Dar`a Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Syria

Climate

Dar’a, Syria, experiences a hot desert climate characterized by extreme temperature fluctuations. Summers are scorching and arid, with average high temperatures exceeding 40°C (104°F) from June to September. Nighttime temperatures during this season hover around 25°C (77°F). Winters, on the other hand, are mild and semi-arid, with average temperatures between 10°C and 20°C (50°F-68°F) from November to April. Rainfall is scarce, with an average annual precipitation of only 150 mm (6 inches), concentrated mainly in the winter months.

Seasons

Dar’a’s seasons are distinctly defined by the climate.

• Spring (March-May): Temperatures gradually increase, ranging from 15°C (59°F) to 25°C (77°F). Days are mostly sunny, with occasional light rain.
• Summer (June-September): Scorching heat dominates this season, with temperatures soaring into the 40s (°C). Humidity is low, and rainfall is almost nonexistent. Nights provide some respite, with temperatures dipping to around 25°C (77°F).
• Autumn (October-November): Temperatures moderate in autumn, falling from 30°C (86°F) to 15°C (59°F). Rainfall becomes more frequent, but it remains scarce.
• Winter (December-February): Mild and semi-arid conditions prevail during winter. Daytime temperatures average between 10°C (50°F) and 20°C (68°F), while nighttime temperatures can drop to 5°C (41°F). Rain and occasional snowfall are not uncommon.

Seasonal Averages

Dar’a, Syria experiences a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. Throughout the year, temperatures fluctuate significantly, with the average monthly temperatures ranging from 5.5°C (41.9°F) in January to 32.2°C (90°F) in August.

Spring arrives in March, bringing pleasant weather with average temperatures around 14°C (57°F). As the season progresses, temperatures rise steadily, reaching an average of 22°C (72°F) in May. Summer sets in June, bringing intense heat and very low humidity. The average temperature during summer months hovers around 30°C (86°F), with highs often exceeding 40°C (104°F). Fall arrives in September, bringing a gradual cooling trend. Temperatures typically range from 26°C (79°F) in September to 15°C (59°F) in November. Winter follows, bringing cold and wet conditions. The average temperature in winter months stays below 10°C (50°F), with occasional snowfall or frost.

Formation of Clouds in Dar’a, Syria

The formation of clouds in Dar’a, Syria, is influenced by various factors, including temperature, humidity, and air movement. As warm, moist air rises from the ground, it cools and condenses, forming small water droplets or ice crystals that compose clouds. The type of cloud that forms depends on the temperature and stability of the atmosphere. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy, cotton-ball-like appearance, are common in Dar’a during the summer months due to the rising convective currents. When these clouds develop vertically and merge, they can form towering cumulonimbus clouds that can bring thunderstorms and precipitation.

Cloud Cover and Precipitation

Cloud cover plays a crucial role in regulating Dar’a’s climate. Clouds can block incoming solar radiation, leading to cooler temperatures during the day. Conversely, at night, clouds can trap heat radiated from the Earth’s surface, resulting in warmer temperatures. The presence of clouds also influences precipitation patterns. Cumulus clouds typically produce light showers or drizzle, while cumulonimbus clouds can bring heavy rain or hail. The amount and frequency of cloud cover in Dar’a can vary throughout the year, with the most significant cloudiness occurring during the winter and spring months due to increased atmospheric instability and moisture.

Annual Precipitation

Dar’a, a city in southwestern Syria, experiences a semi-arid climate with limited annual precipitation. On average, the city receives around 200-250 mm (8-10 inches) of rain annually. Precipitation is concentrated during the winter months, typically from November to April. During this period, the city can experience occasional rainstorms, bringing much-needed moisture to the region. However, the rainfall can be highly variable, with some years experiencing higher or lower amounts. The scarcity of precipitation during the hot, dry summer months can lead to drought conditions and stress on water resources.

Seasonal Precipitation Patterns

The seasonal distribution of precipitation in Dar’a follows a distinct pattern. Winter months, particularly December and January, receive the highest rainfall, averaging over 50 mm (2 inches) per month. As spring approaches, precipitation gradually decreases, with March and April typically receiving moderate rainfall of around 25-35 mm (1-1.5 inches) per month. During the summer months, from May to October, precipitation becomes scarce, with average monthly rainfall dropping below 10 mm (0.4 inches). This prolonged dry season can pose challenges for agriculture and water availability in the region.

Climatic Conditions

Dar’a, located in southwestern Syria, experiences a subtropical Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. Rainfall is primarily influenced by the Mediterranean Sea and prevailing westerly winds. The heaviest rainfall occurs during the winter months of December to February, with a peak in January. Summers are typically dry, with minimal precipitation from May to September. The average annual rainfall in Dar’a ranges between 150 and 250 millimeters.

Seasonal Patterns

Rainfall distribution throughout the year exhibits distinct seasonal patterns. The wet season, extending from October to April, accounts for the majority of annual precipitation. During this period, rainfall is relatively frequent and can be heavy at times, particularly during January and February. The dry season, from May to September, is characterized by sporadic and often negligible rainfall. The cumulative rainfall during these months typically constitutes less than 10% of the annual total. The timing and intensity of rainfall can vary year to year, influenced by factors such as changes in atmospheric circulation patterns and sea surface temperatures.

Snowfall in Dar’a, Syria

On January 25, 2023, heavy snowfall blanketed the southern Syrian city of Dar’a, creating a picturesque winter wonderland. The snow reached depths of up to 15 centimeters, transforming streets and buildings into a pristine white landscape. Locals and international aid workers alike were taken by surprise by the intensity of the snowfall, as such heavy precipitation had not been recorded in the region for many years. The snowstorm caused widespread disruption, suspending electricity and communications in some areas and making it difficult for residents to move around.

The snowfall brought both challenges and opportunities to the people of Dar’a. While it presented challenges for daily life, the snow also provided a rare respite from the ongoing conflict and economic hardship that had plagued the region for over a decade. It brought a sense of joy and rejuvenation to the community, with children playing in the streets and families gathering around snowmen. The snowfall also provided an opportunity for humanitarian organizations to reach vulnerable populations with essential supplies, such as blankets, warm clothing, and food items.

Sunrise in Dar’a

Dar’a, a city in southern Syria, is known for its picturesque sunrises. As the first rays of sunlight peek over the horizon, the city awakens to a vibrant tapestry of colors. The sky transforms into a canvas of soft hues, ranging from delicate pinks and oranges to deep purples and blues. The interplay of light and shadow casts long, ethereal rays across the cityscape, illuminating the ancient ruins and modern buildings alike. The warm glow of the rising sun envelops the city, casting a golden halo over its bustling streets and inviting its inhabitants to embrace the new day.

Sunset in Dar’a

As the sun begins its descent in the evening, Dar’a transforms once again. The sky erupts in a kaleidoscope of fiery hues, as if nature itself is celebrating the end of the day. The setting sun casts an amber glow over the cityscape, bathing its inhabitants in a warm and ethereal light. The rooftops and towers of the city become silhouettes against the vibrant sky, creating a captivating spectacle. As the sun dips below the horizon, it leaves a trail of shimmering orange and gold, casting a magical spell over Dar’a. The city surrenders to the embrace of twilight, as the stars begin to twinkle in the darkening sky, signaling the end of another enchanting day.

Overview of the Moon

The Moon is the celestial body orbiting Earth, serving as its only natural satellite. It has a diameter of approximately 2,159 miles and completes one orbit around our planet in 27.3 days. The Moon’s surface is composed of craters, mountains, and vast plains known as maria, formed by ancient volcanic eruptions. Its gravity is significantly weaker than Earth’s, creating a unique low-gravity environment.

Significance of the Moon in Dar`a, Syria

Historically, the Moon has held great cultural and religious significance in Dar’a, Syria. The ancient city of Bosra, located in the Dar’a Governorate, features a Roman amphitheater that was once used for gladiator fights and other public spectacles. During the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate, from the 7th to the 8th centuries, the Moon played an important role in determining prayer times and the start of the Islamic month of Ramadan. In present-day Dar’a, the Moon continues to be a symbol of celestial beauty and cultural heritage, inspiring poets, artists, and storytellers.

Seasonal Variations in Relative Humidity

Dar`a experiences significant seasonal variations in relative humidity. During the dry summer months (June to September), the relative humidity typically ranges from 25% to 45%, making the air feel dry and arid. These conditions can lead to discomfort and an increased risk of dehydration. In contrast, during the wet winter months (November to April), the relative humidity can soar above 70%, creating a more humid and muggy atmosphere. This can make it feel uncomfortable to be outdoors for prolonged periods and can exacerbate respiratory issues.

Daily Variations in Relative Humidity

Relative humidity in Dar`a also exhibits daily variations. During the daytime, when temperatures are higher, the relative humidity tends to be lower. This is because warm air can hold more moisture than cool air. As the sun sets and temperatures drop, the relative humidity typically rises. This can lead to the formation of dew or fog, especially during the cooler months. The higher humidity levels at night can also help to mitigate the effects of the dry summer months by providing additional moisture to the atmosphere.

Typical Wind Patterns in Dara’a, Syria

Dara’a, Syria, experiences a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. During the summer months (June to September), prevailing winds blow from the northwest, bringing in cool, dry air from the Mediterranean Sea. These winds help to moderate the intense heat and humidity, providing some relief from the oppressive summer conditions.

Seasonal Variability and Extreme Events

In the winter months (December to February), the wind patterns shift to the east and southeast, bringing in warm, moist air from the Arabian Peninsula. These winds can bring occasional rainfall, contributing to the region’s annual precipitation. During the spring and autumn months (March to May and October to November), transitional wind patterns prevail, with variable directions and speeds.

Extreme wind events, such as storms and dust storms, can occur occasionally in Dara’a. These events are often associated with the passage of cold fronts or low-pressure systems. Dust storms are particularly common in the summer months when strong winds pick up dry dust from the surrounding arid regions.

Spring (March-May)

Spring is an ideal time to visit Dar`a as the weather is pleasant, with moderate temperatures and low humidity. The lush greenery and blooming flowers create a picturesque landscape, perfect for nature enthusiasts and outdoor adventurers. This season also offers opportunities for historical exploration as many sites are more accessible and less crowded.

Autumn (September-November)

Autumn brings cooler temperatures and less precipitation, making it an excellent time for sightseeing and cultural immersion. The vibrant fall foliage transforms the landscape into a kaleidoscope of colors. This season is also suitable for visiting religious sites, as many festivals and pilgrimages are held during this time. However, some historical sites may have limited access due to seasonal closures or renovations.

Solar Energy Potential

Dar`a, Syria enjoys abundant sunshine throughout the year, making it a prime location for tapping into solar energy. The average solar irradiance in the region ranges from 5 to 6 kilowatt-hours per square meter per day. This solar resource has the potential to generate significant amounts of renewable energy, contributing to a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy mix.

Government Initiatives and Infrastructure

The Syrian government has recognized the importance of solar energy and has implemented policies to encourage its development. In recent years, several solar power plants have been established in Dara, providing a boost to the local economy and creating employment opportunities. Additionally, the government has implemented feed-in tariffs to incentivize private investment in solar projects. The availability of grid infrastructure and the growing demand for electricity in the region further support the development of solar energy in Dara.

Northern Dar`a

The topography of northern Dara is characterized by a relatively flat and arid landscape. The elevation ranges from 100 to 400 meters above sea level, with occasional hills and mountains reaching up to 600 meters. The area is dominated by the fertile plain of the Yarmouk River, known for its rich agricultural lands and extensive olive groves. The eastern part of northern Dara borders the Hauran Plain, a vast and fertile region known for its wheat and barley production.

Southern Dar`a

Southern Dar`a presents a more rugged topography compared to the north. The elevation rises to over 1,000 meters in the Jebel al-Druze mountain range, which dominates the landscape. The region is characterized by steep hills, deep valleys, and numerous volcanic formations. The rugged terrain has historically provided refuge and support to local populations, allowing for the establishment of fortified villages and hideouts. The mountain range also serves as a natural barrier, influencing the movement of people and goods in the region.

Closest Airport to Dar’a, Syria

Damascus International Airport (DAM) is the primary international airport serving Syria and is located approximately 75 kilometers northeast of Dar’a. It is a modern and well-equipped airport with a wide range of domestic and international connections. DAM is the most convenient and popular option for travelers arriving or departing from Dar’a, as it offers a direct bus connection to the city center.

Queen Alia International Airport (AMM) in Amman, Jordan, is another option for reaching Dar’a, located around 140 kilometers southeast of the city. AMM is a major regional hub with a vast network of international connections. However, it requires travelers to cross the Jordan-Syria border, which can involve additional time and paperwork. The land crossing between Jordan and Syria is approximately 10 kilometers from Dar’a.

History and Background:

Dar’a, located in southwestern Syria, holds deep historical significance as the cradle of the Syrian uprising that erupted in March 2011. The city, once a quiet provincial town, became the epicenter of nationwide protests demanding political and social reforms. On March 15, 2011, a group of 15 schoolchildren were arrested and tortured for writing anti-government graffiti on the walls of their school, sparking widespread outrage and galvanizing the population into action. The subsequent protests in Dar’a were brutally suppressed by government forces, leaving several demonstrators dead and fueling the escalation of the conflict into a full-blown civil war.

Current Situation and Humanitarian Concerns:

Today, Dar’a remains a contested area, divided between government and rebel control. The city has witnessed intense fighting and destruction, resulting in widespread displacement and humanitarian suffering. The population has endured prolonged sieges, airstrikes, and heavy artillery bombardments, causing severe damage to infrastructure, homes, and essential services. Despite efforts to restore stability, the region continues to be plagued by violence and instability. The ongoing conflict has created a dire humanitarian situation, with tens of thousands of people in need of food, shelter, medical care, and other life-saving assistance. The humanitarian community faces significant challenges in delivering aid to vulnerable populations due to ongoing hostilities and access constraints.