Cartagena Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Colombia

Climate

Cartagena enjoys a tropical rainforest climate, characterized by consistently warm temperatures year-round. The average temperature ranges from 28°C (82°F) in the coolest months to 32°C (90°F) in the warmest. Humidity remains high throughout the year, averaging around 75%.

Rainfall

Cartagena experiences two distinct rainy seasons: a dry season from December to March and a rainy season from April to November. During the rainy season, heavy showers and thunderstorms are common, especially in the afternoon. However, the city receives rainfall year-round, with an average annual precipitation of around 1,000 mm (39 inches). The wettest months are May, September, and October, while the driest month is February.

Average Temperatures in Cartagena, Colombia

Cartagena, Colombia, boasts a tropical climate with consistently warm temperatures year-round. The average daily temperature ranges from 28 to 32 degrees Celsius (82 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit), with little variation throughout the year. The warmest months, March through May, average around 32 degrees Celsius (90 degrees Fahrenheit), while the coolest months, December through February, average around 28 degrees Celsius (82 degrees Fahrenheit).

The humidity in Cartagena is typically high, ranging from 70% to 90%, which can make the heat feel more intense, especially during the hottest months. The city experiences two distinct seasons: the dry season, which lasts from December to April, and the rainy season, which runs from May to November. During the dry season, the temperatures are more moderate, with less humidity, while the rainy season brings higher temperatures and more precipitation.

Cloud Formations and Precipitation

Cartagena, Colombia experiences a range of cloud formations due to its tropical location and proximity to the Caribbean Sea. During the dry season (December-April), cumulus clouds prevail, often forming towering columns that reach great heights. These clouds generally bring sporadic showers, but they dissipate quickly. In contrast, the wet season (May-November) is characterized by the formation of cumulonimbus clouds. These massive, anvil-shaped clouds produce heavy rainfall, often accompanied by lightning and thunder.

Cloud Patterns and Impact on Climate

The cloud patterns in Cartagena also influence the city’s climate. During the dry season, the presence of cumulus clouds can help to moderate temperatures, as they reflect sunlight and create shade. However, during the wet season, the thick cumulonimbus clouds block sunlight, leading to cooler temperatures. Additionally, the heavy rainfall associated with these clouds can result in flooding and other adverse weather conditions, highlighting the impact of cloud formations on the city’s environment.

Annual Precipitation

Cartagena, Colombia experiences a tropical wet and dry climate, characterized by a distinct rainy season from April to November and a relatively dry season from December to March. The city receives an annual average of 845 millimeters (33.3 inches) of rainfall, distributed unevenly throughout the year. The wettest months are September and October, with an average precipitation of over 200 millimeters (8 inches) each. Conversely, the driest months are January and February, with an average rainfall of less than 20 millimeters (0.8 inches) each.

Rainfall Variability

The intensity and duration of rainfall in Cartagena can vary significantly. Heavy downpours are common during the rainy season, often accompanied by thunderstorms and strong winds. Hurricanes and tropical storms occasionally affect the city, bringing torrential rains and potential flooding. Prolonged droughts can also occur, especially during the dry season, leading to water shortages and agricultural losses. Climate change is anticipated to exacerbate these rainfall extremes, making Cartagena more vulnerable to both floods and droughts in the future.

Average Rainfall and Distribution

Cartagena, Colombia experiences tropical rainfall patterns characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season typically spans from May to November, while the dry season lasts from December to April. During the wet season, Cartagena receives heavy rainfall, with monthly averages exceeding 100 millimeters (4 inches). The city experiences its peak rainfall in September and October, with average monthly rainfall reaching over 200 millimeters (8 inches). In contrast, the dry season is relatively dry, with monthly rainfall below 50 millimeters (2 inches). January and February are typically the driest months, with average rainfall of less than 10 millimeters (0.4 inches).

Impact of Rainfall on Cartagena

The pronounced wet and dry seasons in Cartagena have significant impacts on the city’s environment, infrastructure, and economy. During the wet season, heavy rainfall can lead to flooding and landslides, causing damage to property and infrastructure. The city’s drainage system often struggles to handle the intense rainfall, resulting in stagnant water and increased mosquito populations. The wet season also brings lush vegetation and vibrant plant life to the city, creating a picturesque urban landscape. In contrast, the dry season brings hotter and drier conditions, which can stress vegetation and lead to water shortages. During this time, the city’s water supply is heavily dependent on reservoirs and groundwater sources.

Can Snow Fall in Cartagena, Colombia?

Snowfall is a weather phenomenon that occurs when water vapor in the atmosphere freezes into ice crystals and falls to the ground. It is a common occurrence in cold regions with temperatures below freezing. Cartagena, Colombia, is a tropical city located on the Caribbean coast with an average temperature of 28°C (82°F) throughout the year. Due to its tropical climate, snowfall is not possible in Cartagena.

Historical Records and Extreme Weather

There are no historical records of snowfall ever occurring in Cartagena. Even during periods of extreme cold, temperatures have never dropped below 18°C (64°F), which is still well above the freezing point of water. The city’s proximity to the warm Caribbean Sea and its location within the tropics ensure that temperatures remain relatively stable and warm throughout the year.

Cartagena’s Sun: A Tropical Delight

Cartagena’s year-round sunshine is a tropical treasure, casting a warm glow over the city’s vibrant streets and iconic landmarks. The sun’s rays bring a perpetual sense of summer, inviting visitors to embrace the outdoor lifestyle and explore the city’s rich cultural heritage. From sun-drenched plazas to beaches fringed by swaying palm trees, Cartagena’s sun provides a stunning backdrop for unforgettable experiences.

From Dawn till Dusk

The sunrise in Cartagena is a spectacle in its own right. As the sky transforms into a canvas of vibrant hues, the city’s landmarks emerge from the shadows, casting silhouettes against the rising sun. As the day progresses, the sun bathes the Old City’s colonial architecture in a warm golden light, highlighting its intricate facades and imposing fortifications. In the evening, the sunset paints the sky with fiery reds and oranges, creating a romantic ambiance as the city comes alive with nocturnal energy.

Moon’s Appearance and Influence

Cartagena, Colombia, is located in the tropical region near the equator, which means it has a unique relationship with the moon. The moon’s appearance in Cartagena is often breathtaking, as it rises over the Caribbean Sea and casts a warm, romantic glow on the city’s skyline. The moon also influences Cartagena’s tides, which are particularly strong during the full moon and new moon. These tides create a natural rhythm of life in Cartagena, as locals adjust their activities to the waxing and waning of the moon.

Moon-Related Traditions and Beliefs

The moon holds significant cultural and spiritual importance in Cartagena. Throughout history, the indigenous peoples of the region have revered the moon as a sacred deity. This reverence is reflected in many of Cartagena’s traditions and beliefs, such as the belief that the moon can influence one’s health, wealth, and relationships. Locals often perform rituals and ceremonies during specific moon phases to invoke the moon’s blessings or protection. Additionally, the moon has inspired numerous works of art, music, and literature in Cartagena, showcasing its deep cultural significance in the city.

Humidity Trends

Cartagena, located on the Caribbean coast of Colombia, experiences high humidity throughout the year. This is due to its tropical climate, influenced by the warm waters of the Caribbean Sea and its proximity to the equator. Humidity levels generally range between 70-90% during the majority of the year, with minimal fluctuations during the different seasons. However, there are slight variations in humidity depending on the time of day and the specific time of the year. During the rainy season (May-November), humidity levels tend to be slightly higher due to the increased precipitation.

Impact on Health and Comfort

High humidity can have a significant impact on human health and comfort. Prolonged exposure to high humidity can lead to discomfort, fatigue, and heat-related illnesses such as heat exhaustion and heatstroke. It can also exacerbate respiratory conditions such as asthma and allergies. To mitigate these effects, it is recommended to stay hydrated, wear loose-fitting and breathable clothing, and seek air-conditioned areas when possible. Air conditioners and dehumidifiers can help reduce humidity levels indoors, providing a more comfortable living environment.

Wind Patterns and Windspeeds

Cartagena, Colombia experiences a tropical trade wind climate, characterized by consistent northeasterly winds. These winds are part of the larger circulation pattern that drives ocean currents and weather systems in the Caribbean. The wind speeds vary seasonally, with stronger winds during the winter months (December to April) and lighter winds during the summer months (June to November). On average, wind speeds range from 10 to 15 knots (19 to 28 km/h) throughout the year.

Impact on Local Climate

The trade winds have a significant impact on the local climate of Cartagena. They provide constant ventilation and cooling, moderating temperatures throughout the city. The winds also contribute to the formation of sea breezes, which further reduce daytime temperatures and enhance air circulation. As the winds approach the coastline, they rise over the mountains surrounding Cartagena, creating a cooling breeze that is particularly refreshing during the hot and humid afternoons. The trade winds also aid in dispersing air pollution, making Cartagena a relatively clean and breathable city despite its coastal location.

Peak Season: November to April

Cartagena’s peak tourist season coincides with the cooler and drier months from November to April. This is the ideal time to bask in the city’s vibrant atmosphere, as it hosts numerous festivals and cultural events. The average temperature hovers around 28°C (82°F), offering pleasant conditions for exploring the old city, relaxing on the beaches, and enjoying the lively nightlife. However, it’s essential to note that this period also experiences higher prices and larger crowds, especially around Christmas and New Year.

Shoulder and Off-Season: May to October

The shoulder and off-season months from May to October offer a more tranquil and budget-friendly experience. While the weather can be hotter and more humid, rainfall is generally more frequent but typically occurs in short, refreshing bursts. This period is ideal for those seeking a less crowded and more authentic Cartagena experience. The city’s cultural attractions and beaches are still accessible, although some outdoor activities may need to be adjusted around potential rain. Travelers can expect slightly lower prices and more availability during these months.

Potential of Solar Energy in Cartagena

Cartagena presents great potential for tapping into solar energy due to its exceptional geographic location. Situated along the Caribbean coast, the city enjoys abundant sunshine year-round, with an average of 6.5 peak sunlight hours per day. This favorable solar resource, combined with Cartagena’s high energy demand, presents a significant opportunity to harness solar power for sustainable energy solutions.

Benefits of Solar Energy Adoption

Embracing solar energy in Cartagena offers numerous advantages. Firstly, it can reduce the city’s dependence on fossil fuels, particularly imported coal and natural gas. By generating clean, renewable electricity, solar energy can mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to decarbonization efforts. Moreover, solar energy is a cost-effective option in the long run, as it reduces energy bills for households and businesses. Additionally, solar power systems can enhance energy independence and resilience, especially during grid outages or natural disasters.

Geography and Topography

Cartagena is situated on a peninsula in the Caribbean Sea, with the Gulf of Morrosquillo to the southwest and the Caribbean Sea to the north and east. The city’s topography is marked by numerous hills and cliffs overlooking the sea. The highest point is La Popa hill, which offers panoramic views of the city and its surroundings. Other notable hills include San Lazaro, Manga, and El Cabrero. The peninsula is surrounded by a series of canals, lagoons, and mangrove swamps, creating a unique and picturesque setting.

Coastal Features

The coastline of Cartagena is characterized by a series of sandy beaches, rocky cliffs, and coral reefs. The most popular beaches include Bocagrande, El Laguito, and Castillo Grande. These beaches attract both locals and tourists alike, offering opportunities for swimming, sunbathing, and water sports. The coral reefs off the coast of Cartagena are home to a diverse array of marine life, making it a popular destination for scuba diving and snorkeling. The city’s natural harbor is considered one of the best in the Caribbean, and has been historically significant as a major port and strategic naval base.

Rafael Núñez International Airport (CTG)

Rafael Núñez International Airport (CTG) is the main airport serving Cartagena, Colombia. It is located approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) from the city center and handles both domestic and international flights. CTG is a major hub for Avianca, LATAM Colombia, and Viva Air Colombia, and offers direct flights to several destinations in Colombia, as well as international destinations such as Miami, Orlando, and Panama City. The airport has one runway and a single passenger terminal, which was expanded and renovated in 2016 to handle increased passenger traffic. CTG offers a range of amenities and services, including duty-free shops, restaurants, cafes, and currency exchange counters.

Getting to and from CTG

There are several options for getting to and from Rafael Núñez International Airport. Taxis are readily available outside the airport terminal, and the fare to the city center is typically around COP 20,000-30,000 (USD 5-8). Alternatively, buses from Transcartagena operate between the airport and the city center, and the fare is around COP 2,500 (USD 0.70). Ride-sharing services such as Uber and Cabify are also available at CTG. It is advisable to book taxis or ride-sharing services in advance, especially during peak hours or when arriving on a late-night flight.

History and Heritage

Cartagena is a city steeped in history, dating back to its foundation in 1533 by Spanish conquistadors. Over the centuries, it has played a vital role in the region’s development, serving as a major port, a hub for trade, and a focal point of both cultural and political events. Today, Cartagena is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its well-preserved architecture and fortifications, which reflect its rich past as a colonial city. Notable landmarks include the Castillo de San Felipe de Barajas, a massive fortress built in the 16th century to protect the city from pirates and invaders, and the Walled City, a historic district surrounded by thick stone walls that once kept unwanted visitors out.

Culture and Arts

Cartagena is also home to a vibrant culture and arts scene, with a diverse mix of traditional and contemporary expressions. The city is known for its colorful music, dance, and festivals, such as the annual Cartagena International Film Festival, which showcases films from around the globe. There is also a thriving art community, with many galleries and studios displaying works by local and international artists. In addition, Cartagena is home to several museums, including the Naval Museum of the Caribbean, which tells the story of the city’s maritime history, and the Museum of Modern Art, which exhibits works by Colombian and international artists. Whether you’re interested in learning about the city’s past, appreciating its present, or experiencing its vibrant culture, Cartagena has something to offer every visitor.