City of Calamba Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Philippines

Temperature and Humidity:

Calamba, Philippines, experiences a tropical climate characterized by consistent warmth throughout the year. The average annual temperature hovers around 28°C (82°F), with minimal seasonal variations. The warmest months are April and May, with average temperatures reaching up to 30°C (86°F). December and January are the coolest months, with temperatures dropping to around 26°C (79°F). The humidity levels in Calamba are generally high, averaging between 70% and 80% throughout the year.

Rainfall:

Calamba receives substantial rainfall throughout the year, with an average annual precipitation of around 2,000 mm (79 inches). The rainy season typically extends from June to October, during which time heavy downpours and thunderstorms are common. The wettest month is August, with an average rainfall of over 300 mm (12 inches). The dry season, lasting from November to May, still experiences occasional showers but with much less frequency and intensity. Calamba’s rainfall patterns are influenced by the southwest monsoon, which brings abundant moisture from the Pacific Ocean during the rainy season.

Overall Temperature Trend

The city of Calamba, located in the Philippines, experiences a tropical climate, characterized by consistently high temperatures year-round. The average monthly temperature ranges from a minimum of 24.5°C to a maximum of 29°C. January is typically the coolest month, with an average temperature of 24.5°C, while April and May are the warmest months, with average temperatures of around 29°C. The city enjoys a moderate humidity level, averaging around 75-80% throughout the year.

Seasonal Variations

Calamba experiences two distinct seasons: a dry season from November to April and a wet season from May to October. During the dry season, temperatures tend to be slightly higher, with average daily temperatures ranging from 25-30°C. This period is characterized by clear skies and minimal rainfall. In contrast, the wet season brings lower temperatures, with average daily temperatures between 24-28°C. The city receives significant rainfall during this season, with heavy downpours often occurring in the afternoon or evening.

Cloud Types in Calamba

Calamba City, located in the Philippines, experiences various types of clouds due to its tropical climate and proximity to the ocean. Cumulus clouds are common during the day, appearing as puffy white clouds with flat bases. These clouds are often associated with fair weather and can sometimes develop into larger, rain-producing clouds. Cirrus clouds, on the other hand, are thin, wispy clouds composed of ice crystals. They typically appear at high altitudes and indicate fair or stable weather. Stratocumulus clouds, a combination of cumulus and stratus clouds, are characterized by a layer of gray clouds with rounded tops and occasional breaks of sunshine.

Impact of Clouds on Calamba’s Climate

Clouds play a significant role in shaping Calamba’s climate. Cumulus clouds provide shade from the sun, reducing temperatures during the day. They can also lead to occasional showers, especially during the afternoon or evening. Cirrus clouds have minimal impact on ground-level weather, as they are too high to produce precipitation. Stratocumulus clouds, however, can bring overcast conditions and light drizzle. The presence of clouds, in general, can affect the humidity levels and wind patterns in Calamba, influencing the overall comfort and weather conditions experienced by residents.

Seasonal Precipitation Patterns

Calamba experiences a distinct wet and dry season. The wet season spans from May to October, with the heaviest rainfall typically occurring in July and August. During these months, the city receives an average of over 200 millimeters of rain per month. In contrast, the dry season lasts from November to April, with the driest months being January and February. During this period, rainfall is scarce, and monthly precipitation often falls below 50 millimeters.

Factors Influencing Precipitation

The seasonal precipitation patterns in Calamba are primarily influenced by the monsoon winds. During the wet season, the southwest monsoon brings warm, moist air from the Indian Ocean, leading to heavy rainfall. In the dry season, the northeast monsoon dominates, bringing colder, drier air from the Asian continent. Additionally, the city’s proximity to the Sierra Madre mountain range contributes to increased rainfall on the western slopes of the mountains due to orographic lifting. During the wet season, clouds passing over the mountains are forced to rise, causing them to cool and release moisture in the form of rain.

Monthly Rainfall Distribution

In the City of Calamba, Philippines, the rainfall distribution throughout the year follows a distinct pattern. The wet season typically spans from May to October, with August and September being the months with the highest average rainfall. During this period, the city receives substantial amounts of precipitation, often resulting in heavy downpours and thunderstorms. The dry season, on the other hand, encompasses the remaining months, from November to April. During these months, rainfall is significantly lower, with January and February being the driest. This pattern is largely influenced by the monsoon winds, which bring moisture-laden air from the southwest during the wet season and drier air from the northeast during the dry season.

Seasonal Rainfall Variability

The City of Calamba experiences considerable variability in monthly rainfall, particularly during the wet season. While August and September are typically the wettest months, the exact timing and intensity of rainfall can vary from year to year. This variability is often influenced by large-scale atmospheric patterns, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). During El Niño years, the wet season tends to be drier, with below-average rainfall. Conversely, during La Niña years, the wet season is generally wetter, with above-average rainfall. The IOD can also impact rainfall patterns in Calamba, with positive phases associated with increased rainfall and negative phases associated with decreased rainfall. Understanding these climate patterns and their potential impacts is crucial for water resource management and disaster preparedness in the city.

Unprecedented Snowfall in Calamba City

On January 25th, 2023, the Philippines witnessed an unprecedented snowfall in the city of Calamba, located in the southern province of Laguna. Residents awoke to a surreal sight as a blanket of white covered the roofs, roads, and trees of their city. The snowfall, which had not been recorded in Calamba for decades, caused widespread amazement and joy among the locals.

Despite its brief duration, the snowfall had a significant impact on the city. Schools and businesses were closed, and residents took to the streets to capture the extraordinary moment. The use of heavy machinery to clear the snow from roads and public areas was necessary, as the accumulation hindered transportation. The unusual weather phenomenon became a symbol of the city’s resilience and adaptability in the face of the unexpected.

Sun Path and Time

In the City of Calamba, located in the Philippines, the sun’s path varies throughout the year due to the Earth’s rotation and axial tilt. During the summer months (May to September), the sun reaches its highest point in the sky at around noon, resulting in longer daylight hours. Conversely, during the winter months (November to March), the sun’s position is lower in the sky, leading to shorter days and earlier sunsets. Additionally, the time in Calamba is influenced by the Philippine Standard Time (PST), which is 8 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

Solar Radiation and Temperature

The amount of solar radiation received in Calamba is affected by factors such as the time of day, season, and weather conditions. During晴朗的日子, the sun’s rays reach the Earth’s surface with greater intensity, leading to higher solar radiation levels and increased temperatures. Conversely, during cloudy or rainy days, the sunlight is partially blocked, resulting in lower solar radiation levels and cooler temperatures. The average temperature in Calamba ranges from 25 to 35 degrees Celsius (77 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit), with higher temperatures typically occurring during the summer months.

Appearance and Visibility

In the City of Calamba, Philippines, the moon’s appearance and visibility vary throughout the lunar cycle. During a new moon, the moon is not visible from Earth because it is positioned between the Sun and Earth. As the moon moves in its orbit, it gradually becomes visible as a thin crescent. Over the next several days, the moon’s illuminated portion grows larger, culminating in a full moon, when the entire face of the moon is illuminated. The full moon is typically visible in the sky around midnight and is often the brightest object in the night sky.

Influence on Tides and Weather

The moon’s gravitational pull has a significant impact on tides in Calamba. During a full moon or new moon, the moon’s pull is strongest, resulting in higher high tides and lower low tides. These “spring tides” can cause flooding in low-lying areas. Conversely, during the first quarter and third quarter moon, the moon’s pull is weaker, resulting in less pronounced tides known as “neap tides.” Additionally, the moon’s gravitational pull is believed to influence weather patterns, although the exact nature of this relationship is still subject to scientific debate. Some local folklore suggests that a full moon can influence the severity of rainstorms, while a new moon may cause clearer skies.

Humidity Levels and Patterns

The City of Calamba, Philippines, experiences high levels of humidity throughout the year due to its tropical climate and proximity to the sea. Relative humidity typically ranges between 70% and 90%, with the wettest months being June to October during the southwest monsoon season. During this period, humidity levels often reach saturation, leading to muggy and uncomfortable conditions. In contrast, humidity is slightly lower during the dry season, which lasts from November to May. However, even during this time, humidity remains high, typically ranging from 60% to 80%.

Impacts of Humidity

High humidity in Calamba can significantly impact daily life and well-being. It can cause discomfort and heat exhaustion, especially during hot and humid weather. Additionally, high humidity can lead to increased sweating, which can result in dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Furthermore, humidity can exacerbate respiratory problems such as asthma and allergies, as it can make it difficult to breathe. It can also contribute to the growth of mold and mildew, which can pose health risks.

Wind Patterns and Seasonality

The City of Calamba in the Philippines experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. During the southwest monsoon season (May to October), prevailing winds blow from the southwest, bringing warm and humid air from the Indian Ocean. These winds often bring heavy rainfall, contributing to the city’s high annual precipitation. In contrast, during the northeast monsoon season (November to April), prevailing winds shift to the northeast, originating from the Pacific Ocean. These winds are typically cooler and drier, resulting in a less rainy period.

Impact of Wind on Daily Life

The strong winds experienced during the southwest monsoon season can have a significant impact on daily life in Calamba. High-rise buildings and trees sway noticeably, and loose objects can be easily blown away. During severe storms, downed trees and power lines can cause power outages and disrupt transportation. On the other hand, the cooler and drier winds of the northeast monsoon season make for more pleasant outdoor conditions, ideal for activities such as walking, biking, and picnicking. Additionally, the strong winds help disperse air pollution, improving air quality during this period.

Dry Season: December to April

The best time to visit Calamba City is during the dry season, which runs from December to April. During this time, the weather is generally dry and sunny, with temperatures averaging around 28°C (82°F). This makes it ideal for outdoor activities such as hiking, swimming, and exploring the city’s many historical and cultural attractions. Additionally, the dry season coincides with many local festivals and events, offering a chance to experience the city’s vibrant culture firsthand.

Shoulder Season: May to June and September to November

The shoulder seasons, which fall between the wet and dry seasons (May to June and September to November), also offer pleasant weather for visiting Calamba City. Temperatures remain warm, but humidity is generally lower, making it more comfortable to explore the city. While there may be occasional rainfall during these months, it is typically short-lived and does not interfere with outdoor activities. The shoulder seasons can also be a good time to visit if you are looking for fewer crowds and lower accommodation rates.

Solar Irradiation and Feasibility

The City of Calamba benefits from abundant solar resources, with an average of 5.5 kWh/m² of solar irradiation daily. This favorable solar profile makes it an ideal location for harnessing solar energy. Extensive research has affirmed the technical feasibility of large-scale solar projects in the city. Studies have shown that rooftop installations alone could generate significant amounts of renewable electricity, meeting a substantial portion of Calamba’s energy needs.

Government Initiatives and Sustainable Development

The local government of Calamba actively promotes the adoption of renewable energy sources, including solar energy. Through various initiatives and incentives, the city aims to create a sustainable energy landscape. The government has implemented a feed-in tariff scheme, providing financial support to businesses and households installing solar photovoltaic systems. Moreover, the city has established partnerships with energy providers to develop utility-scale solar projects, further diversifying the energy mix. These initiatives align with Calamba’s commitment to environmental stewardship and play a crucial role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to a more sustainable future.

Mounts and Hills

The topography of Calamba, Philippines, is characterized by several prominent mounts and hills. Mount Makiling, a dormant volcano, dominates the skyline to the east, serving as a natural boundary between Calamba and Los Baños. Its slopes provide scenic views and are ideal for hiking and outdoor activities. Other notable hills include Mount Batulao and Mount Sungay, which offer challenging hikes and breathtaking panoramas.

Rivers and Water Bodies

Calamba is bisected by the San Cristobal River, which flows from Mount Makiling to Laguna de Bay. The river has played a significant role in the city’s history, providing irrigation for agriculture and powering mills. Other water bodies in the area include Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the Philippines, and Calauan Lake, a popular destination for fishing and boating. These water bodies add to the city’s natural beauty and contribute to its recreational opportunities.

Manila Ninoy Aquino International Airport (MNL)

The nearest airport to the City of Calamba, Philippines, is the Manila Ninoy Aquino International Airport (MNL). Located approximately 55 kilometers (34 miles) north of Calamba, MNL is the main international gateway to the Philippines and serves as a hub for several major airlines, including Philippine Airlines, Cebu Pacific, and AirAsia. The airport offers a wide range of domestic and international flights, connecting Calamba to major cities in the Philippines and around the world. Passengers can travel to MNL by car, taxi, or bus, with the journey typically taking around 1-2 hours.

Other Nearby Airports

While MNL is the closest and most convenient airport for Calamba, there are other airports within a reasonable distance that may offer alternative options for travelers. These include the Clark International Airport (CRK) in Pampanga and the Fernando Air Base (FMA) in Lipa City. CRK is located approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles) north of Calamba and offers domestic and international flights. FMA is a military airport that also offers some commercial flights. However, it is primarily used for military operations and may not have as frequent or convenient flight schedules as MNL.

History and Culture

Calamba, nestled in the fertile plains of Laguna, boasts a rich history. Founded in 1578 by Spanish missionaries, the city played a pivotal role in the Philippine Revolution. It was here that the national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, spent his formative years and witnessed the oppression of his people. Calamba’s historic landmarks include the Casa Rizal, where Rizal was born, and the San Juan Bautista Church, a testament to the city’s enduring Catholic heritage.

Geography and Economy

Located just 50 kilometers southeast of Manila, Calamba is a thriving city. It is strategically positioned at the convergence of the South Luzon Expressway and the Philippine National Railways, making it an accessible hub for trade and commerce. The city’s economy is primarily driven by agriculture, with rice and coconut being the main crops. Industrialization has also taken root, with the establishment of numerous manufacturing and processing plants. Calamba’s proximity to Manila has contributed to its urbanization and the growth of its real estate market.