Cubal Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Angola

Summer Weather in Cubal, Angola

During the summer months, which span from October to March, Cubal experiences a warm and dry climate. Temperatures typically range between 20°C (68°F) at night and 32°C (90°F) during the day. The humidity levels are relatively low, making for comfortable outdoor conditions. Rainfall is scarce during this time, with an average of only 50mm (2 inches) per month.

Winter Weather in Cubal, Angola

The winter months in Cubal, lasting from April to September, are characterized by mild temperatures and occasional showers. Nighttime temperatures can drop to around 15°C (59°F), while daytime temperatures average between 25°C (77°F) and 28°C (82°F). Humidity levels are slightly higher than in the summer, but still remain relatively low. Rainfall is more frequent during this season, with an average of 100mm (4 inches) per month.

Average Temperature in Cubal, Angola

Cubal, a city located in central Angola, experiences a tropical savanna climate characterized by relatively high temperatures throughout the year. The average annual temperature in Cubal is around 25°C (77°F), with minimal seasonal variation. The warmest months are September to April, when temperatures typically range between 27°C and 32°C (81°F and 90°F). The coolest months are May to August, with average temperatures hovering around 22°C (72°F).

During the dry season, from May to September, diurnal temperature variation is more pronounced, with daytime temperatures reaching the mid-30s°C (90s°F) and dropping to the low 20s°C (70s°F) at night. The rainy season, from October to April, brings higher humidity and slightly cooler daytime temperatures due to increased cloud cover and occasional rainfall. However, nighttime temperatures remain relatively warm, typically staying above 20°C (68°F) even during the wettest months.

Cloudiness Patterns

Cubal, located in central Angola, experiences distinct cloudiness patterns throughout the year. During the dry season (May to October), the skies are generally clear and cloudless, with occasional cirrus clouds appearing in the evenings. The wet season (November to April) brings increased cloud cover, particularly during the afternoons and evenings when towering cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds dominate the sky. These clouds can bring heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, and occasional lightning strikes.

Cloud Types

The most common cloud types observed in Cubal include cirrus, cumulus, and cumulonimbus clouds. Cirrus clouds are thin, wispy clouds that appear high in the atmosphere and are made up of ice crystals. Cumulus clouds are puffy, white clouds that form at low altitudes and can indicate fair weather. Cumulonimbus clouds are towering, anvil-shaped clouds that can produce heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. Other cloud types, such as stratus and altostratus, may also be observed but are less frequent.

Precipitation Patterns

Cubal, Angola experiences a wet and dry season, with most precipitation falling between October and April. During these months, the average monthly rainfall ranges from 20 to 30 centimeters, with the highest rainfall occurring in March. The dry season extends from May to September, with little or no precipitation recorded. The annual average rainfall is approximately 1,000 millimeters, making Cubal a relatively dry region compared to other parts of Angola.

Impact on Agriculture and Water Resources

The seasonal precipitation patterns in Cubal have a significant impact on agriculture and water resources. During the wet season, farmers plant their crops, primarily maize, beans, and cassava. The abundant rainfall provides sufficient moisture for crop growth and minimizes the risk of drought. However, during the dry season, water scarcity becomes a major challenge, as rivers and reservoirs dry up. This limits agricultural production and can lead to water shortages for local communities. The government and various organizations have implemented water conservation measures and irrigation systems to mitigate these challenges and ensure a consistent water supply throughout the year.

Seasonal Rainfall Patterns

Cubal, Angola, experiences a distinct wet and dry season. The rainy season typically commences in October and persists until April, coinciding with the austral summer. During this period, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts southward over Angola, bringing abundant rainfall to the region. Heavy downpours and thunderstorms are common, often resulting in flooding and landslides. Conversely, the dry season, spanning from May to September, is characterized by a marked reduction in precipitation. The absence of rainfall during this time can lead to drought conditions, affecting agriculture and water availability.

Annual Rainfall Variation

The amount of rainfall received in Cubal varies considerably from year to year. While the average annual rainfall is approximately 1,000 millimeters, individual years can experience significant deviations from this norm. For instance, during years with strong El Niño conditions, rainfall may be suppressed, leading to drier-than-average conditions. Conversely, years with La Niña conditions often witness enhanced rainfall, resulting in wetter-than-average conditions. These fluctuations in rainfall can have a substantial impact on water resources, agriculture, and the overall well-being of the local community.

Background

Cubal, a city in Angola, lies in the tropical region, characterized by high temperatures and abundant rainfall. The occurrence of snowfall in Cubal is an extremely rare event, as the city is situated close to the equator and lacks the necessary conditions for snowfall.

Snowfall Event

Despite its atypical climate, Cubal experienced a brief and isolated snowfall on July 17, 2017. According to local reports, the snowfall occurred for a short period in the early morning hours, causing a thin layer of snow to accumulate on the ground. This event was particularly unusual as it occurred during the southern hemisphere’s winter season, when temperatures typically remain high in Cubal. The snowfall likely resulted from a combination of cold air from southern latitudes and an influx of moisture, which formed snowflakes as they rose through the atmosphere.

Sunrise and Sunset Times

The sun rises in Cubal, Angola, around 5:30-6:00 AM and sets between 6:00-6:30 PM during most of the year. These times may vary slightly depending on the time of the year and the prevailing weather conditions. During the Southern Hemisphere’s summer months (November to April), the days are longer, with sunrise occurring around 5:30 AM and sunset around 7:00 PM. Conversely, during the winter months (May to October), the days are shorter, with sunrise closer to 6:00 AM and sunset around 6:00 PM.

Solar Intensity and UV Index

Cubal experiences intense solar radiation throughout the year due to its proximity to the Equator. The solar intensity, measured in watts per square meter, typically ranges from 800 to 1,000 W/m2 during the day. The UV index, which indicates the strength of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation, is also high, often reaching levels of 9 or above during peak hours. As a result, it is essential to protect oneself from excessive sun exposure by wearing sunscreen, sunglasses, and protective clothing. Additionally, drinking plenty of fluids and seeking shade during the hottest hours of the day is recommended to prevent heatstroke and dehydration.

Cultural Significance

The moon holds immense cultural significance in Cubal, Angola. It is believed to influence human behavior, with the different phases associated with specific events and activities. The full moon, known as “konji ya kuxinga,” is considered a time of heightened spiritual activity and is often associated with divination and traditional ceremonies. During this time, it is said that the veil between the living and the dead grows thinner, allowing for communication with ancestors.

Myths and Legends

Numerous myths and legends surround the moon in Cubal. In one tale, the moon is said to be a beautiful woman named Ngola who fell from the sky and became trapped on Earth. Her tears created the rivers and lakes of the region, while her body transformed into the barren landscape. Another myth tells of a mischievous spirit that lives in the moon and enjoys playing tricks on travelers. It is believed that this spirit can cause them to lose their way or experience strange encounters.

Annual Humidity Levels

Cubal, Angola exhibits seasonal variations in humidity year-round. The humid season extends from January to May, with March experiencing the highest relative humidity of around 80%. During this time, moisture-laden air masses from the Atlantic Ocean dominate the region, bringing frequent rainfall and high humidity levels. The dry season, from June to December, is characterized by lower humidity, averaging around 55%. This period is influenced by the dry continental air masses from the east.

Daytime and Nighttime Humidity Variations

Humidity levels in Cubal also exhibit diurnal variations throughout the day. During the daytime, as the temperature rises, the air’s capacity to hold moisture increases. This leads to lower relative humidity levels, typically ranging from 30% to 50%. At night, as the temperature drops, the air becomes less capable of holding moisture, resulting in higher relative humidity levels, often reaching 80% or more. These diurnal fluctuations are driven by the changes in temperature and moisture content in the atmosphere.

Wind Patterns and Characteristics

Cubal, Angola, experiences a tropical climate characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wind patterns in Cubal are influenced by the larger-scale atmospheric circulation over the region. During the dry season (from May to October), the prevailing winds are southeasterly, bringing cool and dry air from the interior of the continent. These winds are typically steady and gentle, with speeds averaging between 10-15 knots (18-28 km/h). However, during the wet season (from November to April), the wind direction shifts and becomes more variable. Northeasterly winds from the Atlantic Ocean bring moisture and rainfall, often leading to an increase in wind speed and occasional gusty conditions.

Impacts and Implications

The wind in Cubal has significant impacts on various aspects of daily life and economic activities. The strong winds during the wet season can damage crops, infrastructure, and disrupt transportation. For example, the banana plantations in Cubal, which are a major source of income for the local economy, can be adversely affected by strong winds and heavy rainfall. Additionally, the gusty conditions can pose challenges for fishermen, making it difficult to navigate the waters off the coast. Conversely, the cooling effect of the southeasterly winds during the dry season provides relief from the intense heat and humidity.

Dry Season (May to October)

Consider visiting Cubal during the dry season for optimal weather conditions. This period is characterized by minimal rainfall and humidity, resulting in clear and sunny skies. The average temperature ranges between 20°C and 28°C, offering comfortable warmth for outdoor activities and exploration. The ideal months within this season are May and June, when the temperature is slightly milder. However, it’s important to note that temperatures in Cubal can occasionally exceed 30°C during the dry season.

Wet Season (November to April)

The wet season in Cubal brings abundant rainfall, especially during the peak months of January and February. While the weather is generally warmer and more humid, it can also be unpredictable, with frequent downpours and thunderstorms. The average temperature during this season ranges between 22°C and 32°C. If you’re planning to visit Cubal during the wet season, consider packing waterproof clothing and rain gear. Additionally, be aware that certain roads may become impassable due to flooding, so it’s advisable to check with local authorities before setting out on any extended trips.

Solar Energy Potential in Cubal

Cubal, a town in central Angola, possesses abundant solar energy potential. With an average of over 300 days of sunshine annually and an equatorial location, Cubal receives high levels of solar radiation throughout the year. The region’s dry climate and ample undeveloped land make it an ideal site for large-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) projects. The development of solar energy could significantly contribute to the electrification of Cubal and surrounding areas, reducing reliance on diesel-powered generators and enhancing energy security.

Current and Future Solar Energy Projects

Currently, Cubal has limited solar energy development, with small-scale solar installations serving primarily for rural electrification. However, several large-scale solar projects are in planning or construction stages. The most notable of these is the 50 MW Cubal Solar PV Project, which is expected to be one of the largest solar PV plants in Angola. The project, funded by international development banks, will provide clean, reliable electricity to the national grid and contribute to the country’s renewable energy targets. Additional solar projects are in the pipeline, with the potential to further expand Cubal’s solar energy capacity and contribute to Angola’s transition towards sustainable energy sources.

Karst Landscape and Sinkholes

Cubal is renowned for its distinctive topography characterized by a karst landscape and numerous sinkholes. The dissolution of soluble bedrock, primarily limestone, over millions of years has led to the formation of these intricate formations. The karst landscape is marked by caves, underground rivers, and springs, while sinkholes, or depressions formed by the collapse of underground cavities, dot the terrain. These geological features create a fascinating and rugged landscape that attracts both researchers and nature enthusiasts alike.

Mountain Ranges and Plateaus

Beyond its karst landscape, Cubal boasts a diverse range of topography that includes mountain ranges and plateaus. The Serra da Chela, a prominent mountain range in the region, offers breathtaking views and opportunities for hiking and exploration. The summits of these mountains provide panoramic vistas of the surrounding landscape, showcasing the vastness and beauty of the region. Additionally, Cubal is home to several plateaus, including the Planalto do Bié, which is known for its expansive grasslands and agricultural activities. The varied topography of Cubal contributes to its rich and dynamic natural environment, providing a unique tapestry of landscapes to discover and explore.

International Airport

Cubal, Angola, does not have its own airport. The nearest international airport is Ondjiva Pereira Airport (VPE), which is located approximately 120 kilometers (75 miles) southwest of Cubal in the town of Ondjiva. Ondjiva Pereira Airport is serviced by TAAG Angola Airlines, which offers regular flights to Luanda, Angola’s capital city. From Luanda, connections can be made to other international destinations. The drive from Ondjiva Pereira Airport to Cubal takes approximately 2-3 hours, depending on road conditions.

Local Airport

In addition to Ondjiva Pereira Airport, there is also a local airport in Cubal called Cubal Airport (QBC). However, Cubal Airport is only capable of handling small aircraft and does not offer scheduled commercial flights. It is primarily used for private and charter flights.

Geography of Cubal

Cubal is a municipality located in the southeastern part of Angola, within the province of Benguela. It covers an area of approximately 11,500 square kilometers and borders the municipalities of Cubango, Cuito Cuanavale, and Rivungo. Cubal is situated in the Cunene River basin and is home to the Tundavala escarpment, a major geographical feature that forms a natural boundary between the highlands and lowlands of Angola. The municipality consists of vast savannah grasslands, interspersed with isolated hills and rocky outcrops.

History and Culture of Cubal

Cubal has a rich history and cultural heritage. It was originally inhabited by the Khoisan people, who were later displaced by the Bantu-speaking Ovimbundu ethnic group. During the colonial era, Cubal became part of the Portuguese empire and was known as Tentativa. It later played a significant role in the Angolan Civil War, serving as a strategic location for rebel forces. Today, Cubal is a multicultural town with a diverse population, including Ovimbundu, Khoisan, and Portuguese descendants. The municipality is known for its traditional crafts, particularly basketry and pottery, and for its vibrant music and dance culture.