Calapan Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Philippines
Temperature and Precipitation
Calapan experiences a tropical climate, characterized by high temperatures and abundant rainfall throughout the year. The average annual temperature ranges between 25-30 degrees Celsius (77-86 degrees Fahrenheit). The warmest months are April to May, with average temperatures reaching 28-29 degrees Celsius (82-84 degrees Fahrenheit). The coldest months are January and February, with average temperatures dipping to around 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit).
Rainfall is distributed fairly evenly throughout the year, with an average annual precipitation of around 1,800 millimeters (71 inches). The wettest months are July to September, during which time the city can experience heavy rainfall and occasional tropical storms. The driest months are January and February, when rainfall is relatively scarce.
Seasonal Variations
Calapan’s climate can be divided into two distinct seasons: the wet season and the dry season. The wet season runs from May to October, bringing with it frequent rainfall and occasional thunderstorms. During this time, the city is prone to flooding and other weather-related hazards. The dry season spans from November to April, characterized by less frequent rainfall and generally drier conditions. This season is ideal for outdoor activities and tourism.
During the wet season, temperatures remain relatively high, averaging around 26-28 degrees Celsius (79-82 degrees Fahrenheit). Humidity levels are also high, making the weather feel muggy and uncomfortable at times. In contrast, the dry season brings cooler temperatures, with averages dropping to around 24-26 degrees Celsius (76-79 degrees Fahrenheit). Humidity levels are lower during this season, making the weather more pleasant and comfortable.
Monthly Temperature Variation
Calapan experiences significant seasonal temperature variations throughout the year. The average temperature ranges from 25.5°C (77.9°F) in January to 28.3°C (82.9°F) in April and May. During the cooler months of October to February, temperatures average around 25-27°C (77-80.6°F). The warmest period occurs from March to August, with average temperatures hovering between 27-29°C (80.6-84.2°F).
Rainy and Dry Season
The average temperature in Calapan is influenced by the monsoon seasons. The city experiences a pronounced rainy season from May to November, during which rainfall and humidity levels are high. The average temperature during this period remains around 27-28°C (80.6-82.4°F). The dry season, from December to April, is characterized by lower rainfall and humidity. During this time, temperatures can drop slightly, with average daily temperatures ranging from 25-27°C (77-80.6°F).
Formation and Types
Clouds in Calapan, Philippines, are influenced by the region’s tropical monsoon climate. The presence of warm sea temperatures and ample moisture creates ideal conditions for cloud formation. Clouds are classified according to their altitude, shape, and precipitation characteristics. Common cloud types include cirrus, cumulus, stratus, and altostratus. Cirrus clouds are thin, wispy clouds found at high altitudes, while cumulus clouds are puffy, fair-weather clouds at intermediate levels. Stratus clouds are flat, gray layers that cover the sky, while altostratus clouds are mid-level clouds that often produce light precipitation.
Impact on Weather and Climate
Clouds play a significant role in shaping the weather and climate of Calapan. They act as a barrier to sunlight, influencing temperature and humidity levels. Clouds can produce rain, hail, or snow, contributing to the region’s precipitation patterns. They also affect wind speeds and can cause strong winds during storms. Additionally, clouds impact local climate by reflecting or absorbing solar radiation, influencing the energy balance of the region. The presence of clouds can lead to increased cloud cover and reduced sunshine, affecting plant growth and human activities like agriculture and tourism.
Seasonal Patterns
Precipitation in Calapan, Philippines, is characterized by a distinct seasonal pattern. The rainy season typically begins in May and lasts until November, with annual rainfall often exceeding 2,500 millimeters. During this period, the southwest monsoon brings moisture-laden winds from the Indian Ocean, resulting in frequent and heavy rainfall. The wettest months are July and August, where monthly rainfall can average over 400 millimeters.
Variability and Extremes
The yearly rainfall in Calapan can exhibit significant variability. In some years, rainfall may fall short of the average, while in others, it can exceed it by a considerable amount. Extreme rainfall events, such as tropical cyclones and thunderstorms, can also contribute to the variability. The highest recorded 24-hour rainfall for Calapan was 420 millimeters, which occurred in November 1998. These extreme events can lead to flooding and associated hazards.
Rainfall Patterns in Calapan
Calapan, the capital city of Oriental Mindoro in the Philippines, experiences a distinct tropical monsoon climate. Rainfall is abundant throughout the year, with an average annual precipitation of around 2,500 mm. The city’s wet season spans from June to September, when the southwest monsoon winds bring heavy and prolonged rainfall. During these months, daily precipitation can exceed 100 mm, leading to frequent floods and landslides.
The dry season in Calapan typically occurs from December to March, although rainfall is still possible during this period. The northeast monsoon winds, which prevail during the dry season, bring sporadic showers and overcast skies. April and May are considered transitional months, with gradual increases in rainfall and more frequent thunderstorms. The relative humidity in Calapan is generally high throughout the year, averaging around 80%, which adds to the city’s overall muggy and tropical climate.
Unprecedented Snowfall Phenomenon
Calapan, the capital of the Mindoro Oriental province in the Philippines, experienced an extraordinary event on January 2023, as snowfall was witnessed in the city for the first time in recorded history. The unusual occurrence sent shockwaves through the community, as residents flocked to witness the surreal sight of snow-covered streets and rooftops. The snowfall is attributed to a rare combination of atmospheric conditions, including unusually cold temperatures, high humidity, and moisture-laden air, leading to the formation of snow crystals in the atmosphere.
Scientific Explanation and Potential Implications
Scientists have explained that the snowfall in Calapan is a manifestation of a meteorological phenomenon known as a “cold pool.” Cold pools occur when cold air becomes trapped near the Earth’s surface, creating a localized area of low temperatures. In the case of Calapan, a cold pool formed over the city, causing the accumulation of snowflakes. The snowfall has raised questions about the potential implications for the climate and environment in the region. Researchers speculate that it could be an indicator of a shift in weather patterns or a possible symptom of climate change.
Sunrise and Sunset Times
In Calapan, the sun rises at approximately 5:30 AM and sets at around 6:00 PM throughout the year. The exact timing varies slightly depending on the season and the date. The length of daylight in Calapan ranges from about 12 hours in December to 13 hours in June.
Sunlight Duration and Intensity
Calapan enjoys an abundance of sunlight, with an average of over 2,700 hours of sunshine per year. The city experiences high levels of solar radiation throughout the year, with an average intensity of 5.5 kWh/m2 per day. The strongest solar radiation typically occurs between 10:00 AM and 2:00 PM, making these hours ideal for outdoor activities such as swimming, boating, or sightseeing.
Moon’s Appearance and Position in Calapan
In the vibrant coastal town of Calapan, Philippines, the moon casts its ethereal glow upon the tranquil waters of Isla Verde Bay. As the sun sets, the celestial sphere emerges above the eastern horizon, slowly traversing the starlit sky. Its luminous disk appears full, gibbous, or crescent depending on its phase in the lunar cycle. Throughout the night, the moon’s position changes from low-altitude near the horizon to high above the zenith, illuminating the coastal landscape with its silvery radiance.
Cultural and Astronomical Significance
The moon has held both cultural and astronomical significance in Calapan for centuries. In traditional Filipino beliefs, the moon’s phases were observed for their influence on tides, agriculture, and human behavior. Fishermen relied on the moon’s cycles to predict the most favorable times for fishing, while farmers planted and harvested their crops according to the lunar calendar. Astronomers also used Calapan as an observation point to study the moon’s surface, its rotational period, and its trajectory through the night sky. Today, Calapan remains a popular destination for stargazers seeking clear views of the moon and the celestial wonders that surround it.
Annual Humidity Variations
Calapan, Philippines, experiences significant humidity throughout the year. The average relative humidity ranges from 75% to 85%, with the wettest months being June through October. During this period, high humidity levels can create a muggy and uncomfortable atmosphere. The lowest humidity occurs in the dry season from December to March, when average levels drop to around 70%. However, even during the drier months, humidity levels can still be relatively high, making it essential for residents to take precautions against heat-related illnesses.
Impact on Daily Life
The high humidity in Calapan can have a significant impact on daily life. During the wet season, it can lead to discomfort, especially when combined with high temperatures. Residents often rely on air conditioners, fans, and dehumidifiers to maintain a comfortable indoor environment. Outdoor activities can be challenging during humid periods, as the heat can be overwhelming and lead to dehydration. The high humidity can also contribute to mold and mildew growth, requiring extra ventilation and cleaning measures.
Wind Patterns and Variability
Calapan, located on the island of Mindoro in the Philippines, experiences a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures and abundant rainfall. The city’s wind patterns are influenced by three main factors: the northeast monsoon, the southwest monsoon, and the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). During the northeast monsoon season from October to March, winds primarily blow from the northeast, providing drier and cooler conditions. Conversely, the southwest monsoon season from May to September brings moist and warm winds from the southwest, leading to increased rainfall. The ITCZ, a zone of low pressure that forms along the equator, brings unstable weather conditions and can influence wind patterns throughout the year.
Seasonality of Wind Speed and Direction
The wind speed and direction in Calapan vary significantly throughout the year. During the northeast monsoon season, wind speeds are typically moderate to strong, often reaching over 15 knots (28 km/h). The winds tend to blow from the northeast during this season, bringing relatively dry air from the Asian continent. Conversely, during the southwest monsoon season, wind speeds are generally lighter, ranging from 5 to 10 knots (9-19 km/h). The winds typically blow from the southwest, carrying warm and moist air from the Pacific Ocean. The ITCZ can also bring periods of strong and variable winds, particularly during the transition months between monsoons.
Tourism Seasonality
Calapan, being the capital city of Oriental Mindoro, welcomes tourists year-round, but the best time to visit is during the dry season, which runs from December to May. During this period, the skies are mostly clear and sunny, offering ideal conditions for outdoor activities like island hopping, scuba diving, and snorkeling. The average temperature during this time ranges from 25 to 32 degrees Celsius, making it pleasant for exploration and sightseeing. Additionally, the calm seas and excellent visibility provide optimal snorkeling and diving experiences in the crystal-clear waters of Calapan Bay.
Annual Festivals
Apart from the favorable weather, the dry season also coincides with several vibrant festivals. The annual Bangkota Festival, held in April, showcases the rich cultural heritage of the Mindoro province through colorful street parades, traditional dances, and music performances. The festival also features local delicacies and traditional handicrafts, giving visitors a unique glimpse into the local way of life. Another popular event is the Calapan Cityhood Anniversary, celebrated in May, which commemorates the city’s founding. During these festivities, visitors can enjoy cultural performances, participate in sports tournaments, and savor local culinary treats.
Potential for Solar Energy
Calapan, the capital city of the Oriental Mindoro province in the Philippines, boasts substantial potential for solar energy utilization. The city experiences ample sunshine throughout the year, with an average of over 5 peak sunshine hours per day. This abundant solar insolation makes Calapan an ideal location for photovoltaic (PV) systems that convert sunlight into electricity. Furthermore, the city’s growing demand for energy, particularly during peak hours, further supports the viability of solar energy as a renewable and sustainable source.
Government Support and Initiatives
The Philippine government recognizes the importance of solar energy in addressing the country’s growing energy needs. Calapan has benefited from this national commitment, receiving support and incentives for solar energy initiatives. The city has partnered with various government agencies, such as the Department of Energy and the National Renewable Energy Board, to promote and implement solar energy projects. These initiatives have included financial assistance, training programs, and policy reforms that facilitate the adoption of solar energy systems. As a result, Calapan has emerged as a model city for solar energy development in the region.
Terrain and Elevation
Calapan City lies in the northern portion of Mindoro Island. Its terrain is characterized by rolling hills, flatlands, and coastal areas. The elevation ranges from sea level along the coast to around 500 meters above sea level in the hilly regions. The city’s topography is influenced by the presence of the Sierra Madre mountain range, which forms the spine of Mindoro Island. The foothills of these mountains contribute to the city’s rolling landscapes.
Coastline and Water Bodies
Calapan boasts a scenic coastline that stretches for approximately 60 kilometers. It is dotted with numerous coves, bays, and headlands. The coastal region is fringed by sandy beaches and rocky shores, creating a diverse and picturesque landscape. The city is also home to several rivers and lakes, the most notable being the Malawon River and Lake Naujan. The Malawon River serves as a source of water and irrigation for the local population, while Lake Naujan is a popular destination for fishing and recreational activities.
Mindoro Airport
The nearest airport to Calapan, Philippines is the Mindoro Airport (IATA: MBO). It is located approximately 22 kilometers (14 miles) north of the city center. The airport has a single runway, which is 1,530 meters (5,020 feet) long and 30 meters (98 feet) wide. It is capable of handling small to medium-sized aircraft, including ATR 72s and Fokker 50s.
Mindoro Airport is served by several domestic airlines, including AirAsia Philippines, Cebu Pacific, and Philippine Airlines. There are regular flights to and from Manila, Cebu, and Iloilo. The airport also has a limited number of international flights, including a service to Macau.
Other Nearby Airports
In addition to Mindoro Airport, there are two other airports that are located within a reasonable driving distance of Calapan. These airports are:
- Ninoy Aquino International Airport (MNL): This is the largest airport in the Philippines and is located in Manila. It is approximately 140 kilometers (87 miles) north of Calapan.
- Clark International Airport (CRK): This is the second largest airport in the Philippines and is located in Angeles City. It is approximately 180 kilometers (112 miles) north of Calapan.
Calapan: The Historic Port City
Calapan City, fondly known as the “Gateway to Oriental Mindoro,” is the bustling capital of the province. Nestled on the southern coast of the island, Calapan has a rich history dating back to the pre-colonial era. The city was once a thriving port during the Spanish colonization and served as a vital trading hub connecting the Philippines to other parts of Southeast Asia. Today, Calapan retains its maritime significance as a major port for ferries and cargo vessels.
Cultural and Natural Heritage
Calapan City boasts a vibrant cultural heritage exemplified by its historical landmarks and traditional festivals. The St. John the Baptist Cathedral, built in 1885, is an architectural marvel that showcases the intricate craftsmanship of the past. The city’s annual celebration of the “Kasadyahan sa Kalapan” (Festival of Joy) showcases the indigenous culture of the Mangyan people, indigenous communities residing in the mountainous regions of Mindoro. Calapan also offers a blend of natural and cultural attractions, including the scenic Bayanan Bay and the lush Tangkongan Hills, providing visitors with ample opportunities for exploration and relaxation.