 250 millimeters (10 inches).

Seasonal Variations

The monthly precipitation pattern in Dundo exhibits a marked bimodal distribution, with two distinct peaks. The first peak occurs during the early rainy season in December, while the second and more pronounced peak occurs during the late rainy season in March. The driest month is August, with an average rainfall of just 5 millimeters (0.2 inches). The transition from the rainy season to the dry season is gradual, with a noticeable decrease in precipitation from May onwards. The onset of the rainy season, however, is more abrupt, with a sharp increase in rainfall from September to October.

Rainfall Patterns and Trends

Dundo, Angola exhibits distinct rainfall patterns influenced by its equatorial location. The city experiences bimodal rainfall, with two pronounced wet seasons and two dry seasons. The major wet season occurs from October to April, during which heavy rainfall is prevalent. The minor wet season from June to August brings moderate rainfall. Conversely, the dry seasons from May to September and December to February are characterized by minimal precipitation.

Climatic Influences and Variability

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) plays a crucial role in shaping rainfall patterns in Dundo. During the wet seasons, the ITCZ shifts northward, bringing moisture-laden air that results in abundant rainfall. The location and strength of the ITCZ influence the intensity and duration of precipitation. Furthermore, large-scale climatic phenomena, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), can lead to variations in rainfall patterns. El Niño events, characterized by warmer ocean temperatures in the eastern Pacific, often lead to reduced rainfall in Dundo, while La Niña events, with cooler temperatures, bring increased precipitation.

Historical Snowfall Event

On August 13, 2021, an unprecedented snowfall occurred in Dundo, Angola, a town located in the Lunda Norte province. This is one of the first recorded cases of snowfall in Angola’s history. The snowfall lasted for several hours, covering the town in a blanket of white, startling local residents who were unaccustomed to such a phenomenon. The snowfall was a result of a cold front colliding with warm, moist air, creating conditions conducive to snow formation.

Impact on Local Population and Infrastructure

The snowfall in Dundo had minimal impact on infrastructure or transportation, as the snow melted quickly after ceasing. However, it provided a rare opportunity for the local population to experience and enjoy an unusual weather event. Children and adults alike took to the streets to build snowmen, throw snowballs, and marvel at the unusual sight of snow-covered landscapes. The novelty of the snowfall generated widespread excitement and wonder among the residents of Dundo, creating lasting memories of this remarkable weather occurrence.

Sunrise and Sunset Times

In Dundo, Angola, the sunrise and sunset times vary throughout the year due to the Earth’s tilt and its orbit around the Sun. Typically, the sunrise occurs between 6:00 AM and 6:30 AM, while the sunset takes place between 6:00 PM and 6:30 PM local time. During the summer months, the days are longer, and the sun rises and sets later. In contrast, during the winter months, the days are shorter, and the sun rises and sets earlier.

Sun Position and Intensity

The sun’s position in the sky changes throughout the day, as it moves from east to west. At noon, the sun is at its highest point, which is directly overhead. The sun’s intensity also varies throughout the day, with the highest intensity occurring around noon. During the early morning and late evening, the sun’s intensity is lower, producing a more diffused and softer light.

Moon’s Appearance and Cycles in Dundo

In Dundo, Angola, the moon’s appearance and cycles are influenced by its geographic location in the southern hemisphere. The moon rises and sets from the northeast and northwest, respectively, and its phases are clearly visible during clear nights. During a full moon, the moon appears high in the sky and casts a bright glow, illuminating the surroundings. Conversely, during a new moon, the moon is not visible, creating a dark sky perfect for stargazing. The moon also goes through its typical phases of waxing and waning, transitioning from a crescent shape to a full moon and back.

Cultural Significance of the Moon in Dundo

Among the local Chokwe and Lunda peoples of Dundo, the moon holds cultural and spiritual significance. The Chokwe associate the moon with fertility and growth, while the Lunda believe it influences the menstrual cycle and agricultural harvests. Traditional rituals and ceremonies sometimes align with specific phases of the moon, such as planting and harvesting times. Moreover, the moon serves as a timekeeping tool for locals, who rely on its phases to determine the time of year and plan their activities accordingly. The moon’s rhythmic cycles have become an integral part of the cultural fabric of Dundo, reflecting the deep connection between the people and the natural world.

Seasonal Humidity Variation

Dundo, Angola, experiences distinct seasonal variations in humidity. During the dry season, which typically runs from May to September, humidity levels are low. The average relative humidity during this period hovers around 35-45%, creating a dry and arid atmosphere. However, as the rainy season approaches in October, humidity levels begin to rise steadily.

Humid Rainy Season

The rainy season in Dundo lasts roughly from October to April and is characterized by high humidity. During this period, the average relative humidity remains consistently above 60%, often reaching its peak in March and April. The high humidity, combined with heavy rainfall, creates a humid and often oppressive atmosphere. However, these humid conditions are essential for the region’s agriculture and vegetation.

Health Concerns and Mitigation

The high humidity during the rainy season can pose certain health concerns for residents in Dundo. Excessive humidity can contribute to heat exhaustion, dehydration, and discomfort. To mitigate these effects, it is crucial to stay hydrated, wear loose and breathable clothing, and avoid strenuous activities during the hottest hours of the day. Additionally, air conditioners and fans can help create a more comfortable indoor environment.

Wind Seasonality in Dundo

Dundo, the capital of Angola’s Lunda Norte Province, experiences distinct wind patterns throughout the year. During the wet season, from November to April, the prevailing winds are moist and blow from the southwest. These winds carry significant amounts of rainfall, contributing to the region’s lush vegetation and abundant water resources. Conversely, the dry season, from May to October, brings drier winds that originate from the southeast. These winds are less humid and carry less rainfall, resulting in a more arid environment with reduced vegetation cover.

Wind Speed and Direction

The wind speed in Dundo varies depending on the season and time of day. During the wet season, winds tend to be stronger, with an average speed of around 10-15 kilometers per hour. During the dry season, wind speeds are generally lower, averaging around 5-10 kilometers per hour. The prevailing wind direction throughout the year is from the southwest, bringing moist air from the Atlantic Ocean. However, during the dry season, there can be occasional shifts in wind direction, with winds blowing from the southeast or northeast. These shifting winds are often associated with the movement of weather systems across the region.

Weather Conditions:

Dundo experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons, making it a year-round destination. The hottest months are September and October, with average temperatures reaching around 30°C (86°F). The cool season lasts from May to August, with average temperatures hovering around 24°C (75°F). However, the humidity levels remain high throughout the year, making it feel warmer than the actual temperature.

Recommended Season:

The best time to visit Dundo for optimal weather conditions is during the dry season, which runs from May to October. During this period, rainfall is minimal, and the skies are clear, providing ample opportunities for outdoor activities and sightseeing. Additionally, the cooler temperatures make it more comfortable to explore the city and its surroundings. However, it’s worth noting that the dry season can also be hazy due to smoke from surrounding sugarcane burning areas. For those interested in avoiding the haze and seeking more pleasant temperatures, the early part of the wet season, typically from November to April, can be a suitable alternative.

Solar Potential and Resources

Dundo, Angola, boasts abundant solar resources due to its tropical location and high levels of sunshine. The average daily solar irradiance ranges from 5.5 to 6.5 kWh/m², providing a significant potential for solar energy generation. The city experiences approximately 3,000 hours of sunshine annually, making it an ideal candidate for harnessing solar power.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite Dundo’s solar potential, there are several challenges that need to be addressed to fully exploit this resource. One primary challenge is the lack of reliable and affordable electricity infrastructure in the region. Additionally, the high upfront costs associated with solar photovoltaic (PV) systems can be a barrier to widespread adoption. To overcome these challenges, investment in grid infrastructure and financing mechanisms is crucial. Furthermore, the government can play a vital role by providing incentives and subsidies to encourage solar energy development.

Geographic Overview

Dundo, the capital city of Lunda Norte Province in Angola, is situated in the northeastern region of the country. It lies on the eastern edge of the Kasai Basin, a vast, flat plain that stretches into the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The topography of Dundo is characterized by its gently rolling hills and low-lying areas, which gradually transition into the Congo Basin to the east. The city is surrounded by the Lunda Plateau, a series of highlands that extend throughout the province.

The Lunda Plateau

The Lunda Plateau, which dominates the topography of Lunda Norte Province, reaches an average elevation of 1,000 to 1,300 meters above sea level. It is comprised of ancient sedimentary rocks that have been weathered over time to form a series of steep escarpments and rugged hills. The plateau’s slopes are dotted with deep gorges and ravines, creating a diverse landscape with rich flora and fauna. The Lunda Plateau is also home to numerous rivers and waterfalls, which flow into the Kasai Basin. The Cuango River, which forms the border between Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, originates in the Lunda Plateau and flows through Dundo before joining the Kasai River.

Dundo Airport (DUE)

Dundo Airport (DUE) is a public airport located in the city of Dundo, Lunda Norte Province, Angola. It is the primary airport serving the region and offers limited scheduled commercial flights. The airport has a single asphalt runway, designated 11/29, measuring 2,400 meters in length and 45 meters in width. DUE is equipped with basic infrastructure, including a passenger terminal, apron, and air traffic control tower. It is operated by the National Institute of Civil Aviation (INAVIC).

Nearby Airports

The nearest major airport to Dundo is Luanda Quatro de Fevereiro Airport (LAD), located approximately 640 kilometers (400 miles) to the southwest. LAD is the main international gateway to Angola and offers a wide range of domestic and international connections. It is a modern and well-equipped airport, serving as a hub for several airlines. Passengers traveling to and from Dundo can connect through Luanda to reach various destinations in Angola, Africa, and beyond.

History and Significance

Dundo, formerly known as Henrique de Carvalho, is a city located in northeastern Angola. Founded in 1912 as the administrative center of the diamond-rich Lunda Norte province, Dundo played a pivotal role in Angola’s diamond mining industry. The city is home to the headquarters of the Sociedade Mineira de Catoca (SMC), one of the largest diamond mines in the world. Dundo’s history is closely tied to the diamond industry, and its economic prosperity has largely depended on diamond extraction.

Culture and Tourism

Despite its economic importance, Dundo is also known for its diverse cultural heritage. The city is home to a mix of ethnic groups, including the Tshokwe, Lunda, and Cokwe, who have each contributed to Dundo’s vibrant culture. The city’s cultural attractions include the Dundo Museum, which houses a collection of artifacts depicting the history and culture of the region. Dundo also boasts a lively music and dance scene, and visitors can enjoy traditional performances at local festivals and events. In recent years, Dundo has attracted tourists interested in exploring its natural beauty, including the Cuango River and the surrounding forests.