Ch’ongjin Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Korea, North

Winter in Ch’ongjin

Winters in Ch’ongjin are cold and freezing, with average temperatures below freezing throughout the season. January, the coldest month, averages at -12.5°C (9.5°F), while February is slightly warmer at -10.4°C (13.3°F). Precipitation is common during winter, predominantly in the form of snow. The region experiences an average of 12 to 15 days of snowfall each month, making for a picturesque winter wonderland.

Summer in Ch’ongjin

In contrast to the frigid winters, summers in Ch’ongjin are warm and relatively humid. July, the warmest month, averages at 22.8°C (73°F), with August being just slightly cooler at 21.9°C (71.4°F). Rainfall is frequent during the summer months, with an average of 8 to 10 rainy days per month. The increased humidity can make the warm temperatures feel even more oppressive at times.

Average Temperature

The average temperature in Ch’ongjin, Korea, North varies significantly throughout the year. During the coldest months of January and February, the average temperature hovers around -10°C (14°F). As spring approaches, temperatures gradually rise, reaching an average of around 5°C (41°F) in March and April.

Seasonal Variations

Summer in Ch’ongjin is relatively warm, with average temperatures ranging from 15°C (59°F) in May to 22°C (72°F) in August. However, temperatures can occasionally reach 30°C (86°F) during heat waves. Autumn brings cooler temperatures, with averages dropping to around 10°C (50°F) in October and 5°C (41°F) in November. Winter sets in during December, with average temperatures plummeting below freezing.

Cloud Characteristics and Formation

Ch’ongjin, Korea, North experiences a diverse range of cloud formations due to its location in the mid-latitudes and proximity to the Sea of Japan. Low-level stratus clouds frequently blanket the region, bringing overcast skies and occasional drizzle. These clouds form when moist air rises and cools, causing water vapor to condense into droplets or ice crystals. Middle-level altocumulus and altostratus clouds are also common, appearing as layered or patchy sheets of varying thickness. They often signify an approaching weather front or unstable atmospheric conditions.

Seasonal Variation in Cloud Cover

The cloud cover over Ch’ongjin varies significantly throughout the year. During the summer months, abundant moisture from the Sea of Japan leads to frequent cloud cover and occasional thunderstorms. In contrast, winter brings drier air and fewer clouds, resulting in clearer skies and more sunshine. However, cold fronts and associated cloud bands can still bring intermittent periods of overcast conditions. Spring and autumn are transitional seasons, characterized by a mix of cloud types and variable cloud cover as the weather patterns shift between the contrasting conditions of summer and winter.

Seasonal Distribution of Precipitation

Ch’ongjin, North Korea experiences a significant variation in precipitation throughout the year. The city receives most of its precipitation during the summer months, with July and August being the wettest. During these months, the average monthly rainfall exceeds 200 millimeters. In contrast, the winter months are relatively dry, with January and February receiving an average of only 10 millimeters of precipitation. The spring and fall months experience moderate rainfall, with average monthly totals ranging from 50 to 100 millimeters.

Influence of Topography and Weather Patterns

The topography of Ch’ongjin and its surrounding areas plays a significant role in shaping its precipitation patterns. The city is situated on the eastern coast of North Korea and faces the Sea of Japan. The presence of the mountains to the west and northwest of Ch’ongjin creates a rain shadow effect, which reduces precipitation on the leeward side. Additionally, the city’s location near the convergence zone of the Siberian and Pacific air masses results in frequent cyclonic and frontal activity, contributing to heavy rainfall during the summer months.

Seasonal Rainfall Patterns

Ch’ongjin experiences distinct seasonal variations in rainfall. The wet season typically spans from June to September, with the heaviest rainfall occurring in July and August. During this period, monsoonal winds from the Pacific Ocean bring abundant moisture, leading to frequent showers and thunderstorms. The average monthly rainfall during the wet season ranges from 150 to 250 mm. In contrast, the dry season extends from December to March, characterized by minimal precipitation. The average monthly rainfall during this period is less than 50 mm.

Annual Rainfall Distribution

On an annual basis, Ch’ongjin receives approximately 800 to 1,000 mm of rainfall. The spatial distribution of rainfall is influenced by topography, with higher elevations receiving more precipitation. The mountainous regions surrounding Ch’ongjin contribute to the city’s overall rainfall by intercepting moisture-laden air masses. The city experiences occasional heavy rainfall events, particularly during the monsoon season, which can result in localized flooding and landslides. However, these events are not common and the city generally enjoys a temperate climate with moderate precipitation levels.

Snowfall Patterns and Seasonality

Ch’ongjin, North Korea, experiences significant snowfall during the winter months, typically from November to March. The city lies in a coastal region with a humid continental climate, characterized by cold, dry winters and warm, humid summers. Snowfall in Ch’ongjin is often associated with cold fronts and low-pressure systems that bring moisture and cold air from the Siberian interior.

Impact on Transportation and Infrastructure

The heavy snowfall in Ch’ongjin can have a substantial impact on transportation and infrastructure. Roads become icy and snow-covered, leading to closures and delays for both vehicular and pedestrian traffic. Public transportation services, such as buses and trams, may be disrupted or suspended due to hazardous road conditions. Additionally, snowfall can cause damage to buildings, power lines, and other infrastructure, especially if accompanied by strong winds or freezing temperatures.

Sunrise and Sunset Times in Ch’ongjin, Korea, North

The timing of sunrise and sunset in Ch’ongjin, Korea, North, varies throughout the year due to the Earth’s tilt and the location’s latitude. During the summer months from May to July, the sun rises and sets later than the winter months. The longest day of the year is around June 21st, when the sun rises around 5:00 AM and sets around 8:30 PM, providing over 15 hours of daylight. In contrast, the shortest day is around December 21st, when the sun rises around 7:30 AM and sets around 5:30 PM, offering only about 8 hours of daylight.

Weather Conditions and Sun Exposure

Ch’ongjin’s weather conditions can also impact sun exposure. During the summer months, the city experiences warm temperatures and high humidity, making it important to take precautions against sunburn. It is advisable to wear sunscreen, seek shade during peak sunlight hours, and stay hydrated to avoid heat-related illnesses. In contrast, the winter months bring cold temperatures, snow, and overcast conditions, which can limit sun exposure. On clear days, however, it is still essential to protect against the sun’s harmful UV rays by wearing appropriate clothing and sunglasses.

Moon in Ch’ongjin, Korea, North

The moon observes the sleeping city of Ch’ongjin, Korea, North, casting an ethereal glow upon its hushed streets. The silvery orb illuminates the towering apartment blocks, whose windows flicker with the last remnants of human activity. The faintest of breezes whispers through the trees, carrying with it the distant sound of waves crashing against the coastline.

As the night deepens, the moon ascends higher in the sky, bathing Ch’ongjin in an otherworldly light. The city’s landmarks take on a surreal quality, their sharp edges softened and their colors muted. The Kim Il-sung Stadium, once the site of fervent political rallies, now stands as a silent sentinel under the moonlight’s embrace. The river that flows through the city’s heart reflects the celestial orb, creating a shimmering pathway that leads into the unknown.

Annual Humidity Patterns

Ch’ongjin experiences distinct annual humidity patterns, influenced by its geographic location and climate. During the summer months, typically from June to August, humidity levels soar, reaching an average high of around 80%. The warm temperatures and frequent rainfall during this period contribute to the high moisture content in the air. The humidity often persists throughout the day and night, creating a muggy and uncomfortable atmosphere.

Seasonal Variation

The humidity in Ch’ongjin undergoes significant seasonal variation. In the winter months, from December to February, humidity levels drop significantly. The average low humidity during this period hovers around 50%, as cold air holds less moisture. The cold, dry conditions result in a notable decrease in the perception of humidity. However, on occasional days when temperatures rise or precipitation occurs, humidity levels can temporarily increase.

Wind Patterns in Ch’ongjin

Ch’ongjin, located on the northeast coast of North Korea, experiences distinct wind patterns influenced by its geographical position. Prevailing winds in the region blow from the northwest during the winter months (December to March), bringing cold and dry air from Siberia. These winds are part of the East Asian winter monsoon, which affects much of Northeast Asia. During the summer months (June to August), prevailing winds shift to the southeast, bringing warm and humid air from the Sea of Japan.

Impact of Wind on Ch’ongjin

The strong winds that blow in Ch’ongjin significantly impact the city’s environment and daily life. The cold northwest winds in winter can cause discomfort and hinder outdoor activities. The strong gusts of wind also contribute to erosion and sandstorms, particularly in coastal areas. In contrast, the warm southeast winds in summer provide relief from the heat and increase humidity levels. However, these winds can also bring heavy rainfall and occasional typhoons, leading to flooding and transportation disruptions. To mitigate the effects of strong winds, windbreaks have been constructed in various parts of the city, and buildings have been designed to withstand the harsh weather conditions.

Spring (April-May)

Spring in Ch’ongjin is a delightful season, offering a vibrant display of nature’s renewal. The city awakens from its winter slumber, adorned with blooming cherry trees and other colorful flowers. The weather is pleasant, with mild temperatures ranging from 10 to 20°C (50 to 68°F), making it ideal for exploring the city’s historical landmarks and scenic surroundings. Visitors can take leisurely walks along the Seonamchon Stream, marvel at the grand scale of the Ch’ongjin Grand Theatre, or venture outside the city to embrace the tranquility of the countryside.

Autumn (September-October)

Autumn in Ch’ongjin is a season of vibrant foliage and crisp autumn air. The city transforms into a tapestry of colors, with leaves of trees turning brilliant shades of orange, red, and gold. The weather during this season is generally mild, with temperatures hovering around 10 to 20°C (50 to 68°F). Autumn is an excellent time to immerse yourself in the city’s cultural offerings, attending performances at the Ch’ongjin People’s Theatre or exploring the exhibits at the Ch’ongjin Historical Museum. For a memorable experience, venture to the nearby Songjin Beach, renowned for its stunning scenery and abundance of autumn colors.

Potential for Solar Energy

Ch’ongjin, a North Korean city experiencing an electricity crisis, possesses abundant solar energy potential. The city receives an average of 4.5-5.5 kWh/m2 of solar radiation daily, indicating a high solar insolation. Ch’ongjin’s relatively low latitude and cloud cover provide favorable conditions for solar energy generation. Moreover, the city has vast, undeveloped land areas suitable for solar farms.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite the potential, solar energy development in Ch’ongjin faces several challenges. The isolated nature of North Korea, coupled with limited foreign investment and access to advanced solar technologies, hinders progress. Furthermore, the North Korean government has historically prioritized traditional fossil fuels, resulting in minimal investment in renewable energy. However, with the increasing global push towards decarbonization and the need to address its electricity crisis, Ch’ongjin has the opportunity to tap into its solar energy potential. International collaborations and access to external funding could play a vital role in accelerating solar energy development in the city.

Mountains and Hills

Ch’ongjin is characterized by a rugged topography with numerous mountains and hills. The southwestern part of the city is dominated by the Ch’angbai Mountains, a range that forms the border between North Korea and China. Within the city limits, notable mountains include Munsu Mountain, which rises to 485 meters and offers panoramic views of the surrounding area. Other significant hills include Hwasang Hill, located in the city center, and Maebong Hill, which overlooks the port of Ch’ongjin. These hills and mountains not only shape the city’s landscape but also play a role in shaping its microclimate and providing recreational opportunities for its residents.

Coastal Features and Islands

Ch’ongjin is situated on the eastern coast of North Korea and features a long and rugged coastline with numerous bays, inlets, and islands. The city’s coastline is indented by several bays, including Songjin Bay, Tojin Bay, and Ch’ongjin Bay, which provide natural harbors for fishing and shipping activities. Scattered along the coast are also numerous islands, the largest of which is Ryongp’o Island. These islands contribute to the city’s scenic beauty and offer potential for tourism and recreational development. The coastal waters around Ch’ongjin are known for their rich marine life, supporting a thriving fishing industry.

Nearest Airport

The closest airport to Ch’ongjin, Korea, North is Ch’ongjin International Airport (CJJ), which is located approximately 14 kilometers (8.7 miles) northeast of the city center. CJJ is a small airport with limited domestic and international flight options. The majority of international flights from CJJ connect to Shenyang, China. Domestic flights connect to Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea.

Travel Options

To get to Ch’ongjin from CJJ, you can take a taxi or bus. The taxi fare is approximately 10,000 KRW (about $9 USD) and the bus fare is approximately 2,000 KRW (about $2 USD). The journey from the airport to the city center takes around 20-30 minutes by car or bus. You can also rent a car at the airport, but this is not a common option for tourists due to the limited availability of rental cars and the high cost of fuel in North Korea.

Geography and Demographics

Ch’ongjin is a major port city located in the northeastern region of North Korea, on the shores of the East Korean Bay. With a population of approximately 650,000, it is the third-largest city in the country after Pyongyang and Hamhung. The city is an important industrial and economic hub, with several major factories and refineries, including the Ch’ongjin Steel Mill and the Ch’ongjin Oil Refinery.

History and Culture

Ch’ongjin was founded in 1897 as a commercial port. It experienced rapid growth during the Japanese colonial period, becoming a major export center for coal and other minerals. After North Korea’s independence in 1948, Ch’ongjin continued to develop as a key industrial and transportation hub. The city is home to numerous historical and cultural sites, including the Ch’ongjin Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery, the Ch’ongjin People’s Stadium, and the Ch’ongjin Maritime Museum. It also boasts a vibrant arts and culture scene, with several theaters, museums, and galleries showcasing traditional and modern Korean art and music.