Butwal Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Nepal

Summer (March-May)

Butwal experiences a sweltering summer with average temperatures reaching a high of 35°C (95°F). The humidity levels are at their peak, making the heat feel even more oppressive. Rainfall is scarce during this time, with an average of only 50 mm (2 inches) of precipitation over the entire season. The intense heat can be uncomfortable and may lead to heat-related illnesses if precautions are not taken. It is advisable to stay hydrated, wear light-colored clothing, and seek shade during the hottest hours of the day.

Monsoon (June-September)

The monsoon season in Butwal brings abundant rainfall and a significant drop in temperatures. The city receives an average of 600 mm (24 inches) of precipitation during this time and experiences frequent heavy showers and thunderstorms. Temperatures range from a low of 22°C (72°F) to a high of 30°C (86°F), providing some relief from the summer heat. The high humidity and rainfall can create a favorable breeding ground for mosquitoes and other pests, so it is important to take precautions to prevent mosquito-borne diseases.

Summer Season

Butwal, Nepal, experiences distinct seasons, with summer being the hottest. The average temperature during the summer months (April to September) ranges between 20°C (68°F) and 35°C (95°F). The hottest months are May and June, when temperatures can soar to 40°C (104°F) or higher. The high temperatures are accompanied by high humidity, making the weather feel even more oppressive. However, the monsoon season, which typically runs from June to September, brings much-needed relief with heavy rainfall and cooler temperatures.

Winter Season

In contrast to the hot summers, Butwal’s winters (October to March) are mild to cold. The average temperature during these months ranges between 5°C (41°F) and 20°C (68°F). The coldest months are December and January, when temperatures can drop to near freezing. Although snowfall is rare in Butwal, it can sometimes occur in the nearby mountains. The winter season is generally dry, with little precipitation. However, occasional cold fronts can bring strong winds and rain, which can make the weather feel even colder.

Climate and Cloud Patterns

Butwal, Nepal exhibits a subtropical climate, characterized by warm, humid summers and mild, dry winters. The city experiences significant rainfall during the monsoon season, typically extending from June to September. During these months, thick, cumulonimbus clouds dominate the skies, bringing heavy downpours and occasional thunderstorms. The rainy season is vital for agriculture and replenishes water resources in the region.

Seasonal Variability

In the winter months, the skies become clearer, and the humidity decreases. Cirrus clouds, thin and wispy, are commonly observed during this time, indicating fair weather. Cumulus clouds, associated with rising air currents, are also prevalent during the early morning hours. As the day progresses, these clouds may evolve into cumulonimbus towers, bringing isolated showers or thunderstorms. However, the overall cloud cover is typically sparser, allowing for ample sunshine and pleasant temperatures.

Seasonal Patterns and Monsoon Influence

Butwal, Nepal experiences distinct seasonal variations in precipitation. During the dry season, which lasts from October to May, the region receives minimal rainfall. The monsoon season, from June to September, brings heavy rainfall, contributing significantly to the city’s annual precipitation totals. During this period, warm and moist air from the Bay of Bengal flows northward, leading to frequent thunderstorms and heavy downpours. The months of July and August typically receive the highest levels of precipitation.

Annual Distribution and Variability

Butwal’s annual precipitation typically ranges between 1500 and 2000 millimeters (59 and 79 inches). However, the city has experienced significant variability in precipitation over the years. In 2016, the region received an abnormally high amount of rainfall, resulting in flooding and landslides. Conversely, in 2018, Butwal experienced a severe drought, causing water shortages and crop damage. These fluctuations in precipitation highlight the need for water management strategies to mitigate the impacts of extreme weather events.

Rainfall Patterns

Butwal, Nepal experiences a subtropical monsoon climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season, from June to September, brings heavy rainfall due to the influence of the southwest monsoon winds. During this period, rainfall can be sporadic and intense, with thunderstorms and occasional flooding. The annual rainfall in Butwal averages around 2,000 millimeters (79 inches), with July being the wettest month.

Seasonal Variations

The dry season, from October to May, receives significantly less rainfall compared to the wet season. During this period, rainfall is mainly brought by occasional frontal systems or residual moisture from the monsoon. Winters can be dry and sunny, with little to no precipitation. Spring and fall experience transitional weather, with sporadic showers and thunderstorms. The variation in rainfall patterns throughout the year greatly influences the local agriculture and water resources in Butwal.

Historical Snowfall in Butwal:

Butwal, a low-lying city in southern Nepal, experienced an unprecedented snowfall on January 28, 2023. This was the first recorded snowfall in the city’s history, stunning residents and capturing global attention. The snow fell heavily for several hours, covering the city and its surroundings in a blanket of white. The unusual meteorological phenomenon was attributed to a rare interaction of cold air from the Himalayas with a moisture-rich system from the Bay of Bengal. The snowfall caused widespread disruption, with schools and businesses closed, and traffic brought to a standstill. However, the stunning beauty of the snow-covered landscape also brought joy and wonder to the people of Butwal.

Impact of the Snowfall:

The snowfall in Butwal had a significant impact on the city and its inhabitants. The sudden and heavy accumulation of snow caused damage to infrastructure, including power lines and communication networks. Many homes were left without electricity or internet service for several days. The disruption of transportation systems isolated the city, making it difficult for essential goods and services to reach residents. Additionally, the cold temperatures and slippery conditions posed risks to human health, with reports of frostbite and accidents. The snowfall also affected agriculture, damaging crops and livestock in the surrounding areas. Despite the challenges, the community came together to support each other, sharing food, shelter, and warmth during the extreme weather event.

Sunrise and Sunset Times

Butwal, Nepal, experiences varying sunrise and sunset times throughout the year. The earliest sunrise occurs around 5:30 AM during the summer solstice in mid-June, while the latest sunset happens close to 7:00 PM in late December. These timings gradually shift by a few minutes each day, resulting in longer or shorter daylight hours depending on the season.

Temperature Variations

The sun plays a significant role in determining Butwal’s temperature variations. During the summer months (March to September), temperatures can reach up to 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit) in the afternoons. However, the nights remain relatively cool, with temperatures dropping to around 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit). In contrast, winter temperatures (October to February) typically hover around 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit) during the day and can drop below 5 degrees Celsius (41 degrees Fahrenheit) at night.

Phases of the Moon in Butwal, Nepal

Butwal, a city in southwestern Nepal, experiences a wide range of moon phases throughout the year. The most prominent phases are the new moon, full moon, first quarter, and third quarter. The new moon occurs when the moon is in between the Earth and the sun, rendering it invisible from Earth. The full moon occurs when the moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the sun, causing it to appear as a bright, circular disk in the night sky. The first quarter occurs when the moon is one-quarter of the way through its orbit around the Earth, while the third quarter occurs when it is three-quarters of the way through.

Influence on Local Culture

The phases of the moon have a significant influence on local culture and traditions in Butwal. The full moon is considered a time of celebration and festivity, with many cultural events and gatherings taking place under the bright moonlight. Farmers also rely on the lunar cycle to determine the best time to plant and harvest crops, as the moon’s gravitational pull affects the tides and soil moisture. Additionally, the moon plays an important role in religious ceremonies and rituals, with astrologers and spiritual practitioners consulting the lunar calendar to determine auspicious and inauspicious days.

Seasonal Humidity Variations

Butwal’s humidity levels fluctuate significantly throughout the year. During the monsoon season, which extends from June to September, humidity soars to an average of 80-90%. This high moisture content creates a sweltering and oppressive atmosphere, making outdoor activities challenging. In contrast, during the winter months (November to February), humidity drops considerably, averaging around 30-40%. The drier air during this time makes it more comfortable to be outdoors and engage in various activities.

Diurnal Humidity Patterns

In addition to seasonal variations, Butwal also experiences distinct diurnal humidity patterns. Humidity levels are generally higher in the morning, reaching a peak around sunrise. As the day progresses and the sun rises higher in the sky, temperatures increase, causing the air to hold more moisture. This leads to a gradual increase in humidity throughout the morning. In the afternoon, humidity levels start to decline as temperatures reach their peak. By evening, humidity has typically dropped back to its morning levels.

Seasonal Wind Patterns

The wind patterns in Butwal, Nepal, are primarily influenced by the monsoon winds. During the summer monsoon (June-September), the prevailing winds blow from the southwest, bringing warm and humid air from the Indian Ocean. These winds bring abundant rainfall to the region, making it the wettest season of the year. During the winter monsoon (December-February), the winds shift to the northeast, bringing cold and dry air from the Tibetan Plateau. This season is characterized by clear skies and relatively low humidity.

Wind Speed and Direction

The wind speed in Butwal varies throughout the year, with stronger winds occurring during the monsoon seasons. The average wind speed during the summer monsoon is around 10-15 kilometers per hour (6-9 miles per hour), while during the winter monsoon, it drops to around 5-10 kilometers per hour (3-6 miles per hour). The wind direction is also consistent with the monsoon patterns, with the winds blowing from the southwest during the summer monsoon and from the northeast during the winter monsoon.

Autumn (September to November):

Autumn is an ideal time to visit Butwal for several reasons. The weather during this season is pleasant and temperate, with average temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C. The skies are generally clear and sunny, allowing you to enjoy outdoor activities and soak up the natural beauty of the region. Furthermore, the harvesting season brings an abundance of fresh fruits and vegetables, making it an excellent time for culinary experiences and visiting local markets.

Winter (December to February):

While the winter months in Butwal can be slightly chilly, they offer a different perspective on the city. The temperatures typically range from 5°C to 15°C, and the skies are often clear and crisp. This season provides opportunities for hiking in the nearby hills and exploring the surrounding countryside. Additionally, the winter festivals, such as Lohsar and Maghe Sankranti, add a festive atmosphere to the city, allowing you to experience the cultural traditions of the local communities.

Solar Energy Potential in Butwal, Nepal

Butwal, a rapidly growing city located in the Lumbini Province of Nepal, holds significant potential for solar energy development. With an abundance of sunshine throughout the year, the city receives approximately 2,800 sunshine hours annually. This makes it an ideal location for harnessing solar energy, which can contribute to meeting the city’s growing energy demand and reducing its reliance on traditional fossil fuels.

The Government of Nepal has recognized the potential of solar energy and has set ambitious targets for its deployment. In line with these goals, Butwal has taken steps to promote solar energy adoption. The city has introduced various incentives and subsidies to encourage the installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in both residential and commercial buildings. Additionally, the government has provided financial support for the establishment of solar power plants in the region.

Butwal Valley

Butwal is situated in the Butwal Valley, a fertile and well-drained alluvial plain formed by the confluence of the Tinau and Daunagadhi rivers. The valley lies at the southern foothills of the Mahabharat Range, with the Siwalik Hills marking its northern boundary. The valley is characterized by flat, gently sloping land, with occasional hills and low ridges. The elevation of the valley ranges from 120 meters (394 feet) in the south to 450 meters (1,476 feet) in the north. The valley’s fertile soil and abundant water resources make it a significant agricultural region, particularly for rice, sugarcane, and wheat cultivation.

Surrounding Mountains

The Mahabharat Range forms a prominent geological feature to the north of Butwal. The range, a sub-Himalayan belt, is composed of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The highest peaks in the Mahabharat Range near Butwal include Singachuli (1,748 meters/5,735 feet) and Palpa Danda (1,676 meters/5,500 feet). These mountains provide a scenic backdrop to the valley and are popular destinations for hiking and trekking. The Siwalik Hills, a lower range of foothills, run parallel to the Mahabharat Range and mark the southern boundary of the Butwal Valley. These hills are composed primarily of sandstone and conglomerate and are characterized by steep slopes and narrow valleys.

Gautam Buddha Airport (BWA)

Gautam Buddha Airport (BWA), also known as Butwal Airport, is the nearest airport to Butwal, Nepal. It is located approximately 8 kilometers (5 miles) from the city center and is the second-largest domestic airport in Nepal. The airport operates flights to and from major cities in Nepal, including Kathmandu, Pokhara, and Bharatpur. It also offers international flights to Lucknow and Varanasi in India. Gautam Buddha Airport has a single runway, which is 1,500 meters (4,921 feet) long. The airport is undergoing a major expansion project, which is expected to be completed in 2023. The expansion project will include the construction of a new runway and a new terminal building.

Other Nearby Airports

In addition to Gautam Buddha Airport, there are two other airports located within a reasonable driving distance of Butwal. Bhairahawa Airport (BWA) is located approximately 18 kilometers (11 miles) from the city center. The airport operates flights to and from Kathmandu and Pokhara. Nepalgunj Airport (KEP) is located approximately 120 kilometers (75 miles) from the city center. The airport operates flights to and from Kathmandu and Dhangadhi.

History and Significance of Butwal, Nepal

Butwal, a vibrant city nestled in the Lumbini Zone of western Nepal, boasts a rich history dating back to ancient times. The area was once home to the Sakya clan, whose patriarch, Gautam Buddha, was born just a few kilometers away in Lumbini. Butwal’s strategic location at the confluence of the Tinau and Butwal rivers has made it a significant hub for trade and commerce throughout its history. In recent times, Butwal has emerged as a major industrial and educational center, attracting people from all over Nepal and beyond.

Cultural Heritage and Tourism in Butwal

Butwal is renowned for its diverse cultural heritage, a blend of indigenous Tharu traditions and influences from neighboring India. The city is home to numerous temples, monasteries, and historical sites that reflect its rich spiritual and cultural legacy. The Tilaurakot Archaeological Site, located just outside Butwal, is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its ancient Buddhist remains. Butwal is also a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors with its serene landscapes, lush forests, and proximity to the breathtaking Himalayas. The nearby Butwal Lumbini Cable Car offers panoramic views of the region, making it an unforgettable experience for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers alike.