Dharan Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Nepal
Summer in Dharan
Summer in Dharan, Nepal, spans from March to June, bringing with it scorching temperatures that can reach up to 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). The humidity levels are also high, making the air feel thick and oppressive. Despite the heat, there is little rainfall during this time, with only occasional showers providing some relief. The days are long and filled with sunshine, making it ideal for outdoor activities such as hiking, biking, or simply relaxing in the shade.
Monsoon Season in Dharan
The monsoon season in Dharan, Nepal, typically lasts from June to September and brings with it heavy rainfall. During this time, the skies are often overcast, and rain can fall for days on end. While the rain provides much-needed respite from the summer heat, it can also cause flooding and landslides, particularly in vulnerable areas. Despite the rain, the temperatures remain relatively warm, with an average high of around 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit).
Seasonal Variation
Dharan, Nepal, experiences distinct seasonal variations in temperature. During the winter months (December to February), the city experiences relatively cold temperatures. The average minimum temperature in January, the coldest month, is around 11°C (52°F), and the average maximum temperature is around 22°C (72°F). The summer months (April to June) bring warm and humid weather. In May, the warmest month, the average minimum temperature is around 23°C (73°F) and the average maximum temperature is around 32°C (90°F). The monsoon season, which typically occurs from mid-June to late September, brings heavy rainfall and can lead to cooler temperatures.
Yearly Average
On an annual basis, the average temperature in Dharan is around 21°C (69°F). However, it is worth noting that the city experiences a wide range of temperatures throughout the year. Daily temperatures can fluctuate significantly, especially during the transition between seasons. Additionally, the city’s geographical location, being situated in a valley, can lead to localized variations in temperature. Overall, Dharan enjoys a pleasant climate year-round, with temperatures suitable for various outdoor activities and offering a comfortable living environment.
Cloud Types Observed in Dharan
Dharan, a city in Nepal, experiences a wide variety of cloud types throughout the year. During the monsoon season (June to September), thick nimbostratus clouds often dominate the sky, bringing heavy rainfall. These clouds extend over a large area and have a uniform, gray appearance. Cirrus clouds, high-altitude thin and wispy clouds, are common year-round in Dharan and can indicate fair weather. Cumulus clouds, puffy clouds that resemble cotton balls, are often seen during the morning and evening hours and typically dissipate during the day. These various cloud types contribute to the unique and ever-changing skyscapes of Dharan.
Cloud Cover and Precipitation
The cloud cover in Dharan influences the amount of precipitation the city receives. During the monsoon season, the consistent presence of nimbostratus clouds results in abundant rainfall. In contrast, during the winter months (December to February), when cloud cover is typically less, precipitation is scarce. Cloud cover also affects temperature, as clouds can block out the sun’s rays and reduce daytime heating. In Dharan, cloud cover during the monsoon season can lead to cooler temperatures, providing relief from the intense heat. Conversely, during the winter months, the lack of cloud cover can result in colder nights due to increased heat loss through radiation.
Dharan’s Precipitation Patterns
Dharan, Nepal, experiences a humid subtropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The annual precipitation averages around 1,500 millimeters (59 inches), with most rainfall occurring during the monsoon season from June to September. During this period, heavy downpours and thunderstorms are common, often resulting in localized flooding and landslides. The city receives an average of 600 millimeters (24 inches) of rain during the monsoon months alone.
Seasonal Variations in Precipitation
In the pre-monsoon period (March to May), precipitation gradually increases as the air becomes warmer and more humid. This period is characterized by occasional showers and thunderstorms. During the winter months (November to February), precipitation is at its lowest, with occasional light rain or snow. Temperatures can drop below freezing at night during this season, especially in the higher elevations of the surrounding hills.
Rainfall Patterns in Dharan
Dharan, located in eastern Nepal, experiences a subtropical monsoon climate characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The majority of the annual rainfall occurs during the monsoon season, which typically lasts from June to September. During this period, the city receives heavy rainfall due to the influence of the southwest monsoon winds that carry moisture-laden air from the Bay of Bengal. The average annual rainfall in Dharan is around 2,200 millimeters (87 inches), with significant variation between years.
Seasonal Variation
During the dry season, from October to May, rainfall is minimal. The winter months, from December to February, are particularly dry, with average monthly precipitation below 20 millimeters (0.8 inches). As the monsoon season approaches, the amount of rainfall gradually increases. In May and June, the city experiences moderate rainfall, with monthly averages around 100 millimeters (4 inches). The heaviest rainfall is concentrated in July and August, with average monthly precipitation exceeding 300 millimeters (12 inches).
Causes of Snowfall in Dharan
The snowfall in Dharan, Nepal, is a rare occurrence that has only been recorded a handful of times in the past few decades. The city is located in the eastern part of the country, in the foothills of the Himalayas. The snowfall is caused by a combination of factors, including the presence of high mountains, cold temperatures, and moisture from the Bay of Bengal. When these factors come together, they can create the perfect conditions for snowfall in Dharan.
Impacts of Snowfall in Dharan
The snowfall in Dharan has a significant impact on the city and its residents. The snow can disrupt transportation, close schools and businesses, and make it difficult for people to get around. It can also cause damage to infrastructure and homes. However, the snowfall can also be a beautiful sight, and it can provide opportunities for winter activities such as sledding and skiing.
Sun in Dharan, Nepal
Dharan, Nepal, experiences abundant sunshine throughout the year. During the summer months (April-September), the sun’s intensity is at its peak. The average daily solar radiation during this period ranges from 5.5 to 6.5 kWh/m². The clear skies and high altitude contribute to the intense solar radiation, making it an ideal location for solar energy generation.
In the winter months (October-March), the sun’s intensity decreases slightly, but still remains substantial. The average daily solar radiation during this period ranges from 4.0 to 5.0 kWh/m². The presence of occasional clouds and lower altitude can cause some variation in solar radiation, but overall, Dharan receives ample sunlight during all seasons. This makes it a prime location for harnessing solar energy and promoting sustainable development.
Moonrise and Moonset in Dharan
In Dharan, Nepal, the moon’s position and timing of its rise and set vary throughout the year due to the Earth’s orbit around the sun. The rising and setting times are closely linked to the lunar phase. During a new moon, the moon is not visible, as it aligns between the Earth and the sun. As the moon progresses through its phases, it becomes increasingly visible, reaching its peak during the full moon when it is fully illuminated by sunlight.
The precise timing of moonrise and moonset in Dharan can be calculated using astronomical tables or software. These calculations take into account the observer’s location, the date, and the time zone. For example, on July 20, 2023, the moon will rise in Dharan at approximately 7:07 PM (Nepal Standard Time) and set at 5:43 AM the following day.
Lunar Cycle and Moon Phases
The moon goes through a cycle of phases as it orbits the Earth, which takes approximately 29.5 days. These phases are determined by the changing angle between the sun, Earth, and moon. The new moon phase occurs when the moon is aligned between the sun and Earth, resulting in its dark side facing the Earth and making it invisible. As the moon moves in its orbit, more of its sunlit side becomes visible, leading to the crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, and full moon phases. After the full moon, the illuminated portion of the moon decreases, resulting in the waning gibbous, third quarter, and waning crescent phases before returning to the new moon phase.
Variation and Distribution of Humidity in Dharan, Nepal
Dharan experiences significant seasonal variations in humidity levels. During the monsoon season (June to September), the city experiences high humidity, with relative humidity often exceeding 90%. This high humidity is attributed to the influx of warm, moist air from the Bay of Bengal. In contrast, the winter months (December to February) are characterized by relatively low humidity, with levels dropping to around 40%. The low humidity during winter is caused by the influence of dry continental air masses from the north.
Factors Influencing Humidity in Dharan
Several factors contribute to the humidity variations in Dharan. The city’s proximity to the Bay of Bengal plays a crucial role, as the moisture-laden air from the sea influences humidity levels. Additionally, the topography of the region, with mountains to the north and south, affects the movement of air masses and influences humidity patterns. Furthermore, vegetation cover and human activities, such as irrigation and deforestation, can have an impact on local humidity levels.
Average Wind Speed and Direction
Dharan, Nepal, experiences moderate wind speeds throughout the year. The average wind speed ranges from 2.5 to 3.5 meters per second (5.6 to 7.9 miles per hour). During the summer months (June to September), the prevailing wind direction is from the southwest, bringing in warm and humid air from the Bay of Bengal. In the winter months (December to February), the wind typically blows from the north, bringing in cold and dry air from the Himalayan mountains.
Seasonal Variations
The wind patterns in Dharan vary slightly throughout the year. During the monsoon season (June to September), the wind speed increases due to the influx of moisture-laden air from the Bay of Bengal. The average wind speed during this period can reach up to 4 meters per second (9 miles per hour). In the post-monsoon season (October to November), the wind speed decreases as the monsoon winds retreat. During the winter months, the wind speed is at its lowest, with an average of 2.5 meters per second (5.6 miles per hour).
Spring (March-May):
Spring is a delightful time to visit Dharan, Nepal. The weather is pleasant, with warm days and cool nights, perfect for exploring the city’s many attractions. The skies are clear, offering stunning views of the surrounding mountains. The air is filled with the fragrance of blooming flowers, creating a vibrant and fragrant atmosphere. Visitors can enjoy outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling, or picnicking in the lush green hills and parks. The spring season also coincides with several festivals, including the Holi festival of colors, making it a joyous and culturally immersive time to visit.
Autumn (September-November):
Autumn is another excellent time to visit Dharan. The monsoon rains have subsided, leaving behind a clear and crisp atmosphere. The temperature is moderate, with pleasant days and slightly cooler nights. The autumn foliage transforms the surrounding hillsides into a riot of colors, creating breathtaking landscapes. It is an ideal time for hiking, birdwatching, and nature photography. Visitors can also enjoy the vibrant cultural scene and attend traditional festivals, such as the Dashain and Tihar festivals, which showcase Nepal’s rich heritage and customs.
Potential and Feasibility of Solar Energy in Dharan, Nepal
Dharan, a city in eastern Nepal, boasts immense potential for harnessing solar energy due to its high solar radiation levels. The city receives an average of five to seven hours of sunlight per day throughout the year, making it an ideal location for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. The installation of solar PV systems would significantly reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources, such as fossil fuels, and contribute to the city’s clean energy goals.
Barriers and Opportunities
Despite the abundance of solar energy resources in Dharan, there are challenges and opportunities to consider. Lack of infrastructure and limited technical expertise can hinder the widespread adoption of solar PV systems. Additionally, the initial investment costs associated with solar technology can be a barrier for some households and businesses. However, government incentives and subsidies, combined with awareness campaigns, can help overcome these barriers. By leveraging partnerships with local and international organizations, Dharan can create a conducive environment for solar energy development while fostering local expertise and economic growth.
Physical Characteristics
Dharan, nestled in Nepal’s eastern foothills, exhibits a diverse topography characterized by rolling hills, verdant valleys, and picturesque rivers. The city is situated at an altitude ranging from 300 to 1,000 meters above sea level, with the highest elevations found in the northern and eastern regions. The topography gradually descends towards the southeastern parts of Dharan, where the lowlands meet the Kosi River. Numerous rivers, including the Kusaha and Ratu, meander through the city’s landscape, adding to its scenic beauty.
Geological Formation
Dharan’s topography is a result of complex geological processes that shaped the region over millions of years. The city’s hills are primarily composed of sandstone and quartzite rock formations, which have been subjected to erosion and weathering over time. The valleys and lowlands, on the other hand, are formed from alluvial deposits brought by the rivers. These geological processes have also created unique geological features within Dharan, such as the Bijaypur limestone cave and the picturesque waterfalls found in the northern part of the city. The combination of the city’s diverse topography and geological formations contributes to its rich natural heritage and ecosystem, fostering a wide range of flora and fauna within its boundaries.
Biratnagar Airport (BIR)
Biratnagar Airport is the closest airport to Dharan, Nepal, located approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) to the east. The airport is served by several domestic airlines and offers scheduled flights to Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal. The drive from Biratnagar Airport to Dharan takes about an hour and can be arranged by taxi or private car.
Other Nearby Airports
There are two other airports located within a reasonable distance from Dharan:
- Janakpur Airport (JKR): This airport is located about 70 kilometers (43 miles) southeast of Dharan. It offers limited domestic flights to Kathmandu and a few other cities in Nepal.
- Bhadrapur Airport (BDP): This airport is located about 80 kilometers (50 miles) east of Dharan. It is primarily used for domestic flights within Nepal and has no international connections.
Geography and Climate
Dharan, nestled in the foothills of the Mahabharat Range in eastern Nepal, is an urban municipality renowned for its serene environment and scenic vistas. The city sprawls across an area of 196 square kilometers, bordered by the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve to the south and the Mahabharat Range to the north. Dharan’s topography is characterized by a series of steep slopes, valleys, and a lush canopy of vegetation.
The city experiences a subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Summers are hot and humid, with average temperatures hovering around 35 degrees Celsius. Winters are mild and pleasant, with average temperatures around 15 degrees Celsius. During the monsoon season (June to September), heavy rainfall can lead to flooding in some areas. The average annual rainfall is around 1,500 millimeters. Dharan is also known for its clean air and relatively low levels of pollution, making it a pleasant place to live and visit.