Djougou Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Benin

Climate Overview:

Djougou enjoys a tropical wet and dry climate, characterized by two distinct seasons. The humid season, stretching from March to October, brings abundant rainfall and high humidity. During this period, temperatures range from an average of 25°C (77°F) to 32°C (90°F), with occasional peaks reaching 35°C (95°F). The dry season, from November to February, is marked by a sharp decrease in rainfall and lower humidity. Temperatures remain relatively warm, averaging between 23°C (73°F) and 31°C (88°F), with occasional cool nights dipping to around 18°C (64°F).

Average Weather by Month:

January: Dry and warm, with average temperatures ranging from 18°C (64°F) at night to 31°C (88°F) during the day.
February: Transition from dry to wet season, with occasional showers and increasing humidity. Temperatures continue to be warm, ranging from 19°C (66°F) to 32°C (90°F).
March: The start of the rainy season, with frequent rainfall and high humidity. Temperatures rise slightly, averaging between 20°C (68°F) and 34°C (93°F).
April: Heavy rainfall and high humidity persist. Temperatures remain warm and stable, with averages ranging from 21°C (70°F) to 34°C (93°F).
May: The wettest month, with almost daily rainfall and high humidity. Temperatures reach their highest point of the year, averaging from 22°C (72°F) to 33°C (91°F).
June: Continued heavy rainfall and high humidity. Temperatures remain elevated, averaging from 22°C (72°F) to 33°C (91°F).
July: The end of the rainy season, with decreasing rainfall and humidity. Temperatures start to drop slightly, averaging from 21°C (70°F) to 32°C (90°F).
August: Transition from wet to dry season, with occasional showers. Temperatures continue to decrease, averaging from 20°C (68°F) to 31°C (88°F).
September: Beginning of the dry season, with little rainfall and decreasing humidity. Temperatures range from 19°C (66°F) to 30°C (86°F).
October: Dry and warm, with occasional showers towards the end of the month. Temperatures continue to drop, averaging from 18°C (64°F) to 29°C (84°F).
November: Dry and cool, with average temperatures ranging from 17°C (63°F) to 28°C (82°F).
December: The coolest month, with low humidity and occasional cool nights. Temperatures average from 16°C (61°F) at night to 27°C (81°F) during the day.

Monthly Temperatures

Djougou, Benin experiences distinct seasonal variations in temperature. The hottest months are March to May, with average temperatures reaching up to 34°C (93°F) during the day. The coolest months are July and August, when temperatures average around 25°C (77°F). The rainy season from May to October brings slightly cooler temperatures and higher humidity.

Annual Temperature

Overall, Djougou has a warm to hot tropical climate with an annual average temperature of around 29°C (84°F). The city’s proximity to the equator contributes to its consistently warm weather throughout the year. While there are minor fluctuations in temperature between seasons, the daily temperature range is generally within a few degrees of the annual average.

Cloud Types and Characteristics

Djougou, Benin, is characterized by a variety of cloud types throughout the year. During the wet season, which typically lasts from May to October, cumulonimbus clouds are common. These clouds are tall, puffy, and can produce heavy rainfall. Cirrus clouds, on the other hand, are thin, wispy clouds that are made of ice crystals. They are often seen during the dry season, which lasts from November to April.

Cloud Cover and Precipitation

Cloud cover in Djougou varies significantly throughout the year. During the wet season, cloud cover is typically high, leading to frequent rainfall. The city receives an average of 1200 millimeters of rain each year, most of which falls during the wet season. During the dry season, cloud cover is much lower, resulting in less precipitation. However, occasional thunderstorms can occur during this time.

Characteristics of Precipitation in Djougou, Benin

Djougou is located in the northern part of Benin, within the Guinean savanna climate zone. The city experiences a distinct wet and dry season, with most precipitation occurring during the wet season from April to October. During this period, thunderstorms are common, bringing heavy downpours and intense rainfall. The annual average precipitation in Djougou is approximately 1,200 mm (47 inches), with the wettest months being July and August.

Variability and Trends in Precipitation Patterns

The precipitation patterns in Djougou exhibit considerable variability from year to year. Droughts and floods can occur, with the frequency and severity of these events influenced by factors such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and climate change. Long-term trends in precipitation patterns have also been observed, with studies suggesting a slight decrease in annual precipitation over the past few decades. This trend is consistent with broader regional and global observations indicating a decrease in rainfall in the Sahel region of Africa.

Seasonal Distribution of Rainfall in Djougou, Benin

Djougou, a town in northern Benin, experiences a distinct seasonal distribution of rainfall. The rainy season typically lasts from April to October, with peak rainfall occurring in August. During this period, heavy downpours and thunderstorms are common, bringing substantial amounts of precipitation. The monthly rainfall during the wet season can exceed 200 millimeters, contributing to the lush vegetation and agricultural productivity of the region.

Inter-Annual Variability of Rainfall in Djougou, Benin

The inter-annual variability of rainfall in Djougou is significant, with variations in both the timing and amount of precipitation. Some years may experience delayed or early onset of the rainy season, while others may witness extreme rainfall events leading to flooding. These variations are influenced by a complex interplay of global climate patterns, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the West African Monsoon. The variability of rainfall poses challenges for water resource management and agricultural planning in the region.

Geography and Climate

Djougou is a city in northwestern Benin, situated in the Atakora Mountains. The climate in the Djougou area is characterized by high temperatures and low humidity throughout the year. The average annual temperature is 27°C (81°F), with little variation between seasons. Rainfall is concentrated during the wet season, which lasts from April to October. During the dry season, from November to March, rainfall is scarce, and temperatures can reach up to 40°C (104°F).

Probability of Snowfall

Due to its location near the equator, Djougou experiences a tropical climate, making snowfall highly unlikely. The city has never recorded snowfall in its history. The closest location to Djougou that has ever experienced snowfall is the city of Constantine, Algeria, which is located over 2,000 kilometers (1,200 miles) to the north. Snowfall in Constantine is also extremely rare, occurring only a few times over the past century. The combination of Djougou’s geographical location and prevailing climate patterns makes snowfall in the city virtually impossible.

Climate of Djougou, Benin

Djougou experiences a tropical wet and dry climate, with a pronounced dry season from November to April and a wet season from May to October. The average annual temperature is around 27 degrees Celsius (80.6 degrees Fahrenheit). During the dry season, temperatures can drop to as low as 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit) at night, while during the wet season, temperatures can reach as high as 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit). The average annual rainfall is around 1,200 millimeters (47 inches), most of which falls during the wet season.

Impact on Solar Energy

The abundant sunshine in Djougou makes it an ideal location for solar energy development. The average daily solar radiation is around 5.5 kilowatt-hours per square meter, which is significantly higher than the global average. This high level of solar radiation means that solar panels can generate a significant amount of electricity in Djougou, even during the cloudy season. As a result, solar energy is a promising source of renewable energy for Djougou and the surrounding region.

Moonrise and Moonset Times in Djougou

Djougou, a town in northern Benin, experiences regular moonrise and moonset cycles. The specific times of these events vary throughout the month, but generally, the moon rises in the east and sets in the west. During the full moon phase, the moon is visible all night long, while during the new moon phase, it is not visible at all. The exact times of moonrise and moonset in Djougou can be calculated using astronomical software or online resources.

Moon Phases in Djougou

The moon goes through a cycle of phases, each lasting approximately 29.5 days. In Djougou, the moon phases are similar to those observed in other parts of the world. The full moon is the brightest and most prominent phase, followed by the waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent, new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, and waxing gibbous phases. The moon’s phases are caused by the changing angle at which sunlight illuminates the moon as it orbits the Earth.

Seasonal Variations in Humidity

Humidity levels in Djougou, Benin, vary significantly throughout the year. The dry season, which spans from November to April, is characterized by low humidity. During this time, the average relative humidity hovers around 20-30%. The onset of the rainy season in May brings a dramatic increase in humidity, reaching its peak in August and September. During these months, the relative humidity often exceeds 80%, creating a humid and oppressive atmosphere.

Day-to-Night Fluctuations

Humidity levels also exhibit a notable pattern throughout the day. During the early morning hours, when temperatures are cooler, humidity tends to be higher. As the sun rises and temperatures increase, humidity typically decreases. By mid-afternoon, humidity reaches its lowest point of the day. As the sun sets and temperatures begin to fall, humidity gradually rises again. This diurnal cycle is consistent throughout the year, although the amplitude of the fluctuations can vary depending on the season.

Overview of Wind Patterns in Djougou, Benin

Djougou, a town situated in northwestern Benin, experiences distinct wind patterns throughout the year. The region is primarily influenced by two prevailing wind directions: the Harmattan and the monsoon winds. From December to March, the dry, northeasterly Harmattan winds dominate, bringing with them hazy and dusty conditions. These winds can be strong and gusty, occasionally reaching speeds of up to 40 kilometers per hour. Conversely, from June to October, the humid, southwesterly monsoon winds prevail. These winds bring increased rainfall and humidity to the region and typically have lower wind speeds than the Harmattan winds.

Seasonal Variations in Wind Patterns

The seasonal shifts in wind patterns significantly impact the climate of Djougou. During the Harmattan season, the town experiences dry and dusty conditions, with limited rainfall. The strong winds can cause discomfort and respiratory problems for residents. In contrast, the monsoon season brings an abundance of rain, turning Djougou’s landscape lush and green. The lower wind speeds during this period allow for pleasant outdoor activities, and the increased humidity provides relief from the dry Harmattan winds. The transition periods between these two seasons bring variable wind patterns and occasional thunderstorms.

Dry Season: November to April

Djougou’s dry season offers the most pleasant weather for visitors. The rainfall is minimal, and the temperatures are moderate, with daytime highs typically reaching the mid-30s and nighttime lows in the early 20s. This season is ideal for outdoor activities such as game drives and trekking in the surrounding national parks, as well as exploring the city’s markets and cultural attractions. The dry season also coincides with the country’s traditional festivals, providing a glimpse into Benin’s vibrant heritage.

Rainy Season: May to October

During the rainy season, Djougou experiences heavy rainfall, which can make outdoor activities less enjoyable. However, the rains bring a lushness to the landscape, and the air becomes cooler and more humid. The average temperature remains in the mid-30s during the day, but the humidity can make it feel hotter. Despite the rain, the rainy season in Djougou offers its own unique experiences. Visitors can witness the dramatic waterfalls and lush vegetation that the rains bring forth. Additionally, the city’s markets come alive during this time, as farmers and vendors bring their produce to sell.

Solar Energy Potential in Djougou, Benin

Djougou is a city in northern Benin with significant potential for solar energy development. The region receives abundant sunlight year-round, making it an ideal location for photovoltaic (PV) systems. Studies have shown that Djougou receives an average of 5.5-6.0 kilowatt-hours per square meter (kWh/m2) of solar radiation daily, providing ample energy resources for both residential and industrial use. Additionally, the relatively low cost of PV technology and decreasing battery storage prices have made solar energy a more economically viable option in recent years.

Implementation and Benefits

The Djougou region has already begun implementing solar energy projects on a small scale. Several schools, healthcare facilities, and businesses have installed PV systems to power their operations, reducing their reliance on fossil fuels and improving electricity access. The government of Benin has also launched initiatives to promote solar energy adoption, including tax incentives and subsidies for renewable energy investments. By harnessing the abundant solar resources, Djougou can not only reduce its carbon footprint but also enhance its energy security and promote economic growth.

Elevation and Slope

Djougou is situated in the region of Donga, Benin, at an elevation of approximately 548 meters (1,798 feet) above sea level. The topography of Djougou is characterized by rolling hills and plateaus, which gradually descend towards the lowlands in the south. The landscape is generally flat to gently sloping, with a regional gradient towards the Niger River. However, isolated hills can rise to elevations of up to 680 meters (2,231 feet), providing panoramic views of the surrounding countryside. The slopes within Djougou range from gentle (less than 5 degrees) to moderate (5-15 degrees), making most of the land suitable for agriculture and development.

Drainage and Water Bodies

Djougou is drained by the Djougou River, a major tributary of the Niger River. The river flows in a north-south direction through the town, creating a valley that forms the central axis of the urban area. The Djougou River is critical for the town’s water supply, irrigation, and flood control. Several tributaries join the Djougou River within the town’s boundaries, forming a complex network of streams and channels. In addition to rivers, Djougou also has numerous ponds and lakes, which are important sources of water for both human consumption and agriculture. The presence of water bodies enhances the town’s natural beauty and provides habitat for various aquatic species.

Djougou Airport

Djougou Airport (IATA: DJA) is a regional airport serving Djougou, a city in northern Benin. It is located 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) west of the city center. The airport has a single asphalt runway that is 1,500 meters (4,900 ft) long.

Nearby airports

The nearest major airport to Djougou is Cadjehoun Airport (IATA: COO) in Cotonou, the largest city in Benin. It is located approximately 400 kilometers (250 mi) south of Djougou. Other nearby airports include:

Parakou Airport (IATA: PKO), located approximately 100 kilometers (62 mi) east of Djougou
Natitingou Airport (IATA: NAE), located approximately 150 kilometers (93 mi) northwest of Djougou

History and Culture

Djougou is a historical town located in the Atakora Department of northern Benin. Its origins can be traced back to the 17th century when it was a strategic trading center for the Bariba people. During the trans-Atlantic slave trade, Djougou played a significant role as a slave trading hub, leaving a lasting impact on its culture and society. Today, Djougou is known for its rich cultural heritage and traditions, including vibrant festivals, traditional music, and artisanal crafts. It is a melting pot of different ethnic groups, each contributing to the town’s diverse cultural landscape.

Tourism and Economy

Djougou is a popular tourist destination for both domestic and international visitors. Its main attractions include the Tanougou Falls, a picturesque waterfall located just outside the town. The nearby Pendjari National Park, home to a wide variety of wildlife, offers opportunities for wildlife viewing and safari adventures. Djougou’s economy is primarily based on agriculture, with cotton, cashew nuts, and yams being the main cash crops. The town also has a growing tourism industry, particularly related to the national park and the Tanougou Falls. Additionally, handicrafts and traditional textiles are produced and sold in Djougou, contributing to the local economy and showcasing the town’s cultural heritage.