Dschang Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Cameroon

Temperature

Dschang enjoys a tropical savanna climate with year-round warmth. Temperatures are relatively consistent throughout the year, with average highs hovering around the mid-80s Fahrenheit (29-30 degrees Celsius) and average lows in the mid-60s Fahrenheit (18-19 degrees Celsius). The coolest months are June and July, while the warmest months are March and April.

Rainfall

Dschang receives abundant rainfall, averaging over 60 inches (1500 mm) per year. The wet season lasts from March to November, with the heaviest rainfall occurring during the months of August and September. During this time, Dschang experiences frequent thunderstorms, often accompanied by torrential downpours. The dry season, from December to February, is generally less rainy, although sporadic showers are still possible. The humidity is high throughout the year, contributing to the overall warm and humid climate of Dschang.

Monthly Average Temperatures

Dschang, nestled in the West Region of Cameroon, experiences tropical climatic conditions with relatively consistent temperatures throughout the year. The average temperature ranges between 20°C (68°F) and 25°C (77°F). The warmest months are February, March, and April, with average temperatures reaching around 25°C (77°F). The coolest months are July and August, with average temperatures dipping to around 20°C (68°F).

Seasonal Temperature Variations

Dschang’s temperature variations are primarily influenced by its altitude and distance from the equator. Located at an elevation of around 1,500 meters (4,920 feet), Dschang benefits from a slightly cooler climate compared to lowland areas in Cameroon. Additionally, its proximity to the equator results in relatively constant day and night temperatures, with minimal seasonal fluctuations.

Factors Influencing Temperature

The temperature in Dschang is influenced by several factors, including its geography, altitude, and proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. The city’s mountainous terrain and elevation contribute to its cooler temperatures compared to lower-altitude areas. The Atlantic Ocean provides a source of moisture, which can influence humidity levels and affect the perceived temperature.

Cloud Types and Patterns

Dschang, Cameroon experiences a variety of cloud types and patterns. During the wet season (April-October), the sky is often dominated by cumulonimbus clouds, which are tall, puffy clouds that can produce thunderstorms. In the dry season (November-March), cirrus clouds are more common. These are thin, wispy clouds that are made of ice crystals. Other cloud types observed in Dschang include stratocumulus, altocumulus, and nimbostratus.

Influence of Terrain and Vegetation

The terrain and vegetation of Dschang have a significant impact on the formation of clouds. The city is located in the Bamenda Highlands, which are a series of mountains and hills. These highlands force air to rise, which can lead to the formation of clouds. The dense vegetation in the region also contributes to cloud formation by releasing moisture into the atmosphere.

Cloud Cover and Precipitation

The amount of cloud cover in Dschang varies throughout the year. During the wet season, the city experiences an average of 15-20 days with overcast skies. In the dry season, the average number of overcast days drops to 5-10. The cloud cover in Dschang also influences the amount of precipitation the city receives. During the wet season, the city receives an average of 2,000 mm of rain. In the dry season, the average rainfall drops to 500 mm.

Monthly Precipitation

Dschang, Cameroon experiences a tropical monsoon climate with two distinct seasons: a wet season and a dry season. During the wet season, which spans from April to October, the city receives substantial rainfall. The peak of the wet season occurs in June and July, when monthly precipitation averages over 300 mm. During the dry season, which lasts from November to March, precipitation is significantly less, with monthly totals typically below 50 mm. The city’s average annual precipitation is approximately 1,800 mm.

Spatial Distribution and Topography

Precipitation in Dschang exhibits a complex spatial distribution due to the city’s unique topography. The city is situated within the mountainous region of Cameroon, which influences rainfall patterns. The highest rainfall occurs along the western slopes of the mountains, where it can exceed 2,500 mm annually. This is due to the orographic effect, where moist air is lifted and cools as it ascends the mountain slopes, resulting in condensation and precipitation. In contrast, the eastern slopes of the mountains receive less rainfall, with annual totals dropping below 1,500 mm. This is because the air has already lost much of its moisture as it travels over the mountains.

Rainfall Patterns in Dschang, Cameroon

Dschang, Cameroon, experiences a tropical rainforest climate with abundant rainfall throughout the year. The city’s proximity to the equator results in two rainy seasons: one from March to June, and a longer one from September to November. During these seasons, heavy downpours are frequent, with average monthly rainfall exceeding 400mm. The region is also prone to thunderstorms and electrical storms, which often accompany the rainfall.

Inter-Annual Variability

The annual rainfall in Dschang exhibits inter-annual variability, which is influenced by factors such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ). During El Niño years, when the Pacific Ocean experiences warmer-than-average temperatures, the rainfall in Dschang tends to be lower. Conversely, during La Niña years, when the Pacific Ocean cools below average, the rainfall in Dschang increases. Additionally, the position and intensity of the ITCZ, a band of low pressure that brings rainfall to the tropics, influences the amount of rainfall received in Dschang.

Historical Snowfall Events

Dschang, Cameroon, a city located in the Western Highlands, has historically experienced snowfall on several rare occasions. In 1956, a significant snowfall blanketed the city, causing widespread awe and disbelief among the local population. The snow persisted for several hours, transforming the landscape into a winter wonderland. In subsequent years, minor snowfalls have also occurred sporadically, although these occurrences are highly infrequent.

Climatic Conditions and Snow Formation

Dschang’s climate is characterized by cool temperatures, high rainfall, and a long wet season that spans from March to November. The city’s elevation of approximately 1,500 meters above sea level contributes to its relatively chilly temperatures, which hover around 15-25 degrees Celsius throughout the year. While snowfall is uncommon in Cameroon, the combination of cool temperatures and high humidity during the wet season can occasionally lead to the formation of snow when high-altitude air masses descend and encounter colder conditions near the ground.

Sunrise and Sunset Times

In Dschang, Cameroon, the sun rises at approximately 6:00 AM and sets at around 6:00 PM throughout the year. This is due to the city’s close proximity to the equator, which results in little variation in daylight hours. The equinoxes, which occur in March and September, mark the days with equal day and night, while the solstices, occurring in June and December, bring the longest and shortest days, respectively.

Sunlight Hours and Solar Radiation

Dschang enjoys an average of 12 hours of sunlight per day, providing ample sunshine for outdoor activities and solar energy applications. The city receives significant solar radiation throughout the year, averaging around 5.5 kilowatt-hours per square meter per day. This abundant solar energy offers potential for sustainable development initiatives and renewable energy projects. The intensity of solar radiation varies slightly throughout the year, with the driest months typically experiencing higher levels due to reduced cloud cover.

Moon’s Appearance in Dschang, Cameroon

The moon’s appearance in Dschang, Cameroon, varies significantly depending on the phase it is in. During the new moon, the moon is not visible from Earth as it is directly between the Sun and Earth. As the moon moves into the waxing crescent phase, a thin sliver of the moon becomes visible in the western sky just after sunset. As the moon progresses through its phases, it gradually becomes more visible, reaching its peak during the full moon, when it is fully illuminated and appears opposite the Sun in the night sky.

Factors Affecting Lunar Visibility

The visibility of the moon in Dschang, Cameroon, is influenced by several factors. The presence of clouds can obscure the moon’s light, making it difficult to see. Additionally, the time of year can affect the moon’s visibility. During the rainy season, which typically occurs from April to October, cloud cover is more common, reducing the moon’s visibility. Conversely, during the dry season, which occurs from November to March, skies tend to be clearer, providing better conditions for moon viewing.

Humidity in Dschang, Cameroon

Dschang, a city in Cameroon, experiences high humidity throughout the year. The average relative humidity ranges from 75% to 90%, with higher levels during the rainy season (March to October) and slightly lower levels during the dry season (November to February). The high humidity in Dschang is primarily attributed to its equatorial climate, characterized by abundant rainfall and warm temperatures.

The high humidity levels can have various implications. On the one hand, they can contribute to the lush vegetation and varied biodiversity of the region. The humid environment provides favorable conditions for plant growth, fostering a rich ecosystem. On the other hand, excessive humidity can create discomfort for humans, leading to increased sweating, heat exhaustion, and respiratory issues. In addition, high humidity can damage electronics, promote mold growth, and corrode metal surfaces if proper measures are not taken.

Wind Speed

Dschang, Cameroon is characterized by low to moderate wind speeds throughout the year. During the dry season, from November to March, the predominant wind direction is from the northeast, with average speeds ranging from 6 to 10 kilometers per hour (3.7 to 6.2 miles per hour). During the wet season, from April to October, the wind direction shifts predominantly to the southwest, with slightly increased speeds of 8 to 12 kilometers per hour (5.0 to 7.5 miles per hour). Notably, the wind speeds experience little diurnal variation, remaining relatively constant day and night.

Wind Patterns

The wind patterns in Dschang are largely influenced by its geographical location and the prevailing atmospheric circulation. The town is situated in the mountainous region of western Cameroon, surrounded by hills and valleys that can channel and modify the wind flow. During the dry season, a northeastern trade wind prevails over the region, bringing relatively stable and dry air masses from the Sahara Desert. In contrast, during the wet season, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts northward, bringing moist and unstable air masses from the Atlantic Ocean. The interaction between these air masses and the local topography results in the southwestward wind direction and increased wind speeds observed during the wet season.

Dry Season (November to March)

The best time to visit Dschang, Cameroon, is during the dry season, which spans from November to March. This is the most favorable time to enjoy the city’s natural beauty and outdoor activities. With minimal rainfall and pleasantly warm temperatures, the dry season provides ample opportunities for exploring the region’s stunning waterfalls, hiking through picturesque trails, and marveling at the lush greenery that surrounds Dschang. The absence of excessive heat or humidity makes it ideal for extended outdoor excursions and sightseeing.

Pleasant Transition (April to May and September to October)

The transitional periods between the dry and rainy seasons, from April to May and September to October, offer a pleasant balance of weather conditions. While rain showers can occur occasionally, they are typically brief and provide a refreshing respite from the warm temperatures. The greenery remains vibrant during these months, and the landscape is adorned with colorful wildflowers. This makes it a suitable time for nature enthusiasts to experience Dschang’s natural wonders without the crowds or extreme weather conditions that can be associated with the peak season.

Solar Resource and Potential

Dschang, a city in the Western Region of Cameroon, is endowed with abundant solar energy. The city experiences high levels of solar irradiance throughout the year, with an average of 5.4 kWh/m²/day. This solar potential offers significant opportunities for harnessing solar energy to meet the city’s energy needs. The deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems can generate clean, renewable electricity, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and contributing to a greener environment.

Current Adoption and Challenges

Despite its high solar potential, solar energy adoption in Dschang is still in its early stages. A limited number of solar PV systems have been installed, primarily for residential and small-scale commercial applications. However, several challenges hinder widespread solar energy deployment. These include high upfront investment costs, limited access to financing, lack of technical expertise, and inadequate government policies and incentives. Overcoming these challenges is crucial to unlocking the full potential of solar energy in Dschang and driving its adoption within the city.

Western Highlands

Dschang is situated in the Western Highlands of Cameroon, an elevated region characterized by rolling hills, lush vegetation, and a temperate climate. The hills provide scenic vistas and create a unique microclimate that contributes to the area’s agricultural productivity. The region is known for its fertile soils, supporting the cultivation of coffee, tea, and other crops. The presence of water bodies, such as the Menoua River, provides irrigation and enriches the ecosystem.

Bamileke Plateau

The Bamileke Plateau, where Dschang is located, is a sub-region of the Western Highlands. It is characterized by its undulating landscape and numerous crater lakes, formed by volcanic activity in the distant past. The plateau’s elevation ranges from 1,000 to 1,500 meters above sea level, contributing to its cooler and more temperate climate. The area’s geological history has shaped its unique topography, creating picturesque waterfalls, gorges, and rock formations that enhance its natural beauty. The Bamileke Plateau is also home to diverse wildlife and a rich cultural heritage.

Bamenda Airport (BPC)

Bamenda Airport (BPC), located approximately 90 kilometers (56 miles) northwest of Dschang, is the nearest airport with regularly scheduled flights to and from major cities within Cameroon and neighboring countries. BPC features a single asphalt runway suitable for small aircraft, including turboprops and regional jets. The airport has a small terminal building, offering basic amenities and limited services. Several airlines operate flights from BPC to destinations such as Yaoundé Nsimalen Airport (NSI) in the capital, Douala International Airport (DLA) on the coast, and N’Gaoundere Airport (NGE) in the north.

Douala International Airport (DLA)

Douala International Airport (DLA) is Cameroon’s largest and busiest airport, located approximately 220 kilometers (137 miles) southwest of Dschang. DLA is an international hub for air travel, with numerous airlines offering flights to destinations within Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. The airport features a modern terminal building with state-of-the-art facilities, including multiple runways, spacious lounges, duty-free shops, and a variety of dining options. While DLA is further away from Dschang than BPC, it offers a wider range of flights and connections to both domestic and international destinations.

History and Geography of Dschang

Dschang is a city in the Western Region of Cameroon. It is the chief town of the Menoua department and the capital of the Bamileke people. Dschang is located in the foothills of the Bamenda Mountains, at an altitude of approximately 1,500 meters. The city is surrounded by lush vegetation and has a pleasant climate. Dschang is home to the University of Dschang, one of the leading universities in Cameroon.

The history of Dschang dates back to the 19th century, when it was founded by the Bamileke people. The city quickly became an important trading center and a center of learning. In the early 20th century, Dschang was occupied by the Germans. After World War I, the city became part of French Cameroon. Cameroon gained independence in 1960, and Dschang has since been an important city in the country.