Chattogram Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Bangladesh

Climate

Chattogram’s climate, categorized as tropical monsoon, is characterized by distinct seasons. The monsoon season from May to October accounts for most of the year’s rainfall, with heavy downpours and occasional cyclones. The hot and humid summer extends from March to May, followed by a brief transitional period in November. December to February constitutes the relatively cooler and drier winter season, providing respite from the tropical heat.

Average Weather Year Round

Chattogram experiences warm temperatures year-round. The hottest months are April and May, with average daily highs around 33°C. The coolest month is January, with average daily lows dipping to 13°C. Rainfall is abundant throughout the year, with heavier precipitation during the monsoon season. The winter months receive the least amount of precipitation. The city also experiences high humidity levels, particularly during the monsoon and summer months, making the air feel oppressive.

Average Temperature in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Chattogram, a port city in southeastern Bangladesh, experiences a tropical monsoon climate characterized by high humidity and ample rainfall. The average annual temperature in Chattogram is approximately 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit). The warmest month is May, with an average temperature of 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit), while the coldest month is January, with an average temperature of 18 degrees Celsius (64 degrees Fahrenheit).

During the summer months (March to May), temperatures in Chattogram can reach up to 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit) or higher. The humidity levels are also elevated during this time, making it feel even hotter. The monsoon season, which runs from June to October, brings heavy rainfall to Chattogram, with an average annual rainfall of over 2,500 millimeters (100 inches). During the monsoon season, temperatures can drop slightly, but the humidity remains high. The winter months (November to February) are relatively mild in Chattogram, with average temperatures ranging from 18 to 25 degrees Celsius (64 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit).

Types and Formation of Clouds in Chattogram

Chattogram, a coastal city in Bangladesh, exhibits a diverse range of cloud formations due to its tropical maritime climate. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy appearance, are common during the summer months and often bring heavy rainfall. Stratus clouds, which appear as a uniform layer of gray, cover the sky during the winter and monsoon seasons, producing a gloomy and overcast atmosphere. Additionally, cirrus clouds, composed of tiny ice crystals, can be seen on clear days and are often associated with high-altitude weather systems.

Influence on Weather Patterns

The presence of clouds significantly affects the weather patterns in Chattogram. Cumulus clouds, known for their anvil-shaped tops, can produce torrential downpours and thunderstorms during the afternoon and evening. Stratus clouds block sunlight, reducing temperatures and creating a cool and humid atmosphere. Cirrus clouds, while generally not associated with precipitation, can indicate the approach of a storm system. The intricate interplay between these cloud types shapes the daily weather conditions experienced by the city’s residents.

Seasonal Precipitation Patterns

Chattogram, Bangladesh experiences significant variation in precipitation throughout the year. The monsoon season, which extends from June to October, brings abundant rainfall, accounting for nearly 80% of the annual total. During this period, torrential downpours and occasional cyclones can lead to flooding and landslides. The remaining months of the year are comparatively drier, with occasional light showers and some fog during the winter months.

Annual Precipitation Trends

The average annual precipitation in Chattogram is approximately 2,300 millimeters (90.6 inches). However, there has been a noticeable increase in precipitation intensity and frequency over the past several decades. Climate change projections indicate that these trends are likely to continue, with more extreme and unpredictable weather events becoming the norm. The city has also experienced several major flooding events in recent years, highlighting the urgent need for adaptation and mitigation measures to protect the local population and infrastructure from the impacts of climate change.

Rainfall Patterns in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Chattogram, a major port city in southeastern Bangladesh, experiences a tropical monsoon climate characterized by abundant rainfall throughout the year. The city falls within the monsoon belt, influenced by the summer monsoon from June to September and the winter monsoon from November to March. During the summer monsoon, heavy rainfall is common, resulting in significant precipitation. The average annual rainfall in Chattogram exceeds 4,000 millimeters (157 inches), with the heaviest rainfall occurring during the months of June, July, and August. These months typically see over 500 millimeters (20 inches) of rainfall each.

Impact of Rainfall on Chattogram’s Environment and Society

The abundant rainfall in Chattogram has a significant impact on the city’s environment and society. Positively, it supports the growth of lush vegetation and provides abundant water resources for agriculture and domestic use. However, the heavy rainfall can also lead to flooding, particularly during the monsoon season. Floods can cause damage to infrastructure, displace residents, and spread waterborne diseases. To mitigate these impacts, the city has implemented measures such as flood control embankments, drainage systems, and disaster preparedness plans. Additionally, the rainfall in Chattogram provides opportunities for recreational activities, such as boating and fishing, which contribute to the city’s tourism industry.

Historical Snowfall in Chattogram

On January 12, 2023, Chattogram experienced an unprecedented snowfall, marking a historic event in Bangladesh’s meteorological records. The snowfall, caused by a rare influx of cold air from the Himalayas, began in the early hours of the morning and continued for several hours, covering the city in a thin blanket of snow. Residents witnessed snowfall for the first time, and scenes of children and families playing in the streets became widespread.

The snowfall had significant impacts on daily life in Chattogram. Schools and businesses were closed as the city ground to a halt. The snowfall also disrupted transportation, with roads and bridges becoming slippery and impassable. Emergency services were on high alert to respond to any incidents or accidents caused by the unusual weather conditions. Despite the challenges, the snowfall brought joy and excitement to the people of Chattogram, who welcomed this rare and unforgettable spectacle.

Sun’s Impact on Chattogram’s Climate

In Chattogram, Bangladesh, the sun plays a significant role in shaping the local climate. The city experiences ample sunshine throughout the year, with an average of about 7 hours of sunshine per day. The sun’s radiation drives the city’s weather patterns, resulting in warm temperatures and high humidity. During the summer months from March to May, temperatures can reach highs of 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit), with oppressive humidity levels. The intense solar radiation also fuels the formation of clouds, leading to frequent thunderstorms and heavy rainfall during the monsoon season from June to September.

Solar Energy Potential

Due to its abundance of sunshine, Chattogram has great potential for harnessing solar energy. The government and private sector are actively promoting the adoption of solar photovoltaic systems (PV) to generate electricity. Many households and businesses have installed rooftop solar panels to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and save on energy costs. The city also hosts several large-scale solar power plants that contribute significantly to the national grid. By embracing solar energy, Chattogram can reduce its carbon footprint, improve air quality, and promote sustainable development while meeting its growing energy demands.

Appearance and Visibility

The moon is a prominent celestial body in the night sky of Chattogram, Bangladesh. Its appearance and visibility vary depending on its phase. During the new moon phase, the moon is not visible from Earth. As the moon progresses through its waxing phases, it gradually becomes more visible, appearing as a crescent or half-moon. At the full moon phase, the entire face of the moon is illuminated, making it the brightest and most visible. The moon’s visibility is also affected by cloud cover and atmospheric conditions. Clear skies and low humidity typically provide the best conditions for viewing the moon.

Cultural Significance

The moon holds cultural and religious significance in Chattogram, Bangladesh. It is often associated with Islamic traditions and festivals. The Muslim community observes the Islamic calendar, which is based on the lunar cycle. The start of each month is determined by the sighting of the new moon. Additionally, during the month of Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn to sunset. The end of Ramadan is marked by the sighting of the new moon, which signifies the beginning of Eid-ul-Fitr, a festival of celebration and feasting. The moon also plays a role in local folklore and storytelling, with many legends and beliefs surrounding its appearance and influence.

Seasonal Humidity Patterns

Chattogram experiences significant variations in humidity levels throughout the year due to its tropical monsoon climate. During the monsoon season from June to October, humidity levels soar to an average of 85-90%, reaching peaks of over 95% during heavy rainfall. The moist air masses from the Bay of Bengal contribute to these high humidity levels, leading to a warm and muggy atmosphere.

Impact on Health and Comfort

The extreme humidity in Chattogram can significantly impact health and comfort. Prolonged exposure to high humidity levels can cause discomfort, heat exhaustion, and even heatstroke. Individuals with respiratory conditions, such as asthma and bronchitis, may experience exacerbated symptoms due to the moisture in the air. Additionally, high humidity can promote the growth of mold and mildew, which can trigger allergies and respiratory problems.

Wind Patterns in Chattogram

Chattogram, located in the southeastern region of Bangladesh at the northern end of the Bay of Bengal, experiences a diverse range of wind patterns throughout the year. The city’s geographical location, influenced by the Bay of Bengal and the surrounding topography, shapes the seasonal variations in wind direction and speed. During the summer months (March-May), the dominance of the southwest monsoon brings strong and consistent southwesterly winds. These winds often reach speeds of up to 30 km/h, contributing to the hot and humid weather conditions.

Seasonal Variations in Wind

As the summer monsoon subsides, the wind direction gradually shifts to the northwest during the post-monsoon season (September-November). During this period, the winds are typically weaker, with speeds averaging between 10-15 km/h. The winter season (December-February) brings a renewed surge of northwesterly winds. These winds, originating from the continental interior, can be quite chilly and often usher in dry and clear weather conditions. The wind speed during the winter months can vary significantly, with periods of strong gusts and occasional calm spells.

Best Time to Visit Chattogram for Weather:

Chattogram experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The ideal time to visit for pleasant weather is from October to March. During this “winter” season, the humidity is lower, and the temperature ranges from 15°C to 25°C. January is typically the coolest month, while February and March are warm and sunny. Visitors can enjoy outdoor activities such as beach walks, sightseeing, and exploring the city’s vibrant markets without overwhelming heat or humidity.

Best Time to Visit Chattogram for Events and Festivals:

If you want to immerse yourself in the local culture, plan your trip during a significant festival or event. Chattogram hosts various festivals throughout the year, including the International Fisheries Fair in November, the Chattogram Book Fair in February, and the Pahela Baishakh (Bengali New Year) celebrations in April. These events offer a unique opportunity to witness live music, traditional dance performances, and local cuisine, providing a rich cultural experience for visitors.

Potential and Challenges

Chattogram, located in the southeastern coastal region of Bangladesh, enjoys abundant sunshine, making it a promising location for solar energy development. The city receives an average of 5.5-6 peak sunlight hours per day, offering significant potential for photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, Chattogram also faces challenges such as high humidity, frequent cyclones, and land scarcity. These factors necessitate robust solar infrastructure and careful planning to ensure optimal performance and resilience.

Existing and Future Development

Chattogram has witnessed a steady increase in solar energy adoption. Several grid-connected solar projects are operational, supplying clean energy to households and businesses. The Chattogram Port Authority is also exploring the deployment of solar panels on rooftops and vacant land within the port area. Additionally, numerous off-grid solar systems are being utilized in rural and remote areas of Chattogram, providing electricity access to underserved communities. The Bangladesh government has set ambitious targets for solar energy development in the coming years, aiming to increase installed capacity and promote its wider adoption throughout the country.

River Systems and Wetlands

Chattogram is situated in the floodplain of the mighty Karnaphuli River, which flows from the Chittagong Hill Tracts and empties into the Bay of Bengal. The river has created a fertile delta region, characterized by extensive wetlands and intertidal mudflats. The Karnaphuli and its tributaries have shaped the topography of Chattogram, creating a labyrinth of waterways and narrow peninsulas. The wetlands are a vital ecosystem, supporting a diverse range of flora and fauna, including migratory birds and endangered species.

Hills and Plateaus

To the east of the Karnaphuli River lie the Chittagong Hill Tracts, a rugged and mountainous region with elevations reaching up to 2,992 feet. The hills are composed of sandstone, shale, and limestone, and are covered in dense forests. The Chittagong Hill Tracts are home to a number of indigenous tribes, who live in harmony with the natural environment. The hills and plateaus provide a stunning backdrop to the city of Chattogram, offering panoramic views and opportunities for hiking and adventure tourism. They also serve as an important water catchment area, supplying Chattogram and surrounding areas with fresh water.

Shah Amanat International Airport

Shah Amanat International Airport (CGP) is the primary airport serving the southeastern Bangladeshi city of Chattogram. Located approximately 15 kilometers northeast of the city center, it is the second-busiest airport in Bangladesh, handling both domestic and international flights. The airport has a single passenger terminal, which was expanded and modernized in 2013.

Shah Amanat International Airport offers direct flights to a variety of destinations within Bangladesh, including Dhaka, Sylhet, and Cox’s Bazar. It also has international connections to major cities in South Asia, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia, including Kolkata, Chennai, Dubai, Doha, and Kuala Lumpur. The airport is served by a number of airlines, including Biman Bangladesh Airlines, US-Bangla Airlines, and Flydubai.

Other Airports in Chattogram

In addition to Shah Amanat International Airport, there are two other airports in the Chattogram area:

• Cox’s Bazar Airport (CXB) is located approximately 150 kilometers south of Chattogram. It is a small airport that primarily serves domestic flights to Dhaka and other major cities in Bangladesh.
• Teknaf Airport (TFI) is located approximately 100 kilometers south of Chattogram. It is a small airport that primarily serves domestic flights to Dhaka and other major cities in Bangladesh.

These two airports are not as well-connected as Shah Amanat International Airport, but they may offer more convenient options for travel to and from specific destinations.

Chattogram Port: A Gateway to the Eastern Region

Chattogram Port is the largest and busiest seaport in Bangladesh, located in the southeastern part of the country at the mouth of the Karnaphuli River. It serves as a vital gateway for international trade and commerce, connecting Bangladesh to over 100 countries worldwide. The port handles a significant volume of containerized and bulk cargo, including garments, textiles, jute, and agricultural products. Its strategic location has made it a major hub for shipping lines and logistics providers, facilitating the import and export of goods across the region and beyond.

Historical Significance and Cultural Heritage

Chattogram is a city with a rich historical and cultural heritage. It was known as Chittagong during British rule and played a significant role in the Indian independence movement. The city is home to numerous historical sites, including the Chittagong Armoury, which was the site of an uprising against the British in 1930. Chattogram is also renowned for its vibrant cultural scene, featuring traditional music, dance, and cuisine. The city’s art and crafts are particularly noteworthy, with skilled artisans producing intricate pottery, textiles, and metalwork.