Cairns Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Australia

Summer (December-February)

Summer in Cairns is characterized by warm, humid weather with high temperatures averaging around 32°C (89°F). The average rainfall is 432mm, with frequent thunderstorms and occasional cyclones. The humidity can be high, making it feel even more uncomfortable. However, the warm temperatures and abundant sunshine provide excellent conditions for outdoor activities such as swimming, boating, and hiking.

Winter (June-August)

Winter in Cairns is mild and dry, with average temperatures ranging from 19°C (66°F) to 28°C (82°F). The average rainfall is 251mm, and the humidity is generally lower. The days are shorter, and the nights can be cool. This season is ideal for exploring the region’s national parks, waterfalls, and wildlife. While the water temperature may be cooler, many people still enjoy swimming and snorkeling during this time.

Summer in Cairns

During the summer months from December to February, Cairns experiences warm and humid weather with average temperatures ranging from 24°C (75°F) to 31°C (88°F). The humidity levels can reach up to 80%, making the air feel muggy and uncomfortable. Despite the heat, the summer months are also the wettest, with frequent rainfall that can provide respite from the high temperatures.

Winter in Cairns

In the winter months from June to August, Cairns enjoys pleasant, warm weather with average temperatures ranging from 17°C (63°F) to 25°C (77°F). The humidity levels are generally lower during this time, making the weather feel more comfortable. The winter months are relatively dry, with less rainfall than during the summer. As a result, the skies are often clear, making it an ideal time for outdoor activities and taking advantage of the numerous beaches and rainforests in the region.

Types of Clouds in Cairns

The tropical climate of Cairns produces a diverse range of cloud formations. Cumulus clouds, with their distinct white, puffy appearance, are common during the wet season from November to April. These clouds can develop into towering thunderstorms, bringing heavy rainfall and lightning. During the dry season from May to October, trade wind clouds dominate. These low, flat clouds often form in parallel lines and can create a stunning visual effect. Cirrus clouds, known for their thin, wispy appearance, can also be observed throughout the year and often indicate approaching changes in weather.

Impact of Clouds on Cairns’ Weather

Clouds play a significant role in shaping Cairns’ weather patterns. Cumulus clouds, particularly during the wet season, bring much-needed rainfall to the region. However, they can also lead to localized flooding and disruptions. Trade wind clouds during the dry season provide shade and help regulate temperatures. Cirrus clouds, although not directly influencing precipitation, can indicate the arrival of rain or storms. Clouds also contribute to Cairns’ scenic beauty, creating ever-changing skyscapes that enhance the city’s tropical ambiance.

Average Rainfall

Cairns, a tropical city in northeastern Australia, experiences an average annual rainfall of approximately 2,400 millimeters (94 inches). The city’s wet season typically extends from December to April, with the heaviest rainfall occurring in January and February. During this period, tropical cyclones and monsoons can bring torrential downpours, leading to flooding and other hazards. The remaining months of the year constitute the dry season, with rainfall decreasing significantly.

Rainfall Distribution

The distribution of rainfall in Cairns varies throughout the year. During the wet season, rainfall occurs frequently and is often intense, while during the dry season, precipitation is less frequent and generally lighter. The highest monthly rainfall occurs in January, averaging around 400 millimeters (16 inches). In contrast, September, the driest month, receives only around 50 millimeters (2 inches) of rain. This seasonal variation in rainfall is primarily influenced by the monsoon winds and the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).

Rainfall Patterns and Seasonality

Cairns, situated on the tropical northeast coast of Australia, experiences abundant rainfall throughout the year, especially during the wet season from December to April. This period is characterized by heavy downpours and frequent thunderstorms, contributing to an average annual rainfall of approximately 2,163 mm (85.2 inches). In contrast, the dry season from May to November is typically drier, with occasional rainfall and humidity levels dropping. The highest monthly rainfall occurs in February and March, with an average of over 400 mm (15.7 inches) each month.

Influencing Factors

Cairns’ heavy rainfall is primarily attributed to its location within the monsoonal trough, a low-pressure system that develops over northern Australia during the wet season. As moist air from the Pacific Ocean is drawn into the trough, it condenses and releases heavy rainfall. Additionally, the presence of the Great Dividing Range to the west of Cairns forces humid air to rise and cool, further contributing to rainfall. The elevated terrain acts as a barrier, causing the moist air to release its moisture as it ascends the slopes of the mountains. The combination of these factors results in high rainfall and lush vegetation in the Cairns region.

Historical Occurrences of Snowfall

Snowfall in Cairns, Australia, a tropical city located in the state of Queensland, is an extremely rare phenomenon. According to climate records, the last recorded snowfall in Cairns occurred in July 1961, when a few snowflakes briefly fell on Mount Whitfield, a peak located just outside the city. This event caused widespread excitement and wonder among the local population, as snow is virtually unheard of in this part of the world.

Climate and Geographical Factors

The absence of snowfall in Cairns can primarily be attributed to its tropical climate and geographical location. The city is situated close to the equator and experiences year-round high temperatures and humidity. The average annual temperature in Cairns is over 23 degrees Celsius (73 degrees Fahrenheit), with very little seasonal variation. Additionally, Cairns is located on the eastern coast of Australia, and the warm waters of the Coral Sea contribute to the city’s warm and humid climate. These factors collectively create conditions that are highly unfavorable for snow formation.

Climate and Temperature

Cairns, Australia, experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The city receives an average of 2,170 sunshine hours annually, with minimal variation throughout the year. Temperatures remain warm year-round, with average highs ranging from 27°C (81°F) in winter to 32°C (90°F) in summer. The humidity levels are generally high, particularly during the wet season, which runs from November to April. However, the sea breezes help mitigate the effects of the humidity, making Cairns a relatively comfortable place to visit all year round.

Rainfall Patterns

Cairns receives an average annual rainfall of 2,150 millimeters (85 inches). The majority of this rainfall occurs during the wet season, with the months of January and February typically experiencing the highest precipitation. During this period, heavy downpours and thunderstorms are common. The dry season, from May to October, is characterized by less frequent rainfall, with the average monthly precipitation dropping below 50 millimeters (2 inches). However, even during the dry season, occasional showers can occur, especially in the afternoon or evening. Overall, Cairns’s tropical climate and abundant sunshine make it an ideal destination for outdoor activities, sightseeing, and enjoying the natural beauty of the area.

Moonrise and Moonset in Cairns

Cairns, located in tropical North Queensland, Australia, offers breathtaking views of the moon rising and setting over the Coral Sea and surrounding landscapes. The moon’s appearance varies throughout the lunar cycle, from a thin crescent to a full, radiant orb. During moonrise, the horizon glows with a soft, ethereal light, casting surreal shadows across the water and land. As the moon ascends, it illuminates the sky with its silvery glow, creating a romantic and awe-inspiring spectacle. At moonset, the opposite occurs, as the moon sinks below the horizon, casting a final, golden glow before disappearing into the darkness.

Phases of the Moon and Tides

The moon’s gravitational pull has a significant impact on the tides in Cairns. The full and new moons cause the highest tides, known as spring tides, which can reach up to 4 meters in height. During the first and last quarter moons, the tides are lower and referred to as neap tides. These tidal variations influence marine life, including the feeding patterns of fish and the nesting habits of sea turtles. Observing the moon’s phases and tides can enhance the experience of visiting Cairns and its pristine beaches.

Average Humidity Levels

Cairns, Australia, experiences a tropical climate characterized by consistently high humidity levels throughout the year. The average annual relative humidity in Cairns is approximately 75%, with only slight variations between seasons. During the wet season (December to March), humidity levels tend to be higher, reaching an average of 77%. During the dry season (April to November), humidity levels dip slightly, averaging around 73%. Regardless of the season, Cairns’ humid conditions often make the air feel warmer than the actual temperature, especially during the summer months.

Impact on Health and Well-being

High humidity levels in Cairns can impact the health and well-being of its residents. Extended periods of high humidity can lead to heat-related illnesses such as heat exhaustion or heat stroke. Individuals with respiratory conditions, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), may experience increased difficulty breathing in humid conditions. Additionally, high humidity levels provide a favorable environment for mold and mildew growth, which can trigger allergies and respiratory issues in susceptible individuals. To mitigate the effects of high humidity, it is recommended to stay hydrated, wear loose and lightweight clothing, and take breaks from outdoor activities during the hottest and most humid times of the day.

Seasonal Variations

Cairns, Australia experiences distinct seasonal variations in wind patterns. During the summer months (December to March), the region is influenced by the Southeast Trade Winds, which originate from the Pacific Ocean. These winds are typically moderate in strength and provide a refreshing breeze during the hot and humid summer. In contrast, the winter months (June to August) are characterized by the Westerly Winds, which sweep across Australia from the west. These winds are often stronger and can bring gusty conditions, particularly during cold fronts.

Influence of Local Topography

The local topography of Cairns also plays a significant role in shaping its wind patterns. The city is nestled between the Coral Sea and the Barron River Gorge, which create a unique microclimate. The sea breeze, originating from the Coral Sea, often brings cooler temperatures and higher humidity to the coastal areas of Cairns. The Barron River Gorge, on the other hand, acts as a natural wind tunnel, channeling strong winds into the city from the west and southwest. This phenomenon can lead to localized pockets of strong and gusty conditions, especially during the afternoon and evening hours.

Dry Season (May-October):

During the dry season, Cairns experiences warm and sunny weather with average temperatures ranging from 19°C to 27°C. The skies are typically clear, providing ideal conditions for outdoor activities such as snorkeling, diving, and rainforest exploration. The absence of rain reduces humidity, making it more comfortable to explore the surrounding areas. This season is considered the best time to visit Cairns for those seeking a perfect balance of warm temperatures and clear skies.

Wet Season (November-April):

The wet season brings abundant rainfall to Cairns, transforming the landscape into a lush, tropical paradise. While this period offers a unique opportunity to witness the region’s impressive waterfalls and wildlife, it also presents challenges for outdoor enthusiasts. Heavy downpours can disrupt planned excursions, and the high humidity can make it uncomfortable to spend extended periods outside. However, the wet season has its own charm, as heavy storms often give way to warm, clear skies, creating breathtaking rainbows and vibrant green scenery.

Abundant Solar Potential

Cairns, situated in the tropics of Australia, boasts an exceptional abundance of solar radiation. With an average of 6.5 peak sunlight hours per day throughout the year, the city offers an ideal environment for solar energy harnessing. The high levels of solar irradiation make it a prime location for both residential and commercial solar installations, offering the potential for significant energy savings and environmental sustainability.

Adoption and Benefits

The solar energy industry in Cairns has experienced significant growth in recent years, driven by government incentives, rising electricity costs, and increasing environmental awareness. Numerous businesses, homes, and community projects have adopted solar systems, recognizing the economic and environmental benefits they provide. Solar energy not only reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers electricity bills but also contributes to the city’s sustainability goals and helps mitigate climate change. With the ongoing advances in solar technology and decreasing costs, the adoption of solar energy is expected to continue growing in Cairns and the surrounding region.

Coastal Plain and Wetlands

Cairns, located in northeastern Australia, sits on a coastal plain that stretches along the Coral Sea. This plain is characterized by low-lying, sandy terrain, with elevations typically below 50 meters above sea level. The coastal plain is home to extensive wetlands, including mangroves, salt marshes, and mudflats. These wetlands provide important habitats for a diverse array of wildlife, including birds, fish, and crustaceans.

Highlands and Rainforest

Inland from the coastal plain, the topography becomes more rugged, transitioning into the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. This region is characterized by a series of highlands and mountainous ranges, including the Bellenden Ker Range, with elevations reaching over 1,500 meters above sea level. The highlands are covered in lush rainforest, which receives abundant rainfall throughout the year. This rainforest ecosystem supports a wide variety of plant and animal species, including endangered species such as the cassowary and the golden-shouldered parrot.

Cairns Airport (CNS)

Cairns Airport, officially known as Cairns International Airport, is the primary aviation facility serving the city of Cairns, Queensland, Australia. Located approximately 7 kilometers north of the city center, it is the seventh busiest airport in Australia based on passenger traffic.

Cairns Airport has one asphalt runway that measures 2,743 meters (8,999 feet) in length. It can accommodate a wide range of aircraft, including the Airbus A380. The airport features a modern terminal with a variety of amenities, including duty-free shops, restaurants, and bars. It also has a dedicated domestic and international terminal, making it convenient for both domestic and international travelers.

Cairns Airport offers a range of domestic and international flights to destinations throughout Australia, Asia, and the Pacific region. Popular destinations include Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Tokyo, Singapore, and Auckland. The airport serves as a gateway to the Great Barrier Reef, Daintree Rainforest, and other popular tourist attractions in the Cairns region.

History of Cairns

Cairns, a vibrant coastal city in Far North Queensland, Australia, boasts a rich and fascinating history. The area was originally inhabited by the Aboriginal Yidinji people for thousands of years before European settlement. In the mid-19th century, gold was discovered in the region, leading to a gold rush and the establishment of Cairns as a port town.

The city grew rapidly in the early 20th century as a major exporter of sugar, bananas, and minerals. During World War II, Cairns played a significant role as a base for the Allied forces in the Pacific Theater. In the post-war years, tourism emerged as a major industry, with Cairns becoming a gateway to the Great Barrier Reef and the tropical rainforests of the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area.

Geography and Climate

Cairns is situated on the northeastern coast of Australia, approximately 1,700 kilometers (1,060 miles) north of Brisbane. It is surrounded by lush rainforest, stunning beaches, and the majestic Coral Sea. The city enjoys a tropical climate with warm, humid temperatures year-round.

The average annual temperature in Cairns is around 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit), with little seasonal variation. The wet season, from December to April, brings heavy rainfall and occasional tropical cyclones. The dry season, from May to November, is characterized by warm, sunny days and cool nights. Cairns’ tropical climate and natural beauty have made it a popular destination for tourists seeking sun, sea, and adventure.