Catalao Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Brazil

Rainfall and Humidity

Catalao, Brazil experiences a humid subtropical climate characterized by consistent rainfall throughout the year. The summer months (December to March) bring heavy downpours, with an average monthly precipitation exceeding 150 mm. January is typically the wettest month, with an average rainfall of 248 mm. During the winter (June to September), rainfall decreases significantly, but humidity levels remain high. The average annual rainfall in Catalao is approximately 1,500 mm, while the relative humidity averages around 70%.

Temperature and Sunshine

Temperatures in Catalao exhibit a moderate annual variation. The warmest months are January and February, when average high temperatures reach 29°C and average low temperatures hover around 18°C. The coldest months are June and July, with average high temperatures dropping to 23°C and average low temperatures around 10°C. However, even during the winter months, temperatures rarely fall below 5°C. Catalao enjoys ample sunshine throughout the year, with an average of 2,800 sunshine hours annually. The sunniest months are October and November, while the cloudiest month is January.

Monthly Average Temperatures

Catalao, located in central Brazil, experiences distinct seasons characterized by variations in temperature. During the hottest months from October to April, the average high temperatures range from 28°C to 32°C (82°F to 90°F). The warmest month is typically January, with an average high of 32°C (90°F) and an average low of 20°C (68°F).

From May to September, the city experiences cooler temperatures as it enters the winter season. The average high temperatures during these months range from 22°C to 26°C (72°F to 79°F). The coldest month is typically July, with an average low of 12°C (54°F) and an average high of 22°C (72°F). Catalao’s temperatures are influenced by its altitude of 850 meters (2,789 feet) and its proximity to the Amazon basin, which brings in moisture and precipitation.

Cloud Cover and Types

Catalao, Brazil experiences a variety of cloud cover patterns throughout the year. During the dry season (April to September), the skies are often clear or partly cloudy. During the wet season (October to March), cloud cover is more frequent and can range from scattered to overcast. The most common cloud types observed in Catalao include cumulus, stratus, and cirrus clouds. Cumulus clouds are characterized by their puffy appearance and can indicate fair weather or the approach of a thunderstorm. Stratus clouds are flat, gray clouds that often cover the entire sky and can produce drizzle or light rain. Cirrus clouds are thin, wispy clouds that are composed of ice crystals and are typically associated with fair weather.

Cloud Formation and Precipitation

Clouds form in Catalao when warm, moist air rises and cools. As the air rises, it expands and cools, causing water vapor to condense into tiny water droplets or ice crystals. These droplets or crystals then collide with each other and grow in size, eventually becoming visible as clouds. Precipitation occurs when the water droplets or ice crystals in clouds become too heavy and fall to the ground. The type of precipitation that occurs depends on the temperature of the air and the surface it falls on. In Catalao, rain is the most common form of precipitation, but snow and hail can also occur during the winter months.

Seasonal Patterns

Catalao, Brazil experiences significant seasonal variations in precipitation. The wet season typically spans from October to April, with heavy rainfall occurring during this period. The months of November to March are particularly wet, each receiving an average of over 200 mm of rainfall. During these months, it is not uncommon for torrential downpours and thunderstorms to occur.

In contrast, the dry season in Catalao lasts from May to September. During this time, precipitation is significantly reduced, with monthly averages falling below 50 mm. The driest months are typically June and July, when rainfall can be quite scarce.

Annual Variability

The annual precipitation in Catalao is subject to considerable variability. Some years experience significantly higher rainfall than others. For instance, in 2016, Catalao received over 1,600 mm of precipitation, while in 2019, it received only around 1,300 mm. This variability is influenced by a combination of factors, including changes in weather patterns and the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

During El Niño years, precipitation in Catalao tends to be lower than average, while during La Niña years, precipitation is often higher. This variability has implications for water resources management and agricultural practices in the region.

Seasonal Rainfall Patterns

Catalao, Brazil experiences distinct seasonal rainfall patterns throughout the year. The wet season typically spans from October to March, with heavy rainfall peaking in January. During this period, the city receives an average of over 200 mm of rainfall per month. The dry season, on the other hand, lasts from April to September, with significantly less rainfall. The monthly rainfall during this time averages below 50 mm, resulting in noticeably drier conditions.

Annual Rainfall Distribution

Catalao’s annual rainfall distribution is heavily influenced by its location within the tropics and proximity to the Amazon rainforest. The city receives an average yearly rainfall of approximately 1,600 mm, which is relatively high compared to many other regions in Brazil. The rainfall is generally well-distributed throughout the year, with both the wet and dry seasons contributing significantly to the annual total. This consistent rainfall pattern supports the city’s vegetation and agricultural activities.

History of Snowfall in Catalao, Brazil

Snowfall in Catalao, Brazil, is an extremely rare occurrence. The city is located in southeastern Brazil, at an elevation of approximately 820 meters (2,700 feet) above sea level. Due to its subtropical climate, characterized by hot, humid summers and mild winters, the city typically experiences only frost and occasional hail during winter.

However, there have been a few notable instances of snowfall in Catalao. The first recorded snowfall occurred on July 25, 1918, when the city was blanketed in a thick layer of snow that lasted for several hours. Another snowfall occurred on June 28, 1942, again covering the city in a layer of snow. Both of these events caused widespread excitement and amazement among the local population, as they had never experienced such a phenomenon before.

Causes of Snowfall in Catalao, Brazil

The occurrence of snowfall in Catalao, Brazil, can be attributed to a combination of unusual meteorological conditions. During the winter months, the city occasionally experiences cold fronts from the south, bringing with them cold, dry air. When these cold fronts encounter moisture from the Atlantic Ocean, they can produce snow if the temperatures are sufficiently low.

Additionally, the terrain surrounding Catalao can contribute to snowfall. The city is located in a valley, and the surrounding hills can trap cold air, causing temperatures to drop even further. In rare instances, when the conditions are just right, these factors combine to create snowfall in Catalao, Brazil.

Current Weather Conditions

Presently, the sun is shining brightly in Catalão, Brazil. The temperature is a pleasant 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit), and the humidity is a comfortable 55%. There is a light breeze blowing from the northeast at 10 kilometers per hour (6 miles per hour). The sky is mostly clear, with only a few scattered clouds in the distance. Visibility is excellent, and there are no current weather advisories or warnings in effect.

Sun Protection

With the sun shining so brightly, it is important to take precautions to protect yourself from its harmful rays. Sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher is recommended, and it should be applied liberally to all exposed skin. Reapply sunscreen every two hours, or more often if you are swimming or sweating heavily. It is also important to wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from the sun’s UV rays. If you are planning on spending extended periods of time outdoors, consider wearing a hat and long sleeves to provide further protection. By taking these precautions, you can enjoy the beautiful sunshine in Catalão, Brazil, while staying safe from the sun’s harmful effects.

Moon Phase and Visibility

The Moon’s phase and visibility in Catalao, Brazil, depend on its position relative to the Earth and the Sun. Throughout the month, the Moon progresses through different phases, from the New Moon when it’s not visible to the Full Moon when it’s illuminated entirely. The Waxing Moon and Waning Moon represent periods of increasing and decreasing visibility, respectively. The specific times and dates of Moon phases vary each month.

To determine the precise Moon phase and visibility for Catalao, Brazil, it’s recommended to consult reputable sources such as astronomical calendars or online resources like Time and Date. These sources provide detailed information about the Moon’s phase, rise time, set time, and altitude, allowing you to plan your observation or photography sessions accordingly.

Monthly Humidity Patterns

Humidity levels in Catalao, Brazil, exhibit distinct monthly variations throughout the year. During the wet season, which spans from November to April, humidity remains consistently high, averaging around 80%. January and February are particularly humid months, with relative humidity levels often exceeding 90%. The high humidity during this period is primarily attributed to frequent rainfall and reduced evaporation rates.

Seasonal Variability

However, during the dry season from May to October, humidity levels experience a significant decline. June, July, and August are typically the driest months, with relative humidity dropping below 60%. The reduced humidity during these months is due to lower precipitation levels and increased evaporation rates. As a result, the air becomes drier and more comfortable.

Wind Patterns

Catalao, Brazil, experiences fluctuating wind patterns throughout the year. During the summer months (December to February), southeasterly trade winds dominate, bringing warm and humid air from the Atlantic Ocean. These winds typically blow at moderate speeds, providing some relief from the scorching heat.

In contrast, the winter months (June to August) are characterized by weaker and more variable winds. During this season, high-pressure systems often stall over the region, leading to periods of calm wind and stagnant air. However, occasional cold fronts can move through the area, bringing with them strong and gusty winds from the south or southwest.

Wind Speed and Direction

The average wind speed in Catalao varies depending on the season. On average, the strongest winds occur during the summer months with speeds ranging from 10-15 kilometers per hour (6-9 miles per hour). During the winter months, wind speeds typically decrease to 5-10 kilometers per hour (3-6 miles per hour).

Regarding wind direction, the most common wind direction year-round is from the southeast. However, during the spring and fall months, winds can become more variable and may shift to the northeast or northwest at times.

Best Time to Visit for Weather:

The ideal time to visit Catalão, Brazil, for favorable weather conditions is during the dry season, which typically runs from May to September. During this period, the city experiences minimal rainfall, with average temperatures ranging from 20 to 28 degrees Celsius (68 to 82 degrees Fahrenheit). The dry season provides clear skies and warm temperatures, making it perfect for outdoor activities, sightseeing, and enjoying the local beaches.

Best Time to Visit for Festivals and Events:

For those interested in experiencing Catalão’s vibrant culture, the best time to visit is during the city’s annual festivals and events. One of the most popular is the Festa da Padroeira, a religious festival held in July honoring the city’s patron saint, Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio. The festival features processions, musical performances, and traditional dances. Another popular event is the Festival Gastronômico de Catalão (Catalão Gastronomic Festival), which takes place in October and showcases the region’s delectable cuisine and local delicacies.

Potential and Development

Catalão, Brazil, boasts immense potential for solar energy harnessing due to its geographic location within the “Solar Belt” and abundant sunshine. The city has taken significant steps towards exploiting this renewable resource, becoming a hub for solar photovoltaic (PV) projects. In 2020, Catalao inaugurated one of Brazil’s largest PV plants, with a capacity of 100 megawatts (MW). Additionally, several smaller-scale projects have been implemented, contributing to the city’s growing solar energy portfolio.

Environmental and Economic Benefits

The adoption of solar energy in Catalao has numerous environmental and economic benefits. Solar PV systems reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, contributing to cleaner air and a healthier environment. Moreover, solar energy helps mitigate dependence on fossil fuels, enhancing energy security and reducing import costs. The development of solar projects has also created employment opportunities in Catalao, particularly in construction and maintenance, fostering economic growth. Additionally, the reduced electricity costs associated with solar energy can stimulate business and industrial development, further contributing to the city’s economic well-being.

General Topography

Catalao’s topography is characterized by a relatively flat terrain, with gentle hills and slopes. The municipality lies at an average elevation of 850 meters above sea level, and its highest point reaches approximately 1,000 meters. The flatlands and gentle hills are mainly used for agricultural purposes, predominantly cattle ranching and soybean cultivation. The area is drained by the Paranaíba River, which forms the southern boundary of the municipality, and its tributaries, including the Rio das Antas and the Rio do Peixe.

Unique Geological Features

Catalao boasts several unique geological formations and landmarks that add to its scenic beauty. One notable feature is the “Pedra do Cachorro,” a rock formation that resembles a dog’s head. Located in the municipality’s urban area, this iconic landmark has become a popular tourist attraction. Another geological marvel is the “Gruta do Catalao,” a cave system located in the Serra do Ouro Grosso. The cave is known for its underground waterfalls, delicate stalactites, and stalagmites, offering a fascinating glimpse into Catalao’s geological history.

Caldas Novas Airport (CLV)

Calas Novas Airport (IATA: CLV), also known as Aeroporto de Caldas Novas, is the nearest airport to Catalao, Brazil. It is located approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) southwest of Catalao and serves the cities of Caldas Novas, Rio Quente, and the surrounding region. CLV airport has a single runway and limited flight operations, primarily connecting to major hubs like Brasilia and Sao Paulo. Passengers can connect to domestic flights and onward connections from these hubs.

Santa Genoveva Airport (GYN)

Santa Genoveva Airport (IATA: GYN) is an international airport located approximately 55 kilometers (34 miles) from Catalao. It is the main airport serving the city of Goiania, the capital of Goias state. GYN airport offers a wider range of flight options, including domestic and international connections, compared to CLV airport. Passengers traveling from Catalao can access a variety of destinations with direct and connecting flights through GYN airport. The airport is well-connected to major cities in Brazil and offers flights to select international destinations, providing greater flexibility and travel options for passengers from the Catalao area.

History and Settlement

Catalao, a municipality in the Brazilian state of Goias, has a rich historical tapestry dating back to the 18th century. Its origins lie in the establishment of a cattle and gold mining settlement in 1793 by pioneers from Sao Paulo. The settlement, known as Arraial de Nossa Senhora do Divino Pai Eterno, gradually evolved into a prosperous town. In 1859, it was elevated to municipality status and renamed Catalao in honor of Senator Jose da Silva Catalao.

Economy and Culture

Catalao’s economy is primarily driven by agriculture, particularly sugarcane cultivation and processing. It is also an important center for cattle ranching and dairy production. The city boasts a strong industrial sector, with notable industries including textiles, metallurgy, and plastics. Catalao’s cultural heritage is showcased in its vibrant music, dance, and religious traditions. The city is renowned for its devotion to the Divino Pai Eterno, a popular religious figure whose sanctuary attracts pilgrims from across Brazil. Catalao’s diverse cultural fabric is reflected in its architecture, cuisine, and festivals, which celebrate its rich history and traditions.