Bongaigaon Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – India

Hot Summer and Humid Monsoon Season (March-October)

Bongaigaon experiences a hot and humid summer season from March to June, with temperatures consistently exceeding 35°C (95°F). In May, the average temperature peaks at around 37°C (99°F). The monsoon season sets in during June and lasts until October, bringing heavy rainfall and high humidity levels. The city receives over 2,400 mm (95 inches) of annual precipitation, with most of it occurring during the monsoon.

Mild Winters and Pleasantly Warm Days (November-February)

From November to February, Bongaigaon enjoys a mild winter season. Temperatures drop significantly compared to the summer months, with maximums hovering around 25°C (77°F). January is the coldest month, with temperatures averaging between 14°C (57°F) and 23°C (73°F). Days are generally warm and pleasant, while nights can get slightly chilly. Humidity levels are relatively low during this period, making the weather more comfortable.

Seasonal Variations and Annual Temperature

Bongaigaon, situated in the northeastern Indian state of Assam, experiences a distinct seasonal pattern in its temperature. The summer months (March to May) are characterized by hot and humid conditions, with average temperatures ranging from 28°C to 35°C. During the monsoon season (June to September), heavy rainfall brings down the temperatures slightly, with averages around 25-30°C. Winter temperatures (November to February) drop significantly, ranging from 12-20°C, providing a respite from the summer heat.

Climatic Factors Influencing Temperature

The average annual temperature in Bongaigaon is approximately 25°C. Several factors influence this temperature pattern, including the region’s proximity to the Himalayas, which act as a barrier to cold winds from the north. Additionally, the presence of the Brahmaputra River moderates temperatures by absorbing and releasing heat, contributing to the city’s relatively stable temperatures throughout the year. The lack of significant altitude variations within Bongaigaon also helps to maintain a uniform temperature distribution across the region.

Cloud Characteristics

Bongaigaon, a picturesque city in Assam, India, is known for its diverse cloud formations. The region experiences a humid subtropical climate, which creates favorable conditions for cloud development throughout the year. During the monsoon season (June to September), the sky is often adorned with dense cumulonimbus clouds that bring heavy rainfall. These towering clouds are characterized by their anvil-shaped tops and can produce dramatic lightning and thunder.

During the winter months (November to March), the skies of Bongaigaon are typically clear with occasional high-altitude cirrus clouds. These thin, wispy clouds are composed of ice crystals and often shimmer in the sunlight. In the spring and autumn seasons (April to May and October to November), the cloud cover is more variable, featuring a mix of cumulus, stratus, and stratocumulus clouds. Cumulus clouds are puffy and detached, while stratus clouds form a uniform layer covering the entire sky. Stratocumulus clouds are a combination of the two, appearing as a layer of flat-based clouds with rounded tops.

Annual Precipitation

Bongaigaon, located in the northeastern Indian state of Assam, experiences a humid subtropical climate. The annual precipitation in the city averages approximately 2,500 millimeters, making it one of the wettest regions in the country. The majority of the rainfall occurs during the monsoon season, which typically lasts from June to September. During this period, heavy and prolonged rainfall is common, often leading to flooding and other weather-related hazards.

Seasonal Distribution

The distribution of precipitation throughout the year in Bongaigaon is highly seasonal. The wettest months are typically June, July, and August, when monthly rainfall often exceeds 300 millimeters. During the winter months of December and January, rainfall is typically less than 10 millimeters per month. This pronounced seasonality is largely driven by the prevailing wind patterns and the influence of the Indian Ocean monsoon system. The southwest monsoon winds, which carry moisture from the ocean, bring heavy rainfall to the region during the summer months.

Seasonal Rainfall Patterns

Bongaigaon, located in the northeastern state of Assam, India, experiences distinct seasonal rainfall patterns. During the monsoon season, which spans from June to September, heavy rainfall is prevalent due to the influence of the southwest monsoon winds. These winds carry moisture from the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, leading to abundant precipitation in the region. The average annual rainfall in Bongaigaon during this period is approximately 2,200 millimeters (86 inches), contributing to the lush vegetation and fertile agricultural lands that characterize the area.

Variability and Extreme Events

The rainfall pattern in Bongaigaon, while generally consistent, exhibits inter-annual variability due to fluctuations in monsoon strength and the influence of climate change. In recent years, the region has witnessed an increase in the intensity of rainfall during the monsoon season, leading to occasional flash floods and landslides. Additionally, extreme weather events, such as cyclones and thunderstorms, can also contribute to intense rainfall and localized flooding. Understanding these rainfall variations is crucial for effective water management, disaster preparedness, and agricultural planning in Bongaigaon.

Unprecedented Snowfall in Bongaigaon

On January 14, 2023, the northeastern Indian city of Bongaigaon witnessed an extraordinary snowfall, a rare event in the region. The city, which usually experiences mild winters, was covered in a blanket of white, with snow accumulating up to several inches deep. The snowfall, the heaviest in decades, brought life to a standstill, disrupting traffic and causing widespread power outages. Schools and offices were closed as residents struggled to cope with the unexpected winter weather.

Causes and Impact of the Snowfall

The snowfall was attributed to an unseasonal cold wave that swept across northern India, driven by a powerful Western Disturbance. The cold wave brought freezing temperatures and strong winds to the region, resulting in heavy precipitation in the form of snow. The snowfall in Bongaigaon was particularly intense due to its proximity to the Himalayas, which acted as a barrier to the cold air, causing it to accumulate in the city. The snowfall had significant impacts on the local ecosystem, agriculture, and infrastructure. Farmers reported crop damage, while authorities scrambled to clear roads and restore electricity. However, the snowfall also brought a sense of awe and wonder to the residents, who enjoyed the rare opportunity to experience a winter wonderland in their city.

Sunrise and Sunset Times

The Sun’s position in Bongaigaon, India, varies throughout the year due to the Earth’s tilt and orbit. The sunrise and sunset times change daily, with the longest day being around June 21st and the shortest around December 21st. During the summer months, the Sun rises earlier and sets later, resulting in longer daylight hours. Conversely, during the winter months, the Sun rises later and sets earlier, leading to shorter daylight hours.

Sunlight Exposure

The amount of sunlight exposure in Bongaigaon is abundant throughout the year. The city receives an average of 2,500 sunshine hours annually. However, during the monsoon season (June-September), cloud cover and rainfall can reduce sunlight exposure. On a clear day, the Sun’s intensity peaks around noon, casting strong ultraviolet (UV) rays. Adequate protection from the Sun’s harmful rays is recommended, especially during the summer months, to prevent sunburn and other sun-related health issues.

Lunar Observations in Bongaigaon, India

Bongaigaon, a city located in the northeastern Indian state of Assam, provides an excellent location for observing celestial bodies. The city’s clear night skies make it an ideal spot for stargazing and lunar observations. The moon is a particularly fascinating object to observe, as it changes its appearance throughout the month.

During the new moon phase, the moon is not visible from Bongaigaon. As the moon waxes, it gradually becomes more visible as a crescent. The first quarter moon appears half-illuminated, while the full moon is fully visible. As the moon wanes, it gradually loses its illumination until it disappears again during the new moon phase.

Seasonal Variations in Humidity

Bongaigaon experiences significant seasonal variations in humidity levels. The monsoon season, extending from June to September, brings heavy rainfall and high humidity. During this period, relative humidity levels routinely exceed 80%, creating a muggy and oppressive atmosphere. The air becomes saturated with moisture, leading to frequent showers and thunderstorms.

Annual Trends and Extreme Conditions

Throughout the year, Bongaigaon’s average annual humidity ranges between 65% and 75%. However, extreme humidity levels do occasionally occur. During the hot summer months, particularly in May and June, humidity can spike above 90%, resulting in extreme discomfort and heat stress. Conversely, during the winter season, humidity levels can drop to as low as 40%, contributing to dry skin and respiratory issues.

Wind Speed and Direction in Bongaigaon, India

Bongaigaon, a city in Assam, India, experiences distinct seasonal variations in wind patterns. During the summer months (April-June), the prevailing wind direction is from the southwest, bringing warm and humid air from the Bay of Bengal. These winds are associated with frequent thunderstorms and rainfall. The wind speeds during this period typically range between 10-15 kilometers per hour (km/h).

In contrast, during the winter months (October-February), the wind direction shifts to the northeast, bringing dry and cold air from the Himalayas. These winds are often accompanied by clear skies and reduced visibility due to fog. The wind speeds during this period are typically lower, ranging from 5-10 km/h.

October to March: The Cool and Comfortable Season

Autumn and winter (October to March) are considered the best time to visit Bongaigaon. During this period, the weather is pleasant with moderate temperatures, making it ideal for outdoor activities and sightseeing. The average temperature ranges from 15°C to 25°C, offering a comfortable climate for exploring the city’s temples, parks, and natural landscapes. This season also coincides with the vibrant cultural festivals and events held in Bongaigaon, adding an extra layer of excitement to your visit.

June to September: The Monsoon Season

The monsoon season in Bongaigaon typically lasts from June to September. While the heavy rainfall can sometimes disrupt outdoor activities, it also brings lush greenery and a different kind of beauty to the region. The monsoon showers replenish the water bodies, making it an excellent time to witness the natural beauty of the surroundings. However, it’s important to note that transportation may be affected during the peak monsoon months, and visitors should plan accordingly.

Status and Potential of Solar Energy in Bongaigaon

Bongaigaon district in Assam, India, has significant potential for solar energy development. The district receives ample sunshine throughout the year, with an average daily solar insolation of 4.7-5.2 kWh/m2. This makes solar power a viable and sustainable energy option for Bongaigaon. The district has already witnessed the installation of several solar projects, including rooftop solar systems and solar farms. The total installed solar capacity in Bongaigaon currently stands at approximately 12 MW.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite its potential, the development of solar energy in Bongaigaon faces certain challenges. One major constraint is the lack of infrastructure for grid-connected solar projects. The district needs to invest in transmission and distribution networks to facilitate the integration of solar power into the grid. Additionally, the high upfront costs associated with solar installations can be a barrier for many potential investors. However, the government of Assam has implemented various incentives and subsidies to encourage solar energy adoption, such as net metering policies and capital subsidies. These measures aim to make solar power more affordable and accessible for businesses and households in Bongaigaon.

Geographic Location and Topography:

Bongaigaon, situated in the northeastern region of Assam, India, is known for its flat and fertile landscape. The district is primarily composed of alluvium deposited by the mighty Brahmaputra River, which flows along its northern border. The land is characterized by a series of low hills and floodplains, with the highest point being the Bongaigaon Hill at 269 feet above sea level. Due to its proximity to the river, the district is frequently subject to flooding during the monsoon season.

Rivers and Waterbodies:

Besides the Brahmaputra, several other rivers crisscross the district, including the Darranga, Noa, and Tangani. These rivers have played a crucial role in shaping the topography of Bongaigaon, creating numerous wetlands and marshes. The largest freshwater lake in the district is the Manas Lake, situated in the western part. The lake is home to diverse flora and fauna, including several endangered species. Overall, the presence of abundant water resources in Bongaigaon contributes significantly to its agricultural productivity and biodiversity.

Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport (GAU), Guwahati

The nearest airport to Bongaigaon, Assam, India, is Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport (GAU) in Guwahati. It is approximately 145 kilometers (90 miles) from Bongaigaon and is well-connected by road and rail transportation. GAU is the primary airport serving the northeastern states of India, handling both domestic and international flights. It has a modern terminal with state-of-the-art facilities that cater to the needs of travelers.

Travel Options from GAU to Bongaigaon

There are several convenient transportation options available to travel from Guwahati Airport (GAU) to Bongaigaon. Visitors can take a taxi or rent a car for a comfortable door-to-door journey, which takes approximately 3-4 hours. Alternatively, there are regular bus services operated by the Assam State Transport Corporation (ASTC) that depart from the airport to Bongaigaon. The bus journey takes slightly longer, around 4-5 hours, but is a more economical option. Additionally, one can also board a train from Guwahati Railway Station to Bongaigaon Railway Station, with a travel time of approximately 3-4 hours.

Demographics and Culture

Bongaigaon in India is a vibrant city located in the state of Assam. The population of Bongaigaon is approximately 120,000, comprising a diverse mix of ethnic groups including Assamese, Bengalis, and Bodos. The official language of the city is Assamese, but Hindi, Bengali, and English are also widely spoken. Bongaigaon is known for its rich cultural heritage, influenced by its blend of Assamese, Bengali, and tribal traditions. The city is home to several cultural centers, temples, and mosques, which reflect the religious diversity of the population.

Infrastructure and Economic Activities

Bongaigaon has a well-developed infrastructure that supports its economic and social growth. The city is connected to major cities in the region by road and rail networks. It also has an airport, the Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, which provides domestic and international flights. The economy of Bongaigaon is primarily driven by the agricultural sector, with rice, jute, and tea being the main crops. The city is also a hub for industries such as oil, gas, and tourism. Bongaigaon is home to several educational institutions, including the Bongaigaon College and the Assam Agricultural University. The city’s healthcare system is well-developed, with several hospitals and medical centers providing quality medical care to the population.