Dhaka Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Bangladesh

Summer Season (March – May)

Dhaka’s summer season is characterized by extreme heat and humidity, with temperatures often reaching the mid- to high-30s Celsius (90s Fahrenheit). The days are long and sunny, with little to no precipitation. The average humidity levels during this time exceed 80%, making it uncomfortable for outdoor activities. The combination of heat and humidity can lead to heat exhaustion and other heat-related illnesses.

Monsoon Season (June – October)

Dhaka’s monsoon season is known for heavy rainfall and flooding. The city receives an average of over 2,000 mm (80 inches) of rain during this period. The monsoon rains can cause significant disruption to daily life, leading to flooded streets, traffic congestion, and power outages. However, the monsoon season also brings relief from the extreme heat and humidity of the summer months. The average temperatures during this time range from mid- to high-20s Celsius (70s-80s Fahrenheit).

Seasonal Variations

Dhaka experiences significant seasonal variations in average temperature. During the hot and humid summer months (March-May), the average temperature hovers around 30-35 degrees Celsius (86-95 degrees Fahrenheit). High humidity levels amplify the heat, making it feel even hotter than the actual temperature. In contrast, the winter months (November-February) are relatively mild, with average temperatures ranging from 18-25 degrees Celsius (64-77 degrees Fahrenheit). The city enjoys a respite from humidity during this season, making it a more pleasant time for outdoor activities.

Extreme Temperatures

Dhaka has experienced extreme temperature fluctuations in recent years. During the summer months, the city has recorded temperatures as high as 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit), while during the winter months, it has fallen to as low as 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit). These temperature extremes can pose health risks to residents, particularly the elderly and vulnerable populations. Heat-related illnesses and respiratory problems can become more prevalent during extreme heat or cold.

Cloud Formation and Types in Dhaka

Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, is situated in a tropical region that experiences a variety of cloud types throughout the year. The formation of clouds in Dhaka is influenced by several factors, including temperature, humidity, and atmospheric instability. The warm and humid climate of Dhaka provides ideal conditions for cloud development.

The most common type of cloud observed in Dhaka is cumulus clouds. Cumulus clouds are characterized by their puffy, white appearance and are typically indicative of fair weather. During the monsoon season (June to October), Dhaka experiences heavy rainfall accompanied by cumulonimbus clouds. Cumulonimbus clouds are towering, anvil-shaped clouds that can produce thunderstorms and hail. Other types of clouds that are frequently observed in Dhaka include stratus clouds, which are flat and gray, and cirrus clouds, which are thin and wispy.

Cloud Patterns and Implications

The patterns and movement of clouds in Dhaka can provide valuable insights into weather conditions. Cumulus clouds that remain isolated and stationary usually indicate stable air conditions and clear weather. However, when cumulus clouds start to merge and grow vertically, it can be a sign of impending rain or thunderstorms. The presence of cirrus clouds high in the atmosphere can indicate an approaching weather front or a change in wind direction. By observing cloud patterns, residents of Dhaka can stay informed about upcoming weather conditions and adjust their activities accordingly.

Seasonal Patterns of Precipitation

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, experiences a pronounced seasonal pattern of precipitation. The city has a distinct wet season, which lasts from May to September, and a relatively dry season from October to April. During the wet season, Dhaka receives heavy rainfall, with an average monthly precipitation of over 300 mm. The city’s wettest months are July and August, when rainfall often exceeds 500 mm per month. In contrast, the dry season is characterized by much lower rainfall, with an average monthly precipitation of less than 50 mm. The driest months are December and January, when rainfall typically falls below 10 mm per month.

Variability and Extremes

The amount of precipitation that Dhaka receives can vary significantly from year to year. This variability is primarily driven by the strength and position of the monsoon winds, which bring moist air from the Bay of Bengal during the wet season. In years when the monsoon is particularly strong, Dhaka can receive exceptionally high rainfall, leading to flooding and other hazards. Conversely, in years when the monsoon is weak, the city can experience drought conditions. In addition to annual variability, Dhaka is also prone to extreme precipitation events, such as cyclones and thunderstorms. These events can bring torrential rainfall and strong winds, causing widespread damage and disruption.

Annual Rainfall Pattern

Dhaka experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The majority of the annual rainfall occurs during the monsoon season, which spans from June to September. During this period, the city receives heavy rainfall, with monthly precipitation often exceeding 250 millimeters. The highest rainfall typically occurs in July and August, when the monsoon winds carry moisture from the Bay of Bengal. In contrast, the dry season, extending from November to March, is relatively dry, with monthly rainfall averaging less than 50 millimeters.

Variability and Extremes

The annual rainfall in Dhaka exhibits significant variability from year to year. While the average annual precipitation is around 1,700 millimeters, it can range from as low as 1,200 millimeters to over 2,000 millimeters. The variability is influenced by global climate patterns, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), which can affect the strength and duration of the monsoon season. Additionally, Dhaka is vulnerable to extreme rainfall events, including heavy downpours and cyclones. These events can lead to flooding and other infrastructure damage, particularly in low-lying areas and slums.

Historical Snowfall Event

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, has experienced sporadic snowfall throughout history. In 1890, the city witnessed a significant snowfall event that lasted for several hours. The snow accumulated to a depth of approximately 2 centimeters, covering the roads, rooftops, and trees in a pristine white blanket. This snowfall event remains one of the most notable in Dhaka’s recorded history.

Factors Contributing to Snowfall

The snowfall in Dhaka is a rare occurrence due to the tropical climate of the region. However, it can occur during periods of extreme cold weather when the temperatures drop below the freezing point. The presence of moisture in the atmosphere, combined with cold temperatures and strong wind currents, can lead to the formation of snow clouds. It is important to note that snowfall in Dhaka is a fleeting event and typically lasts only for a short duration.

Sun in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, experiences a tropical climate with distinct seasons. The sun plays a significant role in shaping the city’s weather patterns and daily life. During the summer months (March to May), the sun is at its peak, with average temperatures soaring to over 30 degrees Celsius. The intensity of the sunlight can be overwhelming, leading to heatstroke and dehydration if proper precautions are not taken. Sun exposure during this time should be limited, and protective measures like wearing sunglasses, sunscreen, and light-colored clothing are essential.

In contrast, during the winter months (November to February), the sun is less intense, with average temperatures dropping to around 18 degrees Celsius. However, the days are still relatively short, with sunset occurring early in the evening. This period provides a welcome respite from the scorching heat, but it can also lead to a lack of vitamin D absorption. To ensure adequate vitamin D intake, it is recommended to expose oneself to sunlight for short periods during the winter months.

Appearance and Observation

The Moon’s appearance in Dhaka, Bangladesh, varies throughout its lunar cycle. During the new moon phase, the Moon is not visible from Earth as it is positioned between the Sun and Earth. As the Moon progresses through its cycle, it becomes increasingly illuminated by the Sun’s rays. During the waxing crescent and full moon phases, the Moon is clearly visible in Dhaka’s night sky. The full moon appears as a large, bright disc that emits a soft, ethereal light. The waxing and waning crescent moons are visible as thin, curved crescents that appear before and after the full moon, respectively.

Cultural and Religious Significance

The Moon holds significant cultural and religious importance in Dhaka. The cycle of the Moon influences the Islamic calendar, which is used to determine the dates of religious festivals and observances. The full moon is particularly revered as a time of celebration and spiritual reflection. During the month of Ramadan, the nightly sighting of the new moon marks the beginning of the month-long fasting period. The Moon is also a symbol of hope and renewal, and its phases are often associated with different aspects of life, such as growth, prosperity, and fertility.

Annual Humidity Fluctuations

The humidity in Dhaka varies significantly throughout the year. The city experiences a tropical monsoon climate characterized by hot and humid summers and mild, dry winters. During the summer months (March to May), humidity levels peak, reaching an average of 80-90%. This high humidity is often accompanied by heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. In the winter months (November to February), humidity levels drop to an average of 60-70%, providing a respite from the oppressive summer conditions.

Effects of High Humidity

The high humidity in Dhaka can have a significant impact on the health of its residents. Prolonged exposure to high humidity can lead to heat-related illnesses such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke. It can also aggravate existing respiratory conditions such as asthma and bronchitis. Additionally, high humidity creates a breeding ground for bacteria and mold, which can contribute to the spread of infectious diseases. To mitigate the effects of high humidity, residents of Dhaka often use air conditioners, fans, and dehumidifiers to regulate indoor air quality and reduce the risk of heat-related illnesses.

Wind Patterns in Dhaka

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, experiences a complex wind pattern due to its geographical location and local topography. The city is situated in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta and is influenced by both the Bay of Bengal and the Himalayan foothills. The primary wind direction in Dhaka is influenced by the seasonal monsoon winds and the local land-sea breeze circulation.

During the summer monsoon (June-September), southwesterly winds prevail, bringing moisture and heavy rainfall to the city. During the winter monsoon (December-February), northeasterly winds dominate, bringing cold and dry air from the Himalayas. In the transitional months (October-November and March-May), Dhaka experiences variable wind directions with frequent thunderstorms. The city also experiences occasional cold waves, known as “Nor’westers,” which bring strong gusty winds and hail during the pre-monsoon season (March-May).

Best time to visit

Dhaka, the vibrant capital of Bangladesh, can be visited year-round, but the best time to experience its beauty and culture is during the dry season, from October to March. During these months, the weather is mild with pleasant temperatures, making it ideal for exploring the city’s numerous historical and cultural attractions. The skies are often clear and sunny, providing ample opportunities for outdoor activities and sightseeing. However, it’s important to note that Dhaka can experience heavy rainfall during the monsoon season, which lasts from June to September. While this can make traveling more challenging, it also brings lush greenery and a unique charm to the city.

What to expect

During the dry season, Dhaka comes alive with cultural and religious festivals. The Dhaka International Film Festival, held in January, showcases the best of Bangladeshi and international cinema. The Pohela Boishakh festival in April marks the Bengali New Year and features vibrant parades and cultural performances. The Eid-ul-Fitr festival, which follows the month-long Ramadan fasting period, is celebrated with great joy and festivities. Additionally, Dhaka is home to several notable museums and historical sites, including the National Museum, the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Memorial Museum, and the Ahsan Manzil. Visitors can also enjoy the bustling atmosphere of the city’s numerous markets, including the New Market and the Chawk Bazar, where they can find a wide variety of local goods and crafts.

Potential of Solar Energy in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, experiences abundant sunlight throughout the year, making it a prime location for harnessing solar energy. The city faces a growing demand for electricity, and solar power presents a sustainable and cost-effective solution. With an average of 5.5-6.5 kWh/m2 of solar radiation per day, Dhaka has the potential to generate significant amounts of electricity through solar photovoltaic (PV) systems.

Challenges and Opportunities

The development of solar energy in Dhaka faces several challenges. One obstacle is the high cost of solar PV panels and the lack of financing mechanisms for renewable energy projects. Additionally, the city’s dense urban fabric and limited rooftop space can hinder the deployment of large-scale solar installations. However, the government and private sector are exploring various initiatives to overcome these challenges, including subsidies, tax incentives, and novel financing models. Furthermore, the increasing awareness of the benefits of solar energy is creating a growing demand for sustainable electricity solutions in Dhaka. By addressing these challenges and seizing the opportunities, the city can unlock the vast potential of solar energy and transition towards a cleaner and more resilient energy future.

Altitude and Slope

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is situated on the Ganges Delta and is characterized by a flat and low-lying topography. The city is located approximately 14 meters (46 feet) above sea level, making it vulnerable to flooding during periods of heavy rainfall or storm surges. The terrain in Dhaka is generally flat with a gentle slope towards the south and east, allowing for the flow of water during the monsoon season. The presence of canals and natural waterways also plays a significant role in managing the water flow and preventing severe flooding.

Riverbanks and Water Bodies

Dhaka is surrounded by numerous rivers and water bodies that influence its topography and overall environment. The city is situated on the banks of the Buriganga River, a distributary of the Ganges, which flows through the eastern part of Dhaka. The presence of these rivers and water bodies has shaped the city’s landscape and has influenced the distribution of settlements and infrastructure. The riverbanks are often protected by embankments or levees to prevent flooding and erosion. The city also has several canals and lakes, such as Hatirjheel, that serve as natural reservoirs and provide recreational areas for the residents. These water bodies contribute to the ecological balance of the city and provide habitats for a variety of aquatic plants and animals.

Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport (DAC)

Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport (DAC) is the primary airport serving Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. It is located approximately 18 kilometers (11 miles) north of downtown Dhaka and is the busiest airport in the country. DAC is the hub for Biman Bangladesh Airlines, the national carrier of Bangladesh, and several other domestic and international airlines. It handles both passenger and cargo flights and has undergone significant expansion and modernization in recent years.

DAC features a modern terminal complex with state-of-the-art facilities, including duty-free shops, restaurants, and business lounges. It has a capacity to handle over 20 million passengers annually and is well-connected to other major cities around the world. The airport offers a range of transportation options for passengers, including taxis, buses, and ride-sharing services. DAC also has dedicated cargo terminals for handling freight and logistics operations.

History and Culture:

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, holds a rich historical and cultural tapestry. Its origins trace back to the 17th century when it became the Mughal provincial capital of Bengal. The Old Dhaka area, with its Mughal-era mosques, temples, and narrow lanes, offers a glimpse into the city’s past. Today, Dhaka is a bustling metropolis and a center of Bangla literature, music, and art. It is home to the Dhakeshwari Temple, one of the oldest Hindu temples in the country, and the Bangladesh National Museum, showcasing the nation’s cultural heritage.

Landmark and Attractions:

Dhaka is adorned with numerous landmarks and attractions. The Liberation War Museum chronicles the struggle for independence from Pakistan. The Ahsan Manzil, a magnificent pink palace, serves as the National Museum of History. The Dhaka Zoo houses a diverse collection of animals, while the Gulshan Lake Park provides a serene urban oasis. For panoramic city views, visitors can venture to the Jamuna Future Park, home to one of the tallest buildings in Bangladesh. The city also boasts vibrant shopping destinations, including Banani Road and Gulshan Avenue, offering a wide range of local and international merchandise.