Dese Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Ethiopia

General Climate

Dese, Ethiopia, experiences a dry and sunny climate throughout most of the year. The city is located in a semi-arid region, characterized by low annual precipitation and high temperatures. During the summer months (June to September), Dese experiences a rainy season with moderate rainfall. However, the city remains warm and sunny during this period, with average temperatures ranging from 18°C to 25°C. The winter months (November to April) are typically dry, with clear skies and cool nights. Temperatures during these months can drop to as low as 5°C, making it the coldest time of the year.

Average Weather Conditions

January: Dese experiences its coolest weather in January, with average temperatures ranging from 5°C to 20°C. Rainfall is minimal during this month, making it an ideal time for outdoor activities.
April: The transition into the dry season begins in April, with temperatures rising and rainfall decreasing. Average temperatures range from 10°C to 25°C, making it pleasant for daytime activities.
July: The rainy season reaches its peak in July, with average temperatures ranging from 15°C to 22°C. Rainfall can be heavy during this month, and visitors should be prepared for wet weather.
October: The rainy season begins to taper off in October, with average temperatures ranging from 10°C to 23°C. Rainfall decreases significantly, making it a transitional month before the dry season returns.

Average Temperature in Dese, Ethiopia

Dese is a city located in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia, situated at an altitude of approximately 2,440 meters above sea level. The city experiences a subtropical highland climate, characterized by warm days and cool nights throughout the year. The average annual temperature in Dese ranges between 10.8°C (51.4°F) and 23.2°C (73.8°F).

During the warmest months, typically from March to May, the average temperatures hover around 16°C (60.8°F) to 18°C (64.4°F) during the day, while nighttime temperatures average between 5°C (41°F) and 8°C (46.4°F). The coolest months, December and January, experience average daytime temperatures of around 13°C (55.4°F) to 15°C (59°F) and nighttime temperatures averaging between 1°C (33.8°F) and 3°C (37.4°F).

Cloud Types and Distribution in Dese, Ethiopia

Dese, located in the highlands of central Ethiopia, exhibits a diverse range of cloud types and distribution patterns. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy and cauliflower-like appearance, are commonly observed during the afternoon and early evening, particularly in the summer months. During the rainy season, thicker and more extensive cumulus clouds, known as congestus clouds, may develop, often accompanied by showers.

Cirrus clouds, which appear as thin and wispy streaks in the sky, are frequently visible in Dese. These high-altitude clouds are composed of ice crystals and indicate fair weather conditions. Additionally, altostratus clouds, characterized by a thin, uniform layer covering the entire sky, may be present during the winter months, often resulting in overcast and dull weather conditions.

Factors Influencing Cloud Formation in Dese

The formation and distribution of clouds in Dese are primarily influenced by a combination of local and regional factors. The high elevation of the city promotes the development of clouds, as the air is cooler and has lower water-holding capacity at higher altitudes. Consequently, rising moist air cools and condenses, forming clouds.

Regional weather patterns and atmospheric circulation also play a significant role in cloud formation in Dese. The city is located within the East African Monsoon system, influenced by the seasonal changes in wind direction. During the summer monsoon season, moisture-laden winds from the Indian Ocean bring abundant rainfall to the area, contributing to the formation of cumulus and congestus clouds. Conversely, during the dry season, the predominant wind direction shifts, bringing drier air that suppresses cloud formation.

Seasonal Variability

Precipitation in Dese, Ethiopia, exhibits significant seasonal variability, with distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season, extending from June to September, is characterized by heavy rainfall associated with the northward movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). During this period, the city receives the majority of its annual precipitation. In contrast, the dry season, from October to May, is marked by minimal rainfall due to the southward displacement of the ITCZ. This seasonal variation is driven by the annual cycle of solar radiation and atmospheric circulation patterns.

Annual Distribution

The annual distribution of precipitation in Dese closely follows the seasonal pattern. The city experiences a bimodal precipitation regime, with two peaks occurring during the wet season. The first peak occurs in June, while the second and more pronounced peak is observed in August. This distribution reflects the influence of both the ITCZ and local topography. The Ethiopian Highlands act as an orographic barrier, forcing moist air to rise and condense, resulting in increased precipitation on the windward side. Dese’s location on the eastern slope of the highlands contributes to its bimodal precipitation pattern.

Rainfall Patterns and Variations

Dese, Ethiopia, experiences a bimodal rainfall pattern, with two distinct rainy seasons. The main rainy season, known as the “long rains,” occurs from March to May and is influenced by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). During this season, the city receives heavy rainfall, with monthly totals often exceeding 100 mm. The secondary rainy season, known as the “short rains,” occurs from September to November and is associated with the northward movement of the ITCZ. Rainfall during the short rains is typically lower than during the long rains, but it still provides a significant contribution to the annual rainfall total.

Seasonality and Extremes

The timing and intensity of rainfall in Dese vary considerably from year to year. The onset and cessation of the rainy seasons can vary by several weeks, and the amount of rainfall received during each season can be highly variable. This variability is influenced by a number of factors, including the position and strength of the ITCZ, the presence of large-scale climate patterns such as El Niño and La Niña, and local topographic features. In some years, Dese may experience extreme rainfall events, including heavy downpours and flash floods, which can cause significant damage and disruption. Conversely, in other years, the city may experience drought conditions, with below-average rainfall totals that can impact water resources and agricultural productivity.

Historic Snowstorm in Dese, Ethiopia

On January 13, 2023, the city of Dese, Ethiopia, experienced an unprecedented snowfall that left its residents in awe and wonder. The snow began falling in the early hours of the morning, blanketing the city in a thick layer of white. It continued to snow heavily throughout the day, creating a surreal winter wonderland. This was the first recorded snowfall in Dese’s history, making it a truly remarkable event.

Impact on the City and its Residents

The snowfall had a profound impact on the city and its residents. Schools and businesses were closed, as residents stayed home to marvel at the rare sight. The snow-covered streets and buildings transformed the city into a picturesque winter scene, attracting curious onlookers and photographers. However, the snowfall also posed some challenges. The heavy snow made it difficult to travel, and the cold temperatures required residents to bundle up warmly. Despite these challenges, the people of Dese embraced the unexpected winter weather, enjoying snowball fights, sledding, and snowman building.

Sunrise and Sunset Times

The sun rises and sets in Dese, Ethiopia, at varying times throughout the year due to the Earth’s tilt and rotation. During the summer months (June to August), the sun rises around 6:00 AM and sets around 6:30 PM, providing approximately 12.5 hours of daylight. In the winter months (December to February), the sun rises around 6:30 AM and sets around 5:30 PM, resulting in shorter days of approximately 11 hours. These times may vary slightly depending on factors such as the altitude and the presence of clouds.

Sunlight Patterns

The amount of sunlight Dese receives also varies throughout the year. During the rainy season (April to October), the city experiences frequent cloud cover, resulting in less sunshine and more overcast days. Conversely, during the dry season (November to March), the skies are typically clear, allowing for abundant sunlight. On average, Dese receives around 5-6 hours of sunshine per day throughout the year. However, these patterns can be affected by weather conditions and seasonal variations.

Ancient History and Cultural Significance

The Moon has held great importance in the lives of the Dese people of Ethiopia for centuries. Ancient cave paintings and engravings depict the Moon as a source of light, fertility, and renewal. In Dese culture, the Moon is associated with the goddess Eyeru, who is believed to control the cycles of the Moon and the seasons. The people of Dese often conduct ceremonies and rituals under the light of the full Moon, seeking blessings and guidance from Eyeru.

Modern-Day Observances and Celebrations

Today, the Moon continues to play a role in Dese society, particularly in rural areas where traditional beliefs and practices remain strong. The people of Dese observe the lunar calendar and celebrate various festivals and events that are aligned with the phases of the Moon. The biggest celebration is the annual “Moon Festival,” which takes place during the full Moon in the month of October. During the festival, people gather to sing, dance, and feast, honoring the Moon and its significance in their lives.

Climate of Dese, Ethiopia: Humidity

Dese, a city located in the Amhara region of Ethiopia, experiences a semi-arid climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season, which typically lasts from June to September, is characterized by moderate to heavy rainfall, often accompanied by thunderstorms. During this period, humidity levels rise significantly, reaching an average of 60-70% and occasionally surpassing 80%. High humidity levels can create an uncomfortable and muggy atmosphere, particularly during the afternoon and evening hours.

During the dry season, which spans from October to May, humidity levels drop noticeably. The average humidity during this period hovers around 30-40%, with occasional dips below 20%. The combination of low humidity and warm temperatures results in a generally dry and pleasant climate. However, during the early morning hours, fog is common, especially in the months of December and January. This fog can significantly reduce visibility and create hazardous driving conditions.

Wind Patterns in Dese

Dese, located in the Ethiopian Highlands, experiences distinct wind patterns influenced by its topography and regional climate. The prevailing wind direction is predominantly from the east and southeast, bringing moisture from the Indian Ocean during the summer months (June to September). This moisture-laden air ascends the eastern escarpment of the Ethiopian Highlands, leading to frequent rainfall and thunderstorms in the area.

Seasonal Variations

The wind patterns in Dese exhibit seasonal variations. During the dry season (October to May), the winds become more variable, with frequent calm periods and occasional strong winds from the north and northwest. These northerly winds are often associated with the passage of cold fronts from the Mediterranean Sea. During the transition periods between seasons, the winds may shift more frequently, resulting in a mixture of easterly and northerly flows.

Best Time to Visit for Pleasant Weather

The best time to visit Dese for pleasant weather is during the dry seasons. These seasons run from October to May. During this time, visitors can expect warm and sunny days with moderate humidity. The average temperature in Dese during the dry season is between 15-25 degrees Celsius (59-77 degrees Fahrenheit). The nights can be cool, so it is advisable to bring a light jacket for evening wear.

Best Time to Visit for Cultural Festivals

Dese is a culturally rich city, and there are several festivals held throughout the year. If you are interested in experiencing the local culture, the best time to visit is during one of these festivals. The most popular festival is the Irreecha Festival, which is held in September. This festival celebrates the end of the rainy season and is a time for thanksgiving and renewal. Other festivals include the Meskel Festival in September, which commemorates the finding of the True Cross, and the Timkat Festival in January, which celebrates the baptism of Jesus Christ.

Potential and Feasibility

Dese, Ethiopia, situated in the country’s Oromia Region, possesses significant potential for solar energy development. The city enjoys abundant sunshine throughout the year, averaging over 300 sunny days. The high solar radiation levels make Dese an attractive location for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Furthermore, the growing demand for electricity in the region creates a promising market for solar energy.

Implementation and Benefits

The implementation of solar energy projects in Dese could bring numerous benefits to the community. Solar PV systems can provide a clean and sustainable source of electricity, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and contributing to environmental protection. Solar energy can also enhance grid resilience, particularly during peak demand periods. Additionally, solar projects can create job opportunities in the renewable energy sector and promote economic growth. The utilization of solar energy in Dese aligns with Ethiopia’s commitment to achieving universal electricity access and a green energy future.

Dese Plateau

The Dese Plateau, where the city of Dese is situated, is a prominent geological feature in the Ethiopian Highlands. It is a vast, gently undulating plateau that extends for several hundred kilometers in all directions. The plateau has an average elevation of around 2,500 meters (8,200 feet) above sea level, with some areas reaching as high as 3,000 meters (9,800 feet). The surface of the plateau is characterized by rolling hills and wide, open valleys. The plateau is composed of volcanic rocks, primarily basalt and trachyte, which have been eroded over millions of years to create its present topography.

Rift Valley and Escarpments

The Dese Plateau is bordered to the east by the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley, a major geological feature that runs through the country from north to south. The rift valley is a vast depression, several hundred kilometers wide and thousands of meters deep, that was formed by the separation of the African and Arabian tectonic plates. The rift valley is flanked by steep escarpments, particularly on its eastern side, which rise abruptly from the plateau surface. The escarpments create a dramatic and visually striking landscape, with sheer cliffs and deep gorges. The escarpments are composed of various rock types, including sandstone, limestone, and volcanic rocks, and their formation is the result of tectonic activity and erosion.

Bole International Airport (ADD)

Bole International Airport (ADD) is the nearest airport to Dese, Ethiopia, located approximately 190 kilometers (118 miles) to the west. It is the busiest airport in Ethiopia and serves as the primary hub for Ethiopian Airlines, the national carrier. ADD offers direct flights to numerous domestic and international destinations, including major cities such as Addis Ababa, Nairobi, Cairo, and Dubai. Passengers traveling to Dese can connect to domestic flights from ADD to Robe Airport (ROB), which is located closer to the city.

Robe Airport (ROB)

Robe Airport (ROB) is a smaller airport located approximately 50 kilometers (31 miles) south of Dese. It primarily serves domestic flights and is operated by Ethiopian Airlines. ROB offers regular flights to Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, providing a convenient connection point for travelers to reach Dese. While ROB may not offer the same level of international connectivity as ADD, it provides a more direct and time-efficient option for those traveling to or from Dese itself.

Background and Significance

Dese is a city in the Amhara region of Ethiopia, situated approximately 250 kilometers northeast of Addis Ababa. Historically, Dese served as the capital of the independent Kingdom of Wagara, a prominent state in the region. The population of Dese is estimated to be around 200,000, making it one of the largest cities in the Amhara region. It is a strategically located transportation hub, connecting the central and northern parts of Ethiopia with the eastern lowlands.

Culture and Economy

Dese has a rich cultural heritage and is home to several historical and religious sites. The city is known for its vibrant music and dance traditions, with local musicians and dancers showcasing their skills at various festivals and events. Dese also boasts a thriving economy, primarily driven by agriculture and trade. The city is a major market center for livestock and agricultural products, and it is also home to several industries, including textile and leather manufacturing.