Damietta Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Egypt

Summer in Damietta

Damietta experiences hot and humid summers from May to September. Temperatures typically range from 22 to 30 degrees Celsius (72 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit), with little variation between day and night. The average humidity level is between 60 and 80%, making the air feel oppressive and uncomfortable. Precipitation is rare during this time of year, with only occasional thunderstorms or light rain showers. Due to the high temperatures and humidity, outdoor activities are generally best avoided during the summer months.

Winter in Damietta

Winters in Damietta are mild and pleasant, with average temperatures ranging from 12 to 18 degrees Celsius (54 to 64 degrees Fahrenheit). The humidity level is lower than in the summer, making the air feel more comfortable and breathable. Rainfall is more common during the winter months, but it’s generally not excessive. Occasional cold fronts may bring in cooler air and rain, but temperatures rarely drop below 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit). Winter is a good time to visit Damietta, as the weather is ideal for outdoor activities and exploring the city’s many cultural attractions.

Winter Temperature in Damietta, Egypt

During the winter months from December to February, Damietta experiences a mild climate with average temperatures ranging from 10 to 15 degrees Celsius (50-59 degrees Fahrenheit). The nights can be chilly, with temperatures dropping to around 5 degrees Celsius (41 degrees Fahrenheit), but the days are generally pleasant. Damietta’s average winter temperature is higher than many other cities in Egypt, making it a popular destination for tourists seeking a warm winter escape. The low humidity levels during this time of year make it easy to enjoy outdoor activities, such as exploring the city’s historic sites or taking a stroll along the picturesque Nile River.

Summer Temperature in Damietta, Egypt

In contrast to the mild winters, Damietta experiences hot and humid summers from June to August. Average temperatures during this period soar to around 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit), and can sometimes reach as high as 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). The high humidity levels can make the heat feel even more oppressive. Due to the intense heat, it is recommended to avoid strenuous outdoor activities during the midday hours, and to take precautions to stay hydrated. The evenings provide some respite from the heat, with temperatures dropping to around 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit). Despite the high temperatures, Damietta’s coastal location provides a refreshing breeze that helps to alleviate the discomfort.

Cloud Cover

Clouds play a significant role in the weather patterns of Damietta, Egypt. Throughout the year, the city experiences varying levels of cloud cover. During the summer months (June to September), the skies are typically clear to partly cloudy with occasional periods of low clouds. This is because of the dominating subtropical high-pressure system that brings stable and dry conditions.

In the winter months (December to February), cloud cover increases as the subtropical high-pressure system weakens and Mediterranean cyclones approach the region. These cyclones bring moisture and instability, leading to overcast skies and increased cloud cover. During this time, low clouds, including stratus and nimbostratus, are common, and precipitation is more frequent.

Cloud Types

The cloud types observed in Damietta vary depending on the season and prevailing weather conditions. During the summer, the most prevalent cloud type is cumulus, which appears as puffy, white clouds. When these cumulus clouds develop vertically, they can transform into towering cumulonimbus clouds, bringing thunderstorms and heavy rainfall.

In the winter, low clouds such as stratus and nimbostratus dominate the skies. Stratus clouds form a uniform, gray layer covering the entire sky, while nimbostratus clouds produce steady precipitation. Additionally, fog and mist are common during the winter months due to the cool temperatures and high humidity.

Average Precipitation

Damietta, Egypt, receives an average of 190 mm of precipitation annually. This amount is significantly lower than the global average of approximately 1,000 mm. The driest months in Damietta are June and July, when precipitation is virtually non-existent. The wettest months are December and January, when the city receives over 40% of its annual precipitation.

Seasonal Distribution

Precipitation in Damietta is highly seasonal, with the majority occurring during the winter months. The city experiences a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. During the winter months, the city is influenced by the Mediterranean Sea, which provides moisture for rainfall. In the summer, the influence of the Mediterranean Sea is reduced, resulting in a lack of precipitation.

Rainfall Patterns

Damietta, located in the northwestern Nile Delta region of Egypt, experiences a typical desert climate characterized by extremely low rainfall. The annual average rainfall is a mere 100-120 millimeters, making it one of the driest regions in the country. Rainfall is concentrated during the winter months, primarily between November and April. December and January are the wettest months, with average monthly rainfall of around 20 millimeters. During the summer months (May to October), rainfall is virtually nonexistent.

Distribution and Variability

The distribution of rainfall in Damietta is highly variable from year to year. In some years, the region may receive significantly higher rainfall than the annual average, while in other years, it may experience prolonged dry spells. The variability in rainfall patterns is influenced by a combination of factors, including the movement of weather systems in the Mediterranean Sea, the proximity to water bodies, and the prevailing wind patterns. Despite the low overall rainfall, heavy downpours can occur during the winter months, leading to flash floods in some areas.

Historical Snowfall Event in Damietta, Egypt

The coastal city of Damietta, Egypt, made history on January 13, 2015, when it witnessed its first recorded snowfall in over a century. The unprecedented weather event captivated the attention of both locals and international observers alike. Thick blankets of white snow covered the streets, rooftops, and beaches, transforming the cityscape into a winter wonderland. The surreal spectacle attracted throngs of curious spectators, who marveled at the once-in-a-lifetime phenomenon.

This extraordinary snowfall was attributed to an unusually cold air mass originating from the Siberian Arctic. The cold front swept across the Mediterranean Sea, bringing freezing temperatures and unstable atmospheric conditions to Egypt. As the cold air encountered the moisture-laden atmosphere over the Nile Delta region, it intensified into a powerful snowstorm. The heavy snowfall continued for several hours, leaving a thick layer of snow that disrupted daily life but brought immense joy to the residents of Damietta.

Climate and Temperature

Damietta, situated in northern Egypt, experiences a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, rainy winters. The sun is a prominent feature of Damietta’s weather, with an average of over 3,000 hours of sunshine annually. During the summer months, temperatures soar, often exceeding 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit). The sun’s intense heat can be oppressive, making outdoor activities challenging during the afternoon hours. In contrast, winters are relatively mild, with average temperatures ranging from 10 to 15 degrees Celsius (50 to 59 degrees Fahrenheit). The sun provides a welcome source of warmth during these months, creating pleasant conditions for exploring the city.

Impact on Tourism and Agriculture

The abundant sunshine in Damietta has a significant impact on the local economy. Tourism is a major industry in the region, with visitors drawn to the city’s beautiful beaches and historical landmarks. The sunny weather provides ideal conditions for sunbathing, swimming, and enjoying outdoor activities. The city also boasts a thriving agricultural sector, with farmers relying heavily on sunlight for crop growth. The warm summers allow for the cultivation of a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, including oranges, tomatoes, and cucumbers. The sun’s energy also supports the development of solar power projects, providing a sustainable energy source for the city.

Historical Significance

Damietta, a city on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt, has a rich history intertwined with the moon’s celestial presence. During the Middle Ages, Damietta was a major port and trading hub, strategically located at the mouth of the Nile River. Its position made it a prime target for various empires and armies seeking control of the region. One notable event in Damietta’s history occurred during the Seventh Crusade in 1219 AD when the city fell to the crusaders after a prolonged siege. As the crusaders entered Damietta, they witnessed an unusual celestial phenomenon: the moon appeared red and glowing, casting an eerie light on the city. This unusual lunar appearance was attributed to a natural phenomenon known as a “blood moon,” a celestial event that occurs during a total lunar eclipse when the Earth’s shadow falls directly on the moon, casting a reddish hue on its surface.

Astronomical Observations

Damietta’s location on the Mediterranean coast makes it an ideal spot for astronomical observations. The city experiences relatively clear skies throughout the year, providing opportunities for stargazing and celestial studies. Amateur astronomers in Damietta frequently gather at the city’s observatory to observe various celestial bodies, including the moon. The observatory is equipped with telescopes and other instruments that allow observers to study the moon’s craters, mountains, and other features in detail. During special astronomical events, such as lunar eclipses, the observatory hosts public viewing sessions, allowing residents and visitors to witness these celestial spectacles.

Seasonal Variations in Humidity

Humidity levels in Damietta, Egypt, exhibit significant seasonal variations. During the dry summer months (June-August), humidity is typically low, ranging from 50% to 60%. The hot and arid conditions result in low moisture content in the air. In contrast, during the winter months (December-February), humidity levels rise, reaching up to 70-80%. The cooler temperatures and increased frequency of precipitation lead to higher moisture content in the atmosphere.

Factors Influencing Humidity

Several factors contribute to the seasonal variations in humidity in Damietta. The proximity to the Mediterranean Sea plays a significant role. The warm waters of the sea evaporate, adding moisture to the air. During the summer months, the prevailing northerly winds carry this moisture-laden air inland, resulting in higher humidity levels along the coast. In winter, the wind patterns shift, bringing drier air from the desert regions, leading to lower humidity. Additionally, the presence of the Nile Delta influences humidity. The delta region is characterized by extensive agricultural activities, which contribute to increased evaporation and higher humidity levels.

Wind Statistics

Damietta, a coastal city in northern Egypt, experiences a Mediterranean climate characterized by relatively mild temperatures year-round. The average wind speed in Damietta is moderate, ranging from 12 to 15 knots (6.2 to 7.8 m/s) throughout the year. However, during the summer months (June to August), when the region is under the influence of the Etesian winds, wind speeds can increase significantly, reaching up to 20 knots (10.3 m/s) or more. These strong winds can bring in cooler, more refreshing air from the Mediterranean Sea and provide relief from the summer heat.

Wind Patterns

The dominant wind direction in Damietta is from the northwest, particularly during the winter and spring months (October to May). These winds are associated with the mid-latitude westerlies and bring in relatively cool, moist air from the Atlantic Ocean. During the summer months, the prevailing wind direction shifts to the north and northeast due to the influence of the Etesian winds. These winds, also known as the Meltemi, originate from the Aegean Sea and blow steadily across the Mediterranean towards the Egyptian coast. The Etesian winds can provide respite from the hot, humid conditions common in Egypt during the summer.

Spring (March-May)

Spring is an ideal time to visit Damietta. The weather is pleasant and warm, with temperatures ranging from around 15 to 25 degrees Celsius. The days are long and sunny, offering plenty of opportunities for outdoor activities. The spring breeze carries the scent of blooming flowers, creating a fragrant and inviting atmosphere. This time of year is also known for its vibrant festivals, such as the Damietta Flower Festival, which showcases the city’s beautiful flora.

Autumn (September-November)

Autumn is another excellent time to visit Damietta. The weather remains mild, with temperatures gradually cooling down as the season progresses. The days are still long and sunny, allowing for comfortable exploration of the city’s attractions. The autumn foliage adds a touch of color to the surroundings, creating picturesque views. This time of year is also known for its cultural events, such as the Damietta International Short Film Festival, which showcases films from around the world.

Solar Potential and Infrastructure

Damietta, located in northern Egypt, boasts significant solar energy potential. The city receives an average of 6.5 kWh/m²/day of solar radiation, making it an ideal location for photovoltaic (PV) systems. To harness this potential, Damietta is investing heavily in solar infrastructure. The government has implemented several incentives to encourage private sector participation in the development of solar projects. As a result, a number of large-scale solar power plants have been constructed in the area, including the 50-MW Damietta Solar Power Plant.

Benefits and Challenges

The adoption of solar energy in Damietta offers numerous benefits. It helps reduce the city’s reliance on fossil fuels, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Additionally, solar energy provides a sustainable and reliable source of electricity, enhancing the city’s energy security. However, the development of solar energy in Damietta has also faced challenges. The high cost of PV systems can make it difficult for small-scale installations to be economically viable. Furthermore, the intermittent nature of solar radiation requires careful grid management to ensure a stable electricity supply.

Topography: Coastal Plains and Nile Delta

Damietta occupies a strategic position at the eastern edge of the Nile Delta, where the river meets the Mediterranean Sea. The city lies within the Lowlands of Northern Egypt, a region characterized by flat, fertile plains. The topography is primarily influenced by the deposition of sediment by the Nile River over thousands of years, creating a series of deltaic islands and peninsulas. The land surrounding Damietta is low-lying, with elevations typically ranging from sea level to only a few meters above.

Nile River and the Mediterranean Sea

The Nile River is the dominant geographical feature in Damietta. The city is situated on the east bank of the Rosetta branch, one of the two main branches of the river that form the Nile Delta. The Rosetta branch flows through the heart of Damietta, creating a natural harbor and facilitating trade and transportation. The Mediterranean Sea, which borders the city to the north, has also played a significant role in its development. The coastline is characterized by sandy beaches and dunes, while offshore sandbars and coral reefs provide habitats for marine life. The Mediterranean Sea has historically served as an important trade route, connecting Damietta to other parts of the Mediterranean region and beyond.

Borg El Arab International Airport (HBE)

Borg El Arab International Airport (HBE) is the nearest airport to Damietta, Egypt, located approximately 130 kilometers (80 miles) northwest of the city. The airport serves the cities of Alexandria and Borg El Arab, and offers both domestic and international flights.

HBE Airport has a modern terminal with a capacity of 3.5 million passengers annually. It offers a range of amenities, including duty-free shops, restaurants, and currency exchange services. The airport is well-connected to Damietta and other cities in the region by road and rail. There are regular bus and taxi services available from the airport to Damietta, with a journey time of approximately 2 hours.

Damietta: A Historical City on the Mediterranean Coast

Damietta, situated along the northern coast of Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea, is a city steeped in history and cultural significance. Founded in the 7th century by the Arab general Amr ibn al-As, Damietta was once a thriving port city and the gateway to Egypt for centuries. Throughout its long history, it has witnessed the rise and fall of different empires, including the Ayyubids, Mamluks, and Ottomans. Its strategic location made it a coveted prize, leading to numerous battles and conquests, leaving behind a rich tapestry of architectural heritage and historical landmarks.

Damietta Today: A Flourishing Commercial and Industrial Hub

Modern-day Damietta is a bustling metropolis with a population of over 300,000. It has transformed into a significant commercial and industrial hub, known for its agricultural exports, particularly rice and citrus fruits. The city’s port, which has undergone extensive modernization, is a central point for trade and transportation, linking Egypt to destinations across the Mediterranean region. Along with its strong economic base, Damietta has also emerged as a cultural and educational center, boasting universities, libraries, and vibrant art and music scenes. The city’s waterfront promenade, El-Arish Beach, is a popular destination for locals and tourists seeking relaxation and stunning views of the Mediterranean coastline.