Coimbra Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Portugal

Temperature and Precipitation: Coimbra experiences a Mediterranean climate with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Temperatures average between 9°C (48°F) in January and 24°C (75°F) in August. Annual precipitation totals around 900mm (35in), with most rainfall occurring during the winter months. Summers are generally dry, with only occasional showers.

Seasonal Variations: Spring (March to May) brings warmer temperatures, increasing sunshine, and blooming flowers. The weather is pleasant, with average temperatures ranging from 11°C (52°F) to 18°C (64°F). Summer (June to August) is the hottest and driest season, with temperatures often exceeding 30°C (86°F). Nights are warm, and the humidity can be high. Autumn (September to November) is a time of transition, with temperatures gradually cooling and precipitation increasing. The weather is often mild and sunny, with occasional showers. Winter (December to February) is the coldest and wettest season, with temperatures averaging around 10°C (50°F). Fog and drizzle are common, and occasional snowfall is possible at higher elevations.

Average Monthly Temperature

Coimbra, Portugal, experiences a Mediterranean climate, characterized by warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The average monthly temperature in Coimbra varies significantly throughout the year. During the summer months (June to September), temperatures reach their peak, with average highs ranging from 28°C (82°F) in June to 32°C (90°F) in August. The hottest month in Coimbra is August, with an average high of 32°C (90°F) and an average low of 18°C (64°F).

Average Yearly Temperature

The average yearly temperature in Coimbra is 15.9°C (61°F). The warmest season is summer, with average temperatures above 20°C (68°F). The coldest season is winter, with average temperatures below 10°C (50°F). January is the coldest month in Coimbra, with an average high of 11°C (52°F) and an average low of 4°C (39°F). The annual temperature range in Coimbra is moderate, with a difference of approximately 12°C (22°F) between the warmest and coldest months.

Cloud Cover in Coimbra, Portugal

Coimbra, located in central Portugal, experiences varying levels of cloud cover throughout the year. During the winter months (December to February), Coimbra typically has more overcast days with frequent rainfall. Cloud cover can range from 60 to 80%, resulting in a lack of sunshine and a gloomy atmosphere. The average precipitation during these months is substantial, contributing to the city’s overall humidity.

In contrast, the summer months (June to August) bring clearer skies and less precipitation. Cloud cover usually decreases to around 20-40%, allowing for more sunshine and warmer temperatures. The city enjoys long stretches of dry weather, making it an ideal destination for outdoor activities. However, occasional thunderstorms can occur, particularly during the late afternoon or evening.

Total Annual Precipitation

Coimbra, Portugal receives an average of 850 millimeters of precipitation annually, distributed fairly evenly throughout the year. This places it within the range of “moderate precipitation” as defined by the Köppen climate classification. The wettest months are November and December, with average precipitation of 120 and 110 millimeters, respectively. The driest months are July and August, with average precipitation of 10 and 5 millimeters, respectively.

Precipitation Patterns

Coimbra’s precipitation patterns are influenced by its location on the western coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The city is exposed to moist air masses from the Atlantic Ocean, which bring rainfall throughout the year. However, the amount of precipitation varies depending on the season. During the winter months, the westerlies are stronger, bringing more rainfall. In the summer months, the westerlies weaken, and the city experiences less rainfall. The city also experiences occasional thunderstorms, particularly during the summer months.

Rainfall Patterns

Coimbra, Portugal, experiences a humid subtropical climate with a distinct wet and dry season. The wet season typically spans from October to April, characterized by frequent rainfall and sporadic thunderstorms. During this period, the city receives significant precipitation, with monthly rainfall averages ranging between 80 and 120 millimeters. The peak rainfall occurs in November and December, with an average of over 100 millimeters per month.

In contrast, the dry season extends from May to September, bringing hot and dry weather to Coimbra. Rainfall during this period is infrequent and sporadic, with monthly averages falling below 30 millimeters. The summer months of July and August often see little to no precipitation, contributing to the city’s often arid conditions during this time of year. Overall, Coimbra receives an annual rainfall of approximately 800 millimeters, distributed unevenly throughout the year.

Historical Snowfall Events

Snowfall is a rare occurrence in Coimbra, Portugal, a city located in the central region of the country. However, there have been several notable snowfall events recorded in Coimbra’s history. One of the most significant occurred in late January 1985, when a cold front from Siberia brought heavy snowfall across the Iberian Peninsula. Coimbra received over 20 centimeters of snow, leading to widespread disruption and power outages. The city was transformed into a winter wonderland, with snow covering the streets, buildings, and surrounding hills.

Recent Snowfall Events

While snowfall in Coimbra is uncommon, it has occurred in recent years. In February 2019, a snowfall event brought several centimeters of snow to the city, coating it in a blanket of white. The snow caused some disruptions to daily life, but it also brought delight to residents and visitors alike, who enjoyed the picturesque wintry scenes. Similar snowfall events occurred in December 2020 and January 2022, although they were generally less severe than the 1985 snowfall.

Solar Radiation and Sunshine Duration

Coimbra, a historic city in central Portugal, experiences abundant sunshine throughout the year. The city enjoys an average of more than 2,700 hours of sunshine annually, placing it among the sunniest regions within Portugal. The solar radiation in Coimbra is typically high, particularly during the summer months. The average daily solar radiation in July and August can exceed 2,000 kilojoules per square meter, indicating the strong intensity of the sun’s rays. This abundance of solar energy has the potential for extensive utilization in photovoltaic systems and other renewable energy applications.

Seasonal Variations

The amount of sunshine in Coimbra varies noticeably depending on the season. During the winter months, from December to February, the city receives fewer hours of sunshine compared to the summer. The average daily sunshine duration during these months is around 5-7 hours. However, even during the winter solstice in December, Coimbra can still experience up to 5 hours of sunshine per day. In contrast, the summer months of June to August are characterized by prolonged sunshine durations, averaging over 10 hours per day. The longest day of the year, which occurs around June 21, brings approximately 15 hours of sunshine to Coimbra. This seasonal variation in sunshine duration reflects the Earth’s tilt and the changing position of the sun relative to Coimbra’s latitude.

History of the Moon in Coimbra

The moon has played a significant role in the history and culture of Coimbra, Portugal. The city’s name is derived from the Latin word “Conimbrica,” which means “hill of the moon.” This name is thought to reference the crescent moon shape of the hill on which the city was built. The moon has also been featured on the city’s coat of arms for centuries, symbolizing its importance to the city’s identity.

Throughout history, the moon has been a source of inspiration for Coimbra’s poets, writers, and artists. The city is home to several literary works that reference the moon, including the medieval poem “Cancioneiro da Ajuda” by King Denis I. The moon has also been depicted in numerous works of art, including the sculptures of João de Ruão and the paintings of José Malhoa.

Seasonal Humidity Patterns

Coimbra, Portugal, experiences distinct humidity patterns throughout the year. During the summer months (June to September), the average humidity levels range between 75% to 85%. The high humidity, combined with warm temperatures, can create a muggy and uncomfortable atmosphere. In contrast, during the winter months (December to February), the humidity falls to around 60% to 70%. The colder temperatures and lower humidity levels make for more pleasant outdoor conditions.

Factors Influencing Humidity

The humidity levels in Coimbra are influenced by several factors. The city’s proximity to the Atlantic Ocean contributes to the high humidity, particularly during the summer months when warm, moist air flows inland. Additionally, the topography of the region, with mountains to the east and the Mondego River valley to the west, creates microclimates that can affect local humidity levels. Coimbra’s urban development and the presence of vegetation also play a role in modifying the city’s humidity patterns.

Wind Speed and Direction

Coimbra, Portugal, is characterized by moderate wind speeds throughout the year. The average wind speed ranges between 10-15 kilometers per hour (6-9 miles per hour), providing a pleasant breeze that helps to mitigate the effects of humidity. During the summer months, wind speeds tend to be slightly higher, while in the winter they are typically lower. The prevailing wind direction is from the west, bringing in cool and refreshing air from the Atlantic Ocean.

Seasonal Variations

Seasonal variations in wind patterns are evident in Coimbra. In the spring and summer, the wind tends to be more variable in direction, with frequent changes between westerly and easterly winds. This variability can be attributed to the influence of thermal low-pressure systems and the movement of the Azores High. In the autumn and winter, the wind becomes more consistent in direction, blowing predominantly from the west. This is associated with the passage of Atlantic storms and the establishment of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which influences the weather patterns in western Europe.

Spring (March-May)

Spring is an idyllic time to visit Coimbra, Portugal, offering a vibrant tapestry of colors and a pleasant climate. The city awakens from its winter slumber as wildflowers bloom in profusion, painting the hills and meadows in hues of yellow, blue, and purple. The daytime temperatures hover between 15-25°C (59-77°F), providing ideal conditions for exploring the city’s historic streets, visiting its iconic university, and indulging in outdoor activities. Spring also coincides with the Coimbra Football Club’s season, making it an excellent time to catch a lively match and experience the city’s sporting spirit.

Autumn (September-November)

As summer fades into autumn, Coimbra transforms into a city of golden hues and crisp, refreshing air. The leaves on the trees turn into vibrant shades of red, orange, and yellow, creating a picturesque backdrop for sightseeing and photography. The daytime temperatures drop slightly, ranging from 12-20°C (54-68°F), inviting comfortable exploration of the city’s many attractions. Autumn is also a great time to taste Coimbra’s renowned regional cuisine, as vendors prepare traditional dishes from freshly harvested produce and local specialties. The streets come alive with the sound of traditional music, creating a charming and festive atmosphere.

Solar Radiation and Potential

Coimbra, Portugal, enjoys abundant solar irradiation throughout the year. The city receives an average of 2,600 sunshine hours annually, with the highest values during the summer months. The solar radiation intensity in Coimbra ranges from 1,000 to 1,300 watts per square meter (W/m²). This high solar potential makes Coimbra an ideal location for exploiting solar energy technologies.

Solar Installations and Usage

Coimbra has been actively embracing solar energy in recent years. The city hosts several photovoltaic (PV) power plants, contributing to its renewable energy mix. These PV systems range in size from rooftop installations on residential buildings to large-scale solar farms in nearby areas. In addition, solar thermal systems are also used for water heating and space heating in various buildings and homes in Coimbra. The growing adoption of solar energy in Coimbra is reducing the city’s reliance on fossil fuels and contributing to its sustainable development goals.

Urban Areas

The topography of Coimbra, Portugal, is characterized by a steep hill on the north bank of the Mondego River and a relatively flat area on the south bank. The highest point in the city is the Serra da Estrela, which rises to an elevation of 1,993 meters (6,539 feet). The city is also home to several other hills, including the Santa Clara Hill, the São Jerónimo Hill, and the Monte das Ínsuas.

The Mondego River flows through the center of Coimbra, dividing the city into two distinct areas. The north bank is home to the city’s historic center, which is characterized by narrow streets, winding alleys, and traditional Portuguese architecture. The south bank is home to the city’s more modern areas, which include the university, the science park, and several shopping malls.

Natural Features

Coimbra is surrounded by a variety of natural features, including the Serra da Estrela mountains, the Mondego River, and the Mondego Estuary. The Serra da Estrela mountains are a popular destination for hikers, skiers, and snowboarders. The Mondego River is a popular spot for fishing, swimming, and boating. The Mondego Estuary is a protected area that is home to a variety of birds and other wildlife.

Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport (OPO)

Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport is the closest airport to Coimbra, approximately 100 kilometers away. It is located in the city of Porto and offers a wide range of domestic and international flights. The airport has two terminals, Terminal 1 for international flights and Terminal 2 for domestic flights. Passengers can access Coimbra from the airport by taking a bus, which takes about 1 hour and 30 minutes, or by renting a car.

Lisbon Airport (LIS)

Lisbon Airport is another option for reaching Coimbra, although it is slightly farther than OPO, at approximately 130 kilometers away. It is located in the capital city of Lisbon and is a major hub for both domestic and international flights. The airport has two terminals, Terminal 1 and Terminal 2, which are connected by a free shuttle bus. Passengers can reach Coimbra from the airport by taking a train, which takes about 2 hours and 30 minutes, or by taking a bus, which takes about 3 hours.

Coimbra’s History and Culture

Coimbra, Portugal, a picturesque city nestled along the Mondego River, boasts a rich history dating back centuries. Its prominence as the former capital of the country has left an indelible mark on its architecture, culture, and traditions. The University of Coimbra, founded in the 13th century, is one of the oldest and most prestigious in Europe. Its historic buildings, including the beautiful Biblioteca Joanina, are a testament to Coimbra’s enduring academic legacy. The city is also renowned for its Fado music, a melancholic genre with roots in Portugal’s urban working class. Coimbra’s cultural landscape is further enriched by numerous museums, churches, and monasteries, each with its own unique story to tell.

Coimbra’s Attractions and Activities

Coimbra offers a diverse range of attractions and activities to visitors. The Old Town, a labyrinthine maze of narrow streets, cobblestone squares, and historic buildings, is a must-explore for its charm and atmosphere. Visitors can take a leisurely walk along the Mondego River, enjoying the scenic views and the tranquillity of the riverfront. The Jardim Botânico da Universidade de Coimbra, a botanical garden with a rich collection of plants from around the world, is a popular retreat for locals and tourists alike. Coimbra is also home to several prominent cultural venues, including the Teatro Académico Gil Vicente, known for its diverse programming of theatre, music, and dance.