Calumpit Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Philippines

Temperature and Precipitation

Calumpit, Philippines experiences a tropical monsoon climate characterized by high temperatures and abundant rainfall throughout the year. The average temperature ranges from a minimum of 23°C (73°F) in January to a maximum of 33°C (91°F) in May. The average annual precipitation is approximately 2,000 mm (79 in), with the wettest months being May to October. The months of December to February constitute the driest period.

Humidity and Wind

Calumpit has high humidity levels, especially during the rainy season, which typically lasts from June to October. The average relative humidity ranges from 75% to 90%. During the summer months (March to May), the heat can be oppressive due to the combination of high temperatures and humidity. The prevailing wind direction is from the northeast, and wind speeds are generally moderate, averaging around 10-15 km/h (6-9 mph).

Temperature Variation Throughout the Year

Calumpit, a municipality located in the province of Bulacan in the Philippines, experiences a tropical climate characterized by consistent high temperatures year-round. The average temperature in Calumpit ranges from a minimum of 25°C (77°F) in January to a maximum of 30°C (86°F) from March to May. During the summer months, temperatures can reach as high as 35°C (95°F), while during the cooler months, they can dip to around 20°C (68°F) at night.

Humidity and Rainfall

Calumpit experiences high humidity levels throughout the year, particularly during the summer months when relative humidity can reach up to 80%. The municipality receives an average annual rainfall of approximately 2,300 mm (90 inches), with the wet season occurring from May to October. During the wet season, heavy rainfall can cause flooding and disrupt daily activities. Despite the high humidity and occasional heavy rainfall, Calumpit’s tropical climate offers pleasant weather conditions for outdoor activities and leisure.

Cloud Types and Formations

The skies of Calumpit, Philippines, exhibit a diverse array of cloud formations. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy, cotton-like appearance, often dominate the early morning skies. As the day progresses, these clouds may evolve into towering cumulonimbus clouds, which can produce towering thunderstorms. Other common cloud types include cirrus clouds, thin wispy clouds composed of ice crystals, and stratus clouds, which form an overcast layer covering the sky.

Impact on Weather

Clouds play a significant role in Calumpit’s weather patterns. Cumulus clouds typically indicate fair weather, while cumulonimbus clouds can bring heavy rainfall, lightning, and even hail. Stratus clouds often lead to overcast conditions and can result in light drizzle or rain. The amount and type of cloud cover can also affect temperatures, with dense cloud cover blocking sunlight and leading to cooler conditions.

Rainfall Distribution

Calumpit, Philippines experiences a tropical monsoon climate characterized by abundant rainfall throughout the year. The annual precipitation is significant, averaging around 2,000 mm (79 inches), distributed relatively evenly across the months. However, the wettest period occurs during the southwest monsoon, from June to September, when the prevailing winds bring in moisture-laden air from the Indian Ocean. During this season, Calumpit receives an average of 300-400 mm (12-16 inches) of rainfall per month.

Rainfall Patterns

Over the past several decades, Calumpit has exhibited a consistent pattern of rainfall distribution. The average annual precipitation has remained relatively stable, although slight variations are observed from year to year. However, there have been periods of extreme rainfall events, typically associated with tropical cyclones or prolonged monsoon seasons. These events can result in significant flooding and damage to infrastructure. Additionally, Calumpit falls within the typhoon belt and is occasionally affected by these storms, which can bring torrential rain and strong winds that cause widespread destruction.

Monthly Rainfall Patterns

Calumpit experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by a pronounced wet season and a drier season. The wet season typically spans from May to October, with the heaviest rainfall occurring during the months of July and August. During these months, Calumpit can receive an average of over 400 millimeters of rainfall per month. The drier season runs from November to April, with January and February being the driest months. During these months, rainfall averages between 50 and 100 millimeters per month.

Annual Rainfall and Variability

On average, Calumpit receives around 2,500 millimeters of rainfall annually. However, there is considerable variability from year to year. In some years, Calumpit may receive as much as 3,000 millimeters of rainfall, while in other years, it may receive as little as 2,000 millimeters. This variability is influenced by factors such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, which can affect rainfall patterns in the Philippines.

Historical Overview

Throughout recorded history, snowfall has never been observed in Calumpit, Philippines. Located in the tropical region, the town experiences year-round warm temperatures and high humidity. The closest recorded instance of snowfall in the Philippines occurred in Baguio City in 1903, where light snow flurries were reported. However, Calumpit’s geographical location and climatic conditions make snow accumulation impossible.

Geographical and Climatic Factors

Calumpit is situated within the province of Bulacan in Central Luzon, an area characterized by its tropical climate. The town lies near sea level, with an average elevation of only a few meters above sea level. The combination of low elevation and proximity to the warm Pacific Ocean results in constant warm air temperatures throughout the year. Additionally, Calumpit’s tropical monsoon climate brings heavy rainfall during the rainy season, further preventing the formation of snow. The high humidity levels also contribute to the lack of snow, as water vapor acts as a buffer against cold temperatures.

Sunrise and Sunset Timing in Calumpit, Philippines

Calumpit, located in the Bulacan province of the Philippines, experiences variations in its sunrise and sunset timings throughout the year. The town is positioned in the Northern Hemisphere, which means it undergoes seasonal changes that affect the duration of daylight. Generally, from December to January, Calumpit has shorter days with earlier sunsets and later sunrises, while from June to July, the days are longer with delayed sunsets and earlier sunrises.

The sunrise and sunset timings are influenced by Calumpit’s geographical location, specifically its latitude. During the Northern Hemisphere’s summer months (June to August), the Earth’s axis tilts towards the sun, resulting in longer days and delayed sunsets. Conversely, during the winter months (December to February), the Earth’s axis tilts away from the sun, leading to shorter days and earlier sunsets. Additionally, the town’s proximity to the equator contributes to smaller variations in sunrise and sunset timings compared to higher latitude regions.

History of the Moon in Calumpit

The moon is thought to have formed about 4.5 billion years ago, shortly after the Earth. It is believed that the moon formed when a Mars-sized object called Theia collided with Earth. The impact is thought to have ejected a large amount of material into space, which eventually coalesced to form the moon.

The moon has been an important part of human history for thousands of years. It was used by early humans as a calendar and a source of light. The moon has also been a source of inspiration for poets, artists, and musicians.

Culture and the Moon in Calumpit

The moon has a special significance in the culture of Calumpit, Philippines. The town is home to the Calumpit Church, which is a popular pilgrimage site. The church is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, who is often associated with the moon.

The moon is also featured in the town’s annual festival, the Calumpit Moon Festival. The festival is a celebration of the town’s history and culture. It features a variety of activities, including a parade, a fireworks display, and a moonlit boat ride.

Humidity Patterns in Calumpit

Calumpit, Philippines experiences high humidity levels throughout the year, contributing to its warm and muggy climate. The average annual relative humidity is around 80%, indicating a significant amount of moisture in the air. The humidity levels fluctuate slightly throughout the year, with the wet season (May to November) typically having higher humidity than the dry season (December to April). During the wet season, the increased rainfall and cloud cover trap moisture in the atmosphere, leading to higher humidity levels. Contrastingly, the dry season brings drier air and less cloud cover, resulting in lower humidity.

Impact of Humidity on Daily Life

The high humidity levels in Calumpit can have a significant impact on daily life, affecting both comfort and health. The muggy conditions can make outdoor activities uncomfortable and strenuous, especially during the hottest months of the year. For those with respiratory conditions, such as asthma or allergies, high humidity can exacerbate symptoms and make breathing difficult. Additionally, the moisture in the air can encourage the growth of mold and mildew, which can pose health hazards if not properly addressed. To cope with the high humidity, residents often utilize air conditioning, fans, and dehumidifiers to maintain comfortable indoor environments.

Wind Patterns in Calumpit

Calumpit, Philippines experiences distinct wind patterns influenced by its geographical location and interactions with larger-scale atmospheric circulation systems. During the Northeast Monsoon season, which runs from November to April, strong northeasterly winds prevail, known as “Amihan.” These winds originate over the Asian continent and bring relatively cool and dry air to the region. During summer, from May to October, the Southwest Monsoon or “Habagat” sets in, bringing warm and humid winds from the Pacific Ocean. These winds can lead to increased rainfall and thunderstorms.

In addition, Calumpit’s proximity to Manila Bay and the Sierra Madre Mountains further influences local wind patterns. The sea breeze and land breeze circulation, which occurs due to temperature differences between land and water, can generate onshore and offshore winds. The terrain of the Sierra Madre also contributes to wind channeling and modifications, creating localized wind patterns within the Calumpit area. These complex interactions result in a dynamic wind regime that plays an important role in shaping the region’s climate and weather.

Dry Season (November to April)

The dry season in Calumpit offers ideal weather conditions for outdoor activities and exploration. With minimal rainfall and ample sunshine, the temperatures remain pleasant, hovering between 75°F (24°C) and 90°F (32°C). The clear skies provide unobstructed views of the surrounding landscapes, making it a great time for sightseeing and nature-based activities such as hiking, boating, and fishing. Furthermore, the popularity of Calumpit’s riverfront festivities, including the annual Pahiyas Festival, typically peaks during this season, allowing visitors to experience the vibrant local culture.

Wet Season (May to October)

Although the wet season brings more frequent rainfall, it can also offer refreshing relief from the scorching summer heat. The monsoon rains typically start in June and continue until September, with heavy downpours interspersed with periods of sunshine. Temperatures remain relatively high, averaging between 80°F (27°C) and 95°F (35°C). While outdoor activities may be occasionally disrupted by rain, the lush greenery and blooming flowers enhance the beauty of the surroundings. This season is less popular with tourists, providing opportunities for more solitary exploration and a glimpse into the everyday life of locals.

Potential and Benefits

Calumpit, Philippines, boasts abundant solar energy potential due to its favorable geographical location and tropical climate. The municipality receives an average of 5.5 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of solar radiation per square meter (m²) per day. This energy resource can be harnessed to meet the growing electricity demand of the region, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and promote sustainable development. Solar energy projects in Calumpit can generate clean, renewable electricity, contributing to a greener and more energy-secure future.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite the potential, Calumpit faces challenges in developing solar energy. One challenge is the high upfront investment required for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, government incentives and financing options are available to support the deployment of solar technologies. Additionally, the intermittent nature of solar energy requires careful planning and grid integration strategies to ensure a reliable supply of electricity. With proper planning and investment, Calumpit can overcome these challenges and unlock the full potential of solar energy.

Topography of Calumpit, Philippines

Calumpit, nestled in the province of Bulacan in the Philippines, is a municipality characterized by a diverse and rich topography. To its west lies the majestic Pampanga River, forming a natural boundary that meanders through the municipality’s flat and fertile plains. These plains are essential for agriculture, supporting vast rice paddies, sugarcane plantations, and vegetable farms that contribute significantly to the local economy.

As you move further eastward, the landscape transitions into gently rolling hills and low mountains. These elevated areas offer panoramic views of the surrounding countryside and provide a respite from the sprawling urban sprawl. The forests and greenery found in these hills contribute to Calumpit’s ecological balance, providing habitats for various flora and fauna and mitigating the effects of pollution. Notable peaks include Mount Baluk-Baluk and Mount Manapot, which attract hikers and nature enthusiasts. Overall, Calumpit’s topography offers a harmonious blend of flat and elevated terrain, shaping its identity and economic activities.

Closest Major Airport

The closest major airport to Calumpit, Philippines, is Ninoy Aquino International Airport (MNL), located approximately 55 kilometers (34 miles) to the southwest. MNL is the main international gateway to the Philippines and offers a wide range of domestic and international flights. It serves as a hub for several major airlines, including Philippine Airlines, Cebu Pacific, and AirAsia Philippines, providing convenient connections to destinations within the country and around the world.

Other Nearby Airports

Apart from MNL, there are two other smaller airports in close proximity to Calumpit. Clark International Airport (CRK) is located approximately 80 kilometers (50 miles) to the northwest in Pampanga province. CRK serves primarily as a gateway to the Central Luzon region and offers limited domestic flights to major cities in the Philippines. Sangley Point Airport (SGL) is located approximately 45 kilometers (28 miles) to the southwest in Cavite province. SGL is a military airport that also operates civilian flights to select destinations within the country. However, it has a smaller capacity and offers fewer flight options compared to MNL.

Historical Significance

Calumpit, a municipality in Bulacan province, holds a significant place in Philippine history. It served as a major port during the Spanish colonial era, connecting the province to Manila and facilitating trade. The town also played a crucial role in the Philippine Revolution against Spain. In 1896, Andres Bonifacio and his Katipunan forces launched an attack on the Spanish garrison in Calumpit, marking the start of the revolution in Bulacan and signaling the outbreak of a wider conflict. Calumpit’s strategic location and historical importance have contributed to its rich cultural heritage.

Natural and Cultural Heritage

Calumpit is renowned for its natural beauty and cultural attractions. The town is situated along the picturesque Pampanga River, offering scenic views and a tranquil atmosphere. The Calumpit Church, also known as the St. John the Baptist Parish Church, is an architectural masterpiece dating back to 1580. Its Baroque-style design and intricate details have earned it the distinction of being a declared National Historical Landmark. Calumpit is also home to the Calumpit Centennial Bell Tower, a monument commemorating the town’s centennial anniversary. The tower stands as a testament to Calumpit’s rich history and cultural significance.