Bursa Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Turkey

Summer

Bursa’s summers are hot and humid, with average temperatures in the mid-20s to low 30s degrees Celsius (70s to low 90s degrees Fahrenheit). The hottest months are July and August, when temperatures can reach up to 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit). However, the humidity can make it feel even hotter, so it’s important to stay hydrated and avoid spending too much time outdoors during the hottest hours of the day.

Winter

Winters in Bursa are cold and wet, with average temperatures in the low single digits degrees Celsius (30s degrees Fahrenheit). Snow is common from December to March, and the city can experience heavy snowfall at times. Temperatures can occasionally drop below freezing, so it’s important to dress warmly when venturing outdoors. The cold and damp weather can also make it difficult to get around, so it’s a good idea to plan ahead and allow extra time for travel.

Average Monthly Temperatures

Bursa, Turkey experiences a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The average monthly temperatures throughout the year are as follows:

January: 4-6°C (39-43°F)
February: 5-7°C (41-45°F)
March: 7-10°C (45-50°F)
April: 10-14°C (50-57°F)
May: 14-18°C (57-64°F)
June: 18-22°C (64-72°F)
July: 22-26°C (72-79°F)
August: 22-26°C (72-79°F)
September: 18-22°C (64-72°F)
October: 14-18°C (57-64°F)
November: 10-14°C (50-57°F)
December: 6-8°C (43-46°F)

Seasonal Variations

The warmest months in Bursa are July and August, with average temperatures reaching up to 26°C (79°F). The coldest months are January and February, with average temperatures falling to around 5°C (41°F).

During the summer months, Bursa experiences long hours of sunshine and clear skies. Rain is infrequent, but occasional thunderstorms may occur. The winter months are characterized by cloudy skies and frequent precipitation, with snowfall possible in the higher elevations.

Cloud Formation in Bursa, Turkey

Bursa’s geographical location and climate significantly influence the formation of clouds. Situated in northwestern Turkey, Bursa experiences a temperate maritime climate characterized by mild winters and warm summers. The city is located in a mountainous region with the Uludağ Mountains to the south, which play a crucial role in cloud formation.

As moist air from the Mediterranean Sea rises and encounters the cooler temperatures in the higher elevations of Uludağ, it condenses, forming clouds. The type of clouds that form depends on the temperature and humidity of the air mass. During the summer, convective clouds known as cumulus and cumulonimbus are common, often developing into thunderstorms. In the winter, stable conditions favor the formation of stratus and stratocumulus clouds, which can bring persistent drizzle or light snowfall.

Seasonal Precipitation Patterns

Bursa, Turkey, experiences a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Rainfall is predominantly influenced by the proximity to the Sea of Marmara and the topography of the region. During the summer months (June-August), precipitation is scarce, with an average of less than 2 inches (50 mm) per month. However, as the Mediterranean low-pressure system intensifies in autumn, rainfall increases significantly. Winter months (December-February) receive the highest precipitation, averaging over 4 inches (100 mm) per month, with frequent storms and occasional snowfall at higher elevations.

Annual Precipitation Variability

The annual precipitation in Bursa exhibits considerable variability from year to year. Over the past decade, the average annual precipitation has ranged from 25 inches (635 mm) to 45 inches (1143 mm). The variability is primarily driven by the strength and position of the Mediterranean low-pressure system, which can bring periods of heavy rainfall or extended dry spells. Additionally, local topography plays a role, with higher elevations receiving more precipitation due to orographic lift as moist air rises and cools, leading to condensation and subsequent precipitation.

Rainfall Patterns in Bursa, Turkey

Bursa, Turkey, experiences a temperate climate with significant rainfall throughout the year. The city receives an average annual precipitation of approximately 1,000 mm (39 inches). Rainfall is fairly evenly distributed over the year, with slightly higher amounts in the winter and spring. During these seasons, the prevailing Westerlies bring moisture from the Atlantic Ocean, which condenses and releases precipitation over the region. In contrast, summers tend to be drier, as the influence of the dry continental air mass from Asia diminishes the likelihood of rainfall.

Seasonal Variations in Rainfall

The wettest months in Bursa are typically November and December, which receive an average of 125 mm (5 inches) of rainfall each. During this period, the city experiences prolonged periods of steady precipitation, often accompanied by fog and low cloud cover. The driest month is July, with an average rainfall of only 25 mm (1 inch). This is due to the dominance of the subtropical high-pressure system, which brings clear skies and stable atmospheric conditions. Interestingly, the rainfall pattern in Bursa exhibits a bimodal distribution, with peaks in both winter and spring. This is attributed to the interaction between the Westerlies and the Asian continental air mass, which creates a convergence zone that enhances precipitation.

Causes of Snowfall in Bursa, Turkey

The snowfall in Bursa, Turkey, is influenced by several geographical and meteorological factors. Situated at the foot of Uludağ Mountain, Bursa is exposed to cold air masses originating from the north and northwest. These air masses encounter the warm, moist air rising from the Marmara Sea, leading to condensation and the formation of clouds. As the air ascends the mountain slopes, it cools further, causing the moisture to crystallize and fall as snow. Additionally, the topography of the city, with its valleys and ridges, creates microclimates that contribute to localized variations in snowfall patterns.

Impact of Snowfall on Bursa

Snowfall in Bursa brings both benefits and challenges to the city. On the one hand, the snow provides a picturesque landscape, attracting tourists and creating opportunities for winter sports such as skiing and snowboarding. The snow also replenishes water resources and contributes to the agricultural productivity of the region. On the other hand, heavy snowfall can cause transportation disruptions, power outages, and accidents. Road closures and delays can hinder daily commutes and economic activities. The weight of the snow can also damage buildings and vegetation. Therefore, effective snow management and infrastructure development are crucial to mitigate these negative impacts and maximize the benefits of snowfall.

Sunrise and Sunset in Bursa:

The Sun’s daily journey in Bursa begins with a picturesque sunrise. As darkness gradually fades, the sky transforms into a vibrant canvas of hues, ranging from soft pinks and oranges to fiery reds. The iconic Mount Uludağ, towering over the city, provides a breathtaking backdrop for this celestial spectacle. As the Sun breaks the horizon, it casts a warm glow upon Bursa’s historic landmarks, casting an ethereal beauty upon the city’s ancient mosques, bustling markets, and verdant parks.

Sunlight Hours in Bursa:

Bursa enjoys ample sunlight throughout the year, with an average of 7-8 hours of daylight during winter months and up to 15 hours during summer. The Sun’s radiant beams illuminate the city, providing a perfect opportunity to explore its many attractions. Visitors can bask in the warmth of the sunlight as they stroll along the cobblestone streets of the old city, marvel at the architectural wonders of the Grand Mosque, or venture into the surrounding countryside for scenic hikes. During the summer months, the Sun’s extended presence allows for extended outdoor activities, creating a vibrant and lively atmosphere in Bursa.

Observing the Moon from Bursa

Bursa, a picturesque city nestled at the foot of Mount Uludağ in Turkey, offers prime conditions for lunar observations due to its clear night skies and minimal light pollution. The city’s altitude, approximately 400 meters above sea level, provides an unobstructed view of the celestial sphere. From Bursa, observers can witness the full spectrum of lunar phases, from the ethereal sliver of the new moon to the dazzling disk of the full moon.

Using binoculars or a small telescope, moon observers in Bursa can explore the lunar surface in great detail. Craters, mountains, and valleys become visible, revealing the moon’s intricate geological history. The Sea of Tranquility, where Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin made their historic landing in 1969, is a popular destination for lunar observers. Additionally, the city’s strategic location near the equator allows for observations of both the northern and southern lunar hemispheres, providing a comprehensive view of our celestial neighbor.

Monthly Humidity Levels

Bursa, Turkey experiences a wide range of humidity levels throughout the year, influenced by its location and climate. During the summer months (June to September), humidity levels are typically high due to the warm and moist air masses that dominate the region. Average relative humidity values during this period often exceed 60%, creating a muggy and uncomfortable atmosphere.

In contrast, winter months (December to February) bring lower humidity levels to Bursa. The cold air masses and frequent precipitation associated with this season result in average relative humidity values below 50%. As a result, the air feels drier and less humid during these months, providing relief from the summer’s sticky conditions.

Seasonal Variability

Humidity levels in Bursa exhibit significant seasonal variability. The driest period of the year typically occurs in February, with average relative humidity values around 45-50%. Conversely, the most humid period occurs in August, when average relative humidity can reach 70% or higher. This wide range in humidity levels throughout the year influences various aspects of daily life in Bursa, from outdoor comfort to indoor air quality.

Wind Patterns

Bursa, a northwestern city in Turkey, experiences a distinct wind regime influenced by its unique topography and proximity to the Sea of Marmara. The prevailing wind direction in Bursa is from the northeast, with speeds ranging from moderate to strong. These winds are primarily driven by the pressure gradient between the relatively high-pressure system over northern Turkey and the low-pressure system over the Sea of Marmara.

During the summer months, Bursa also experiences a significant land-sea breeze circulation. During the day, when the land surface heats up faster than the sea surface, a weak wind blows from the cooler sea towards the warmer land. At night, the reverse occurs, with a land breeze flowing from the cooler land towards the warmer sea. The strength of this breeze circulation is typically greatest in the evening and weakest in the morning.

Local Winds

In addition to the prevailing winds and the land-sea breeze circulation, Bursa is also affected by several local wind patterns. These include the “Yalova” wind, which brings cool and humid air from the southeastern Balkans, and the “Eğrigöz” wind, which descends from the Uludağ mountain and contributes to the city’s renowned cooler summer temperatures. These local winds can significantly impact the local climate and weather patterns, providing relief from the summer heat and shaping the overall character of Bursa’s wind environment.

Best Time to Visit for Pleasant Weather:

The ideal time to visit Bursa for pleasant weather is during the shoulder seasons, which fall between April and May and September and October. During these months, temperatures are generally mild and comfortable, ranging from around 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). Visitors can enjoy warm, sunny days perfect for exploring the city’s historic sites and beautiful surroundings. Rain is infrequent during these seasons, providing ample opportunities for outdoor activities and sightseeing.

Best Time to Visit for Scenic Beauty:

If you prioritize scenic beauty, visit Bursa during the spring months, particularly in April and May. This is when the city comes alive with a vibrant display of colors as flowers bloom in abundance. The Uludag Mountains, which provide a stunning backdrop to the city, are also at their most picturesque during this time, with lush greenery and cascading waterfalls. The weather remains pleasant, with warm temperatures and occasional showers, creating a perfect setting for nature enthusiasts and photographers alike.

Solar Energy Potential

Bursa, a bustling metropolis in northwestern Turkey, possesses abundant solar energy potential. Its strategic location boasts an average of over 3,000 sunshine hours annually, with clear skies prevalent throughout the year. This substantial solar irradiance provides a promising foundation for harnessing solar power as a sustainable energy solution.

Current Developments and Future Prospects

In recent years, Bursa has witnessed a surge in solar energy development. Several large-scale solar power plants have been commissioned, and numerous smaller-scale installations are emerging at homes and businesses. The city has established a favorable policy environment for solar energy, offering incentives to encourage its adoption. With ongoing advancements in solar technology and the growing demand for renewable energy, Bursa is poised to further expand its solar energy infrastructure and become a significant hub for solar power generation in Turkey.

General Topography

Bursa is characterized by a diverse topography. The city lies at the foot of Mount Uludağ (Olympos), the highest mountain in northwestern Turkey. The mountain’s rugged slopes provide a dramatic backdrop to the city and offer opportunities for winter sports. The surrounding region is a blend of mountains, valleys, and plains. The fertile plains along the Gemlik Bay and the Marmara Sea provide a favorable environment for agriculture.

Urban Landscape

Within the city limits, the topography is more varied. The historical center of Bursa, known as Osmangazi, is situated on a series of hills. This hilly terrain has shaped the urban landscape and contributed to the city’s picturesque character. The neighborhoods of Osmangazi are connected by narrow streets and steep inclines, providing panoramic views of the city. The newer parts of Bursa, especially in the Nilüfer and Yıldırım districts, are located on flatter land and feature more modern architecture and wider roads.

Yenisehir Airport (YEI)

Yenisehir Airport (YEI) is the nearest airport to Bursa, Turkey, situated approximately 40 kilometers (25 miles) southeast of the city center. The airport serves domestic flights to major cities such as Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir, as well as international flights to select destinations in Europe and the Middle East. Airlines operating from YEI include Turkish Airlines, Pegasus Airlines, and SunExpress. The airport features a single terminal with modern amenities, including a duty-free shop, restaurants, and currency exchange services. Passengers can reach Bursa from YEI via public buses, taxis, or private airport transfers.

Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen Airport (SAW)

Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen Airport (SAW), approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles) west of Bursa, is another option for air travel. SAW is Istanbul’s secondary airport and offers a wider range of domestic and international flights than YEI. Major airlines such as Pegasus Airlines, Turkish Airlines, and AnadoluJet operate from SAW, providing connections to destinations worldwide. The airport is accessible by bus, train, or ferry from Bursa, with a travel time of approximately 2-3 hours. SAW features an extensive terminal with a variety of facilities, including duty-free shopping, dining options, and currency exchange counters.

Historical Significance

Bursa, a captivating city nestled at the foot of Mount Uludağ in northwestern Turkey, played a pivotal role in the Ottoman Empire’s ascent to grandeur. Founded in the 14th century, it served as the empire’s first capital before Istanbul. Bursa bears witness to the empire’s architectural and cultural legacy, with magnificent mosques, mausoleums, and baths. The UNESCO World Heritage-listed Green Mosque and the Great Mosque are architectural marvels showcasing exquisite tilework, intricate carvings, and soaring domes. The city’s historic Silk Market, once a bustling hub of trade, now offers a glimpse into its economic past.

Modern-Day Attractions

Beyond its historical charm, Bursa offers a range of contemporary attractions. The Teleferik cable car whisks visitors up Mount Uludağ, providing breathtaking panoramic views of the city and surrounding mountains. For a serene escape, the Muradiye Complex offers a tranquil oasis with its lush gardens, serene mosque, and thermal baths. The city’s vibrant markets, such as the Koza Han, invite shoppers to browse an array of local crafts, textiles, and delicacies. Bursa’s renowned Turkish delight is a culinary must-try, available in a tantalizing assortment of flavors and textures.