Chakdaha Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – India
Summer (March-May)
Chakdaha experiences scorching summers with average temperatures ranging from 25°C (77°F) to 38°C (100°F). Humidity levels are high, contributing to an oppressive feeling. The summer months witness sporadic rainfall, which provides some respite from the heat. However, the lack of wind makes the air feel stagnant and uncomfortable.
Monsoon (June-September)
With the onset of the monsoon in June, Chakdaha receives a significant amount of rainfall. The average rainfall during this period exceeds 1,000 mm (40 inches). The heavy showers bring relief from the summer heat but also result in waterlogging and occasional flooding. Temperatures remain relatively stable, hovering around 28°C (82°F) to 33°C (91°F). Humidity levels continue to be high, making the weather sultry and uncomfortable.
Average Temperature in Chakdaha, India
Chakdaha, India experiences a humid subtropical climate, characterized by hot summers and mild winters. The average annual temperature is 26.7°C (80°F). The annual temperature range is moderate, with an average low of 13.3°C (56°F) during the coldest months and an average high of 38.3°C (101°F) during the hottest months.
The summer months from March to June are the warmest, with average temperatures ranging from 26.7°C (80°F) to 38.3°C (101°F). The monsoon season arrives in July and lasts until September, bringing heavy rainfall and slightly cooler temperatures. The average temperature during the monsoon season is around 28.9°C (84°F). The winter months from November to February are mild, with average temperatures ranging from 13.3°C (56°F) to 24.4°C (76°F).
Types of Clouds in Chakdaha, India
Chakdaha, India is located in a subtropical climate zone and experiences a variety of cloud formations throughout the year. During the monsoon season, heavy rainfall often accompanies dark, thick nimbostratus clouds that blanket the sky. These clouds are associated with large-scale weather systems and can persist for several days. In the summer months, cumulonimbus clouds often develop, characterized by their towering anvil-shaped tops and the potential for thunderstorms. These clouds can produce heavy downpours, lightning, and hail. In the winter, cirrus clouds are common, consisting of thin, wispy ice crystals that appear high in the atmosphere. These clouds are often associated with clear, cold weather.
Cloud Cover and Weather Patterns
The cloud cover in Chakdaha exhibits distinct seasonal variations. During the monsoon season from June to September, cloud cover is typically at its highest, with overcast skies and frequent rainfall. In the winter months from December to February, cloud cover is generally lower, with clear or partly cloudy conditions prevailing. The amount of cloud cover can significantly impact temperatures, with overcast skies leading to cooler temperatures and increased humidity. Cloud cover also plays a crucial role in regulating rainfall patterns, as clouds act as conduits for moisture and can lead to precipitation when conditions are favorable.
Annual Precipitation
Chakdaha experiences an average annual precipitation of approximately 1,600 millimeters (63 inches). The majority of this precipitation occurs during the monsoon season, which lasts from June to September. During this period, heavy rains and thunderstorms are common, often leading to flooding. The driest months in Chakdaha are December and January, when precipitation is minimal.
Seasonal Distribution
The distribution of precipitation in Chakdaha is highly seasonal, with the wettest months being June, July, and August. These months account for over 60% of the annual precipitation. The driest months are December and January, with less than 5% of the annual precipitation. This seasonal variability is driven by the monsoon system, which brings moisture-laden winds from the Bay of Bengal. During the monsoon season, the winds blow onshore and bring heavy rainfall to the region.
Rainfall Patterns and Distribution
Chakdaha experiences a tropical monsoon climate characterized by heavy rainfall during the monsoon season, which spans from June to September. The town receives an average annual rainfall of around 1,600 mm (63 inches). During the monsoon, rainfall is intense and often accompanied by thunderstorms and lightning. The highest rainfall occurs in July, with an average of over 300 mm (12 inches) of precipitation. The winter months (November to February) are relatively dry, with only occasional light showers.
Seasonal Variations and Impact
The monsoon season brings abundant rainfall, which is crucial for agriculture in Chakdaha. However, excessive rainfall can also lead to flooding and waterlogging, particularly in low-lying areas. During the heavy monsoon rains, the soil may become saturated and unable to absorb any more water, resulting in flooding. This can damage crops, disrupt transportation, and affect livelihoods. In addition, torrential rains can cause landslides and erosion, particularly in hilly areas. The dry winter months provide a break from the intense rainfall, allowing for the harvest of crops and other agricultural activities.
Unprecedented Snowfall Blanket Chakdaha
The usually warm and humid town of Chakdaha in West Bengal, India, witnessed an extraordinary event on January 14, 2023, as snowfall blanketed the region. This was a rare occurrence, with no record of significant snowfall in the town’s history. The snowfall, which lasted for several hours, transformed the landscape and brought joy and excitement to the local residents.
Impacts and Aftermath
The snowfall brought with it a range of challenges and opportunities. Roads were blocked, and electricity and telecommunications were disrupted, causing inconvenience to residents. However, the snowfall also presented an opportunity for tourism, with people flocking from neighboring areas to witness the snow-covered town. The local government responded promptly, clearing roads and restoring essential services. The snowfall melted quickly due to rising temperatures, leaving behind a layer of snow that gradually disappeared over the following days.
Sun’s Daily Path in Chakdaha, India
The trajectory of the sun’s daily path in Chakdaha, India, varies throughout the year due to the Earth’s axial tilt and orbital motion around the sun. During the summer months (June through August), the sun rises around 5:00 am and sets around 7:00 pm, culminating at its highest point around noon. The days are long, with approximately 14 hours of daylight.
Variations in Sunset and Sunrise Times
In contrast, during the winter months (December through February), the days are shorter and the sun rises later and sets earlier. The sun rises around 7:00 am and sets around 5:00 pm, reaching its peak at around 1:00 pm. The angle of the sun’s rays is also lower during these months, resulting in less direct sunlight. The duration of daylight during winter is approximately 10 hours.
Moon’s Appearance in Chakdaha, India
The Moon’s appearance in Chakdaha, India, typically follows the lunar cycle. During the new moon phase, when the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun, it is not visible in the sky. As the cycle progresses, the Moon becomes increasingly illuminated, appearing as a thin crescent, then a quarter moon, and eventually a full moon. The full moon phase marks the point when the entire illuminated side of the Moon faces the Earth, making it the most prominent and brightest in the night sky.
Moon’s Impact on Chakdaha
The Moon’s presence has a variety of influences on Chakdaha. Tides, which are caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, affect the Bhagirathi River that flows through the region. The changing lunar phases also influence agricultural practices, as farmers traditionally plant and harvest crops according to the lunar calendar. Additionally, the Moon’s light provides natural illumination during the night, reducing the need for artificial lighting and contributing to Chakdaha’s rustic charm. During festivals like Janmashtami, which celebrates the birth of Lord Krishna, the Moon is particularly revered and has become an integral part of the town’s cultural and religious traditions.
Humidity Levels in Chakdaha, India
Chakdaha, a bustling town situated in the heart of West Bengal, India, experiences high levels of humidity throughout the year. The town’s proximity to the Bay of Bengal contributes to this humid climate, characterized by a moist and sticky atmosphere. During the summer months, April to June, the average relative humidity ranges from 70% to 90%, making it uncomfortable for outdoor activities.
Humidity levels tend to be slightly lower during the winter months, December to February, when the relative humidity averages around 60% to 70%. However, even during these months, the air remains relatively moist, making it essential for residents to stay hydrated and take precautions to avoid heat-related illnesses.
Wind Patterns and Seasonality
Chakdaha, located in the eastern Indian state of West Bengal, experiences a tropical monsoon climate characterized by its distinct wind patterns throughout the year. During the winter months (October to March), the region is dominated by dry, northeasterly winds known as the “trade winds.” These winds originate from the high-pressure zones over the Asian continent and bring clear skies and low humidity to Chakdaha. In contrast, during the summer months (April to September), the prevailing wind direction shifts to the southwest, bringing moisture-laden winds from the Bay of Bengal. These winds result in increased rainfall and humidity, leading to the formation of the “monsoon” season.
Wind Speed and Impacts
The average wind speed in Chakdaha varies depending on the season. During the winter months, wind speeds are typically moderate, ranging from 5 to 10 kilometers per hour (3 to 6 miles per hour). However, during the summer months, wind speeds can occasionally reach higher velocities, particularly during thunderstorms and cyclones. These strong winds can cause damage to infrastructure, uproot trees, and create hazardous conditions for outdoor activities. Additionally, the winds contribute to the spread of pollutants and dust, affecting air quality and potentially impacting human health. Understanding and monitoring wind patterns are crucial for weather forecasting, disaster preparedness, and mitigating environmental risks in Chakdaha.
Summer (March – May)
During the summer months, Chakdaha experiences scorching heat, with temperatures rising to around 40 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere remains dry and humid, making it uncomfortable to explore the town during the day. However, evenings provide some relief from the heat and are ideal for outdoor activities. The average humidity during summer is between 40-60%, which can make the heat feel even more intense. Travelers should plan their itinerary accordingly and avoid strenuous activities during the hottest hours of the day.
Monsoon (June – September)
Chakdaha receives moderate rainfall during the monsoon season, with the heaviest rainfall occurring in July and August. The average rainfall during this season is around 1200 mm. The town experiences pleasant temperatures, ranging from 25 to 35 degrees Celsius. While the rainfall can provide a respite from the summer heat, it can also lead to waterlogging and traffic disruptions. Visitors should carry umbrellas, raincoats, and appropriate footwear during this time. The humidity also rises during the monsoon, reaching up to 80%, creating a sticky and muggy atmosphere.
Solar Potential in Chakdaha
Chakdaha, a town in Nadia district, West Bengal, India, enjoys ample solar radiation throughout the year, making it suitable for harnessing solar energy. The average annual solar irradiance in Chakdaha ranges from 5.5 to 6.5 kWh/m2 per day, indicating a high potential for solar power generation. This abundant sunshine can be effectively utilized to supplement the region’s energy needs and contribute to sustainable development.
Solar Projects and Initiatives
Chakdaha has witnessed several solar projects and initiatives aimed at promoting solar energy adoption. The West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency (WBREDA) has implemented various rooftop and ground-mounted solar projects in the town. Additionally, the local administration and private companies have collaborated to install solar panels on public buildings, schools, and residential rooftops. The installation of these solar systems has not only reduced electricity consumption but also raised awareness about the benefits of renewable energy among the local community. With continued support from policymakers and stakeholders, Chakdaha has the potential to become a hub for solar energy utilization, leading to reduced carbon emissions and enhanced energy security in the region.
General Topography
Chakdaha, a city in West Bengal, India, boasts a relatively flat terrain. The city is situated on the banks of the Hooghly River, and its topography is largely influenced by the river’s presence. The land surrounding the city is predominantly agricultural, with a mix of paddy fields, small hills, and wetlands. The soil in the region is fertile and supports a diverse range of crops, including rice, wheat, and vegetables. The city itself is characterized by a grid-like layout with wide roads and canals that facilitate efficient drainage and transportation.
Geological Features
Chakdaha is located within the Gangetic Delta, which is a vast alluvial plain formed by the deposition of sediments over millions of years. The region is underlain by thick layers of clay, sand, and silt, which have been deposited by the Ganges and Hooghly rivers. The area is also prone to occasional earthquakes due to its proximity to the Himalayas. The presence of the river has also shaped the city’s geological features, such as the formation of levees and oxbow lakes. Levees, which are natural embankments formed by the deposition of sediments, protect the city from flooding during high water levels. Oxbow lakes, which are former river channels that have been cut off from the main river, are found in abundance in the area surrounding Chakdaha.
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport
The nearest airport to Chakdaha, India is Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport (CCU), located approximately 45 kilometers (28 miles) south of the city. The airport is named after Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, an Indian independence activist. It is the sixth busiest airport in India by passenger traffic, handling over 20 million passengers annually. CCU has three terminals and serves as a major hub for Air India, IndiGo, and SpiceJet. The airport is well-connected to major cities in India and abroad, with flights to destinations such as Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, London, Dubai, and Bangkok.
Other Nearby Airports
In addition to CCU, there are several other airports within a reasonable distance of Chakdaha. These include:
- Kolkata Airport (CCU): Located approximately 50 kilometers (31 miles) south of Chakdaha, Kolkata Airport is the primary airport serving the city of Kolkata. It is the fourth busiest airport in India by passenger traffic, handling over 25 million passengers annually.
- Durgapur Airport (RDP): Located approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles) northwest of Chakdaha, Durgapur Airport is a domestic airport serving the city of Durgapur. It is connected to Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata.
- Andal Airport (ADD): Located approximately 120 kilometers (75 miles) northwest of Chakdaha, Andal Airport is a domestic airport serving the city of Durgapur. It is connected to Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata.
History of Chakdaha, India
Chakdaha, a historical town situated in the Nadia district of West Bengal, India, has a rich and intriguing past that dates back to the 17th century. During the rule of the Nawab of Bengal, Chakdaha gained prominence as a flourishing trading center and a hub for silk production. In the 18th century, it became a significant center for the East India Company, establishing its factory and administrative headquarters. This led to a period of economic growth and cultural development, as Chakdaha attracted merchants, traders, and intellectuals from various parts of India and beyond.
Significance of Chakdaha, India
Chakdaha holds historical and cultural significance in India. It was a prominent center for the Swadeshi movement during the Indian independence struggle, and was home to several notable freedom fighters, including Bipin Chandra Pal and Surendranath Tagore. The town is renowned for its traditional Bengali sweets, particularly its renowned “langcha” and “mihidana,” which attract visitors from around the region. Chakdaha is also a prominent rail junction, connecting it to major cities in West Bengal and other parts of India. The town is a blend of ancient and modern, with historical landmarks, temples, and educational institutions alongside contemporary shops, markets, and modern amenities.