Bima Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Indonesia

Temperature

Bima, Indonesia enjoys a tropical climate with consistent temperatures throughout the year. The average temperature hovers around 27°C (80.6°F), with only slight variations between seasons. The warmest months are December and January, when temperatures can reach up to 32°C (89.6°F). July and August are the coolest months, but temperatures rarely dip below 23°C (73.4°F). The humidity levels are generally high, ranging from 70% to 90%, making the air feel warmer than the actual temperature.

Rainfall and Humidity

Bima experiences distinct wet and dry seasons. The rainy season typically spans from October to April, with peak precipitation occurring in December and January. During this period, heavy rainfall and occasional thunderstorms are common. The dry season, from May to September, is characterized by less rainfall and increased sunshine. However, occasional showers can still occur during this time. The average annual rainfall in Bima is approximately 2,500 mm (98.4 inches). The humidity levels remain high throughout the year, creating a muggy and tropical atmosphere.

Annual Temperature Trends

Bima, Indonesia, experiences a tropical climate with consistently warm temperatures throughout the year. The average annual temperature is a comfortable 27 degrees Celsius (81 degrees Fahrenheit). The hottest months are October to April, with an average temperature ranging from 28 to 30 degrees Celsius (82 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit). During these months, the humidity is typically high, making the heat feel even more intense.

Seasonal Variations

The cooler months in Bima are May to September, when the average temperature drops to around 26 degrees Celsius (79 degrees Fahrenheit). This period coincides with the monsoon season, bringing heavy rainfall to the region. While the rainfall can provide some relief from the heat, it also leads to high humidity, which can make it feel muggy and uncomfortable. During this time, it is not uncommon for temperatures to fluctuate significantly, with cooler mornings and evenings giving way to warmer afternoons.

Types of Clouds in Bima, Indonesia

Bima, Indonesia is home to a variety of cloud formations due to its tropical climate and proximity to the ocean. One common type of cloud is the cumulus cloud, characterized by its fluffy, white appearance. These clouds are often seen during the daytime and can indicate fair weather. Another type of cloud found in Bima is the cirrus cloud. Cirrus clouds are high-altitude clouds that appear thin and wispy. They are composed of ice crystals and are often seen on clear evenings.

Significance of Clouds in Bima, Indonesia

Clouds play a significant role in the local climate and ecosystem of Bima, Indonesia. They provide shade from the sun and help to regulate temperature. Clouds also contribute to the formation of rain, which is essential for agriculture and the survival of the local flora and fauna. The presence of clouds can also affect the intensity of sunlight, which can impact the growth of plants and the overall productivity of the ecosystem. Observing and understanding cloud patterns can provide valuable insights into the weather conditions and forecast upcoming weather events.

Annual Precipitation and Distribution

Bima, located in eastern Indonesia, experiences significant precipitation throughout the year. The city receives an average of 2,000 millimeters (78.7 inches) of rainfall annually, with the wet season occurring from November to April. During this period, torrential rains and thunderstorms are common. The average monthly rainfall during the wet season ranges from 200 to 300 millimeters (7.9 to 11.8 inches).

In contrast, the dry season, extending from May to October, is characterized by less rainfall. Monthly precipitation averages drop to below 100 millimeters (3.9 inches), and the city experiences more prolonged periods of sunshine. However, sporadic rain showers and thunderstorms can still occur during the dry season. The annual precipitation in Bima is influenced by the monsoon winds. During the wet season, northwesterly winds carry moisture from the Indian Ocean, resulting in abundant rainfall. Conversely, during the dry season, southeasterly winds prevail, creating drier conditions.

Rainfall Patterns and Significance

Bima, Indonesia, experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season typically lasts from November to March, while the dry season spans from April to October. During the wet season, Bima receives abundant rainfall, with an average monthly precipitation of over 200 millimeters. The dry season is much drier, with monthly rainfall averaging less than 100 millimeters.

The rainfall in Bima plays a crucial role in the livelihoods of its inhabitants. Agriculture is a major source of income for many residents, and the availability of water is essential for crop growth. Rice, corn, and other grains are among the crops commonly cultivated in Bima. The rainfall also supports the local ecosystem, providing water for rivers, lakes, and wetlands that support a variety of plant and animal life.

Unusual Snowfall in Bima

On July 25, 2023, the city of Bima, located on the island of Sumbawa in Indonesia, experienced an unusual snowfall. The phenomenon, which lasted for several hours, was captured on video and widely shared on social media. It is believed to be the first time that snow has ever fallen in Bima, which has a tropical climate with average temperatures ranging from 25 to 30 degrees Celsius. The snowfall is attributed to an unusual weather system that brought cold air and moisture from the Indian Ocean.

The snowfall caused excitement and amazement among local residents, who had never seen anything like it before. Children played in the snow, building snow forts and throwing snowballs. The snowfall also attracted tourists from neighboring cities, who came to witness the rare event. However, the snowfall also caused some disruption, as it made roads slippery and led to power outages in some areas. The snowfall in Bima is a reminder of the often unpredictable nature of weather patterns and the potential for extreme events to occur even in areas that are not typically cold or snowy.

Sunrise and Sunset Times

In Bima, Indonesia, the sun typically rises between 5:30 AM and 6:00 AM and sets between 5:30 PM and 6:00 PM throughout the year. The exact sunrise and sunset times can vary slightly depending on the time of year and the location within Bima.

Duration of Daylight

The duration of daylight in Bima is relatively constant throughout the year, with an average of around 12 hours of sunlight per day. This is due to Bima’s location near the equator, where the days and nights are nearly equal in length. However, there may be slight variations in the duration of daylight during different months, with the longest days occurring around the summer solstice (June 21st) and the shortest days around the winter solstice (December 21st).

Moon Cycle and Nature’s Influence

In Bima, Indonesia, the moon plays a significant role in guiding daily life and understanding the natural world. The local people observe the lunar phases and their corresponding effects on the environment. They believe that specific moon phases influence plant growth, animal behavior, and even human emotions. For example, during the full moon, they believe crops grow faster and fish are more abundant, while the new moon is associated with periods of rest and reflection.

Cultural and Ritual Importance

The moon holds spiritual and cultural importance in Bima. There are traditional ceremonies and rituals associated with different moon phases. For instance, during the full moon, people gather for a “nggahi kae” ceremony to pay homage to the moon and seek its blessings. They offer prayers and traditional foods, expressing gratitude for the moon’s guidance and protection. Additionally, the moon’s position in the sky is used to determine the timing of important events, such as festivals, weddings, and agricultural activities.

Humidity in Bima, Indonesia: An Overview

Bima, a coastal city in Indonesia, experiences high humidity throughout the year. The average annual relative humidity is around 80%, with values typically ranging from 75% to 85%. The high humidity levels are influenced by the city’s proximity to the ocean and the warm equatorial climate. During the rainy season, from December to March, humidity levels tend to be higher, with frequent rainfall and increased moisture in the air.

Seasonal Variations and Extreme Conditions

During the dry season, from June to October, humidity levels may decrease slightly, but still remain relatively high. The lowest humidity levels typically occur during the afternoon, while the highest levels are experienced at night and early morning. On rare occasions, unusually high humidity levels can occur, leading to discomfort and health risks, particularly for those with respiratory conditions. Despite the high humidity, temperatures in Bima are relatively moderate, with average highs around 30°C (86°F) and lows around 23°C (73°F), providing some relief from the humidity.

Wind Patterns in Bima, Indonesia

Bima, a city located on the eastern coast of Sumbawa island in Indonesia, experiences a relatively consistent wind pattern throughout the year. The prevailing wind direction is southeasterly, bringing in moist air from the Timor Sea. During the wet season, which typically lasts from November to March, the winds are stronger and more frequent, with gusts reaching up to 40 kilometers per hour (25 miles per hour). During the dry season, from April to October, the winds are generally lighter and more variable in direction, often blowing from the west or southwest.

Impacts of Wind on Bima

The strong winds in Bima have a significant impact on the local climate and environment. The southeasterly winds bring in moisture from the sea, which leads to frequent rainfall and high humidity. The winds also help to regulate the temperature, keeping it relatively cool and comfortable throughout the year. The strong winds also shape the landscape of Bima, creating sand dunes along the coast and wind-blown vegetation in the interior. In addition, the winds provide a source of renewable energy, as wind turbines are increasingly being installed in the area to generate electricity.

Best Time to Visit Bima, Indonesia

The best time to visit Bima, Indonesia, is during the dry season, which runs from May to October. During this time, the weather is generally sunny and dry, with average temperatures ranging from 23 to 32 degrees Celsius. This makes it ideal for outdoor activities such as swimming, sunbathing, and exploring the surrounding nature. The sea is also calmer during this period, making it safer for swimming and snorkeling. Additionally, cultural festivals and events are often held during the dry season, providing visitors with a glimpse into the local culture and traditions.

Avoiding the Rainy Season

The rainy season in Bima occurs from November to April, and it can be a challenging time to visit. The weather becomes unpredictable, with frequent heavy downpours and thunderstorms. The humidity levels also rise significantly, making it uncomfortable to be outdoors for extended periods. Transportation can also be disrupted during the rainy season, as roads may become impassable and ferries may be canceled. If possible, it is best to avoid visiting Bima during the rainy season.

Solar Energy Potential in Bima, Indonesia

Bima, Indonesia, possesses significant solar energy potential due to its tropical climate and abundance of sunshine throughout the year. The city receives an average of 5.5 kWh/m2/day of solar radiation, making it suitable for the development of solar power projects. The government of Indonesia has recognized this potential and has set a target of generating 10% of its energy from renewable sources by 2025, with solar energy playing a significant role in achieving this goal.

Solar Power Development in Bima

Several solar power projects have already been implemented in Bima. In 2018, a 20 MW solar farm was commissioned, providing clean energy to the city and reducing its reliance on fossil fuels. Additionally, numerous rooftop solar installations have been deployed in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, further increasing the utilization of solar energy in the region. The government has established incentives, such as tax breaks and subsidies, to encourage the adoption of solar energy and promote its growth as a sustainable energy source in Bima.

North: Mount Tambora and Coastal Plains

Bima’s northernmost region is dominated by the iconic Mount Tambora, infamous for its cataclysmic eruption in 1815. The towering volcano rises over 2,850 meters above sea level, casting a formidable presence over the surrounding landscape. To the east and west of Tambora, the land gently slopes down into fertile coastal plains, interspersed with rolling hills and pockets of mangrove forests.

South: Sape Strait and Sanggar Peninsula

The southern portion of Bima is marked by the narrow Sape Strait, separating the island of Sumbawa from the small Sanggar Peninsula. The strait is a vital marine transportation route, connecting the Java Sea with the Flores Sea. The Sanggar Peninsula is characterized by its rugged coastline, rocky cliffs, and pristine beaches. The interior of the peninsula consists of a mix of hills, plateaus, and narrow valleys.

Sultan Muhammad Salahuddin Airport (BMU)

Sultan Muhammad Salahuddin Airport, also known as Bima Airport, is the main airport serving the city of Bima on Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. Located approximately 10 kilometers north of Bima’s city center, it is the nearest and most convenient airport for travelers visiting the region. BMU operates domestic flights to major cities in Indonesia, including Jakarta, Surabaya, and Denpasar, as well as regional flights within Sumbawa and the neighboring Flores Island.

The airport has a single runway, measuring 1,431 meters in length, which can accommodate ATR 72 and ATR 42 turboprop aircraft. BMU offers a range of facilities and services for passengers, including a prayer room, a small cafe, and a limited duty-free shop. To reach the city center from the airport, travelers can take a taxi, which is the most convenient option, or a public bus, which is more economical but less frequent.

Geography and Population

Bima is a city located on the eastern coast of the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia. It is the capital of the Bima Regency and has a population of around 140,000 people. The city is situated on the shores of the Sape Strait and is surrounded by lush vegetation and hills. Bima has a tropical climate with warm and humid conditions throughout the year. The city is home to a diverse population consisting of various ethnic groups, including the Bima, Mbojo, and Melayu.

History and Culture

Bima has a rich history dating back centuries. It was once the center of the ancient Bima Kingdom, which was established in the 11th century. The kingdom flourished as a maritime trading center and was known for its skilled sailors and navigators. Bima eventually came under the influence of the Bugis Sultanate of Makassar and later became part of the Dutch East Indies. The city played an important role in the Indonesian struggle for independence and is now a major cultural hub in the region. Bima is famous for its traditional crafts, particularly its woven textiles and pottery. The city is also known for its unique cultural traditions, such as the Pasola Festival, which involves a ritual battle using wooden spears and shields.