Biga Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Turkey

Climate

Biga experiences a humid subtropical climate. The average annual temperature is around 14.5°C, with hot, humid summers and mild, wet winters. The annual precipitation is about 700 mm, with the majority falling during the winter and spring months.

Average Weather Year Round

Winter (December to February): Winters in Biga are generally mild, with average temperatures ranging from 4°C to 10°C. However, occasional cold spells can bring temperatures below freezing. Rain and snow are common, especially during December and January.
Spring (March to May): Spring brings warmer temperatures, with averages ranging from 10°C to 18°C. Precipitation decreases slightly, but occasional showers and thunderstorms are still possible. The landscape transforms into vibrant shades of green as vegetation flourishes.
Summer (June to August): Summers in Biga are hot and humid, with average temperatures reaching 25°C to 30°C. July and August are typically the hottest months, with limited rainfall. The sunshine is abundant, providing ample opportunities for outdoor activities.
Autumn (September to November): Autumn brings a gradual decrease in temperatures and an increase in precipitation. Average temperatures range from 15°C to 20°C. The landscape becomes adorned with autumn foliage, creating a picturesque setting.

Winter

During winter, Biga experiences cold and wet weather, with an average temperature of around 5 degrees Celsius (41 degrees Fahrenheit). With regular rainfall and occasional snowfall, outdoor activities may be limited. The city is often shrouded in a layer of fog, creating a chilly and damp atmosphere. Winter attire is essential to stay warm and protected from the harsh conditions.

Summer

In stark contrast to the winters, Biga enjoys warm and sunny summers, with an average temperature of approximately 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit). Visitors and locals alike can relish in outdoor recreation and beach activities as the city comes alive with a lively ambiance. While rain is still possible, it is less frequent, allowing for longer stretches of warm, dry weather.

Types and Formations

Biga, Turkey, experiences a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. This climate gives rise to a variety of cloud types, including cirrus, cumulus, stratus, and nimbus. Cirrus clouds are thin, wispy clouds that appear at high altitudes. Cumulus clouds are puffy clouds that often resemble cotton balls. Stratus clouds are flat, gray clouds that cover the entire sky. Nimbus clouds are dark, rain-bearing clouds.

Cloud Cover and Precipitation

The amount of cloud cover in Biga varies throughout the year. During the summer months, cloud cover is typically low, with clear skies and plenty of sunshine. In the winter months, cloud cover is more frequent, with overcast conditions and occasional rain. Precipitation in Biga is primarily in the form of rain, with snowfall being rare. The average annual precipitation is around 600 millimeters.

Impact on Weather and Climate

Clouds play a significant role in the weather and climate of Biga. Clouds can provide shade and help regulate temperatures. They can also trap heat and humidity, leading to increased precipitation. Clouds can also affect wind patterns and visibility. The presence of clouds can impact various human activities, such as agriculture, transportation, and tourism.

Seasonal Precipitation Patterns:

Biga, Turkey experiences distinct seasonal precipitation patterns. Winters are generally rainy, with average monthly precipitation exceeding 100 mm from December to February. Spring and autumn bring moderate rainfall, typically around 50-80 mm per month. Summers, however, are relatively dry, with average monthly precipitation below 25 mm from June to August. This seasonality is influenced by the Mediterranean climate system, which brings moist air from the Atlantic Ocean during the winter months but creates drier conditions during the summer.

Annual Precipitation Totals and Variability:

The annual average precipitation in Biga is approximately 700 mm. However, substantial variability occurs from year to year. Wet years have recorded totals exceeding 1,000 mm, while dry years have received less than 500 mm. This variability is often influenced by large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which can impact the frequency and intensity of precipitation events. Overall, Biga receives enough rainfall to support agriculture and vegetation growth, but occasional droughts and floods can pose challenges to local water resources and infrastructure.

Climate of Biga, Turkey

Biga, situated in the Marmara region of Turkey, has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) according to the Köppen climate classification. It experiences hot, humid summers and mild, wet winters. Biga benefits from the moderating influence of the Sea of Marmara, resulting in milder temperatures compared to inland regions. The average temperature in the coldest month, January, is around 4°C (39°F), while the warmest month, July, has an average temperature of 24°C (75°F).

Precipitation Patterns in Biga

Biga receives an annual average of 550 mm (21.7 in) of rainfall, distributed fairly evenly throughout the year. However, there is a slightly wetter period from November to April, coinciding with the region’s winter season. During this time, rainfall is primarily associated with frontal systems passing through the region. The driest months are July and August, with an average rainfall of less than 20 mm (0.8 in) each. Notably, Biga experiences occasional thunderstorms in the summer, sometimes accompanied by heavy downpours. These storms can bring significant amounts of rainfall within a short span of time.

Heavy Snowfall Paralyzes Biga

Biga, a town in Turkey’s northwestern Balıkesir province, was blanketed in thick snow on Wednesday, leading to widespread traffic disruptions and power outages. The unexpected snowfall, which began early in the morning, quickly accumulated to a depth of several inches, making roads impassable and forcing schools and businesses to close.

Motorists were stranded on major highways connecting Biga to neighboring cities, while emergency services worked tirelessly to clear the roads and restore power to affected areas. Local authorities urged residents to stay indoors and avoid unnecessary travel as conditions remained treacherous. The snowfall also caused power lines to snap, leaving thousands of homes without electricity. Crews from the state-owned power company worked throughout the day to repair the damaged lines and restore power to affected areas.

Sunrise in Biga

The first rays of sunlight peek over the horizon, casting a warm, golden glow over the ancient city of Biga. The air is still and serene as the sun ascends, illuminating the historic minarets and rooftops of the city. As the sun continues its ascent, it casts long shadows that dance across the cobblestone streets and ancient ruins, creating a breathtaking spectacle that transports visitors to another time.

Sunset in Biga

As the sun begins its descent, the sky transforms into a canvas of vibrant hues. The setting sun paints the clouds with shades of orange, pink, and purple, creating a breathtaking backdrop that casts a warm, ethereal glow over the city. The minarets and rooftops of Biga are silhouetted against the colorful sky, creating a picturesque panorama that is both enchanting and unforgettable. As the sun dips below the horizon, the city is enveloped in a soft, golden twilight that lingers for hours, providing the perfect ambiance for evening strolls and leisurely dining.

History and Mythology

The moon has held deep cultural and religious significance in Biga throughout history. The ancient city of Cyzicus, located near modern-day Biga, was a major religious center where the goddess Cybele was worshipped. The moon was associated with Cybele and was often depicted on her statues and reliefs. Furthermore, the crescent moon was used as a symbol of the city on coins and seals. During the Ottoman period, Biga became an important center for the Bektashi Sufi order, who incorporated the crescent moon into their symbolism.

Influence on Local Traditions

The influence of the moon is evident in various local traditions and beliefs in Biga. Farmers and fishermen closely observe the moon’s phases to determine favorable times for planting, harvesting, and fishing. According to local folklore, the full moon is associated with increased fertility and abundance, while the new moon is considered a time of renewal and cleansing. The moon is also believed to influence the behavior of animals and humans, with the full moon often being associated with heightened emotions and psychic sensitivity.

Humidity in Biga, Turkey: Seasonal Variations

The humidity in Biga, Turkey, undergoes significant seasonal variations. During the hot and dry summer months, humidity levels tend to be low, typically ranging between 30% and 50%. This is due to the influence of continental air masses from the north and east, which bring drier conditions. However, as the temperatures start to cool down in autumn, humidity levels begin to rise. From September to November, the humidity often remains above 60%, reaching its peak in October when it can exceed 80%. This is caused by the influx of moisture-laden air from the Mediterranean Sea, which increases the overall humidity levels.

Humidity in Biga, Turkey: Daily Fluctuations

In addition to seasonal variations, humidity in Biga also exhibits daily fluctuations. During the day, as temperatures rise, the air’s capacity to hold moisture increases. This leads to a gradual decrease in humidity levels. However, as the sun sets and temperatures drop, the air’s ability to hold moisture decreases, resulting in an increase in humidity. This trend typically repeats itself throughout the day, with the lowest humidity levels occurring in the afternoon and the highest levels occurring at night or early morning.

Seasonal Patterns of Wind

The wind patterns in Biga, Turkey, are heavily influenced by the seasonal changes. During the summer months (June to August), the prevailing wind direction is from the northwest. These winds are typically moderate to strong, with average speeds of 10-15 knots (18-28 km/h). During spring and autumn (March to May and September to November), the wind direction is more variable, oscillating between northwesterly and northeasterly. Wind speeds during these months tend to be lighter than in summer, with averages ranging from 5-10 knots (9-18 km/h). In winter (December to February), the dominant wind direction shifts to the northeast. These winds can be strong and gusty, often reaching speeds of 20 knots (37 km/h) or higher.

Impact of Local Topography

The local topography of Biga plays a significant role in shaping its wind patterns. The city is located in a valley surrounded by hills on three sides. This topography creates a “channeling effect,” where the prevailing winds are forced to flow through the valley. This effect intensifies the wind speeds, particularly during the summer months. Additionally, the hills create wind shadows, which are areas with reduced wind speeds. These wind shadows are typically found on the leeward side of the hills, providing respite from the strong winds.

Spring (March-May)

Spring in Biga, Turkey, offers pleasant temperatures and vibrant landscapes. As the winter chill subsides, the area comes alive with blooming wildflowers, creating a picturesque tapestry. The average temperature in April ranges from 5°C to 17°C (41°F to 63°F), providing ideal conditions for outdoor activities. This is an excellent time to explore the region’s national parks, such as Kaz Mountains National Park, and witness the stunning beauty of nature awakening from its winter slumber. The Biga International Tourism, Culture, and Arts Festival, held in the spring, showcases the region’s rich heritage and offers a glimpse into its traditions.

Summer (June-August)

Summertime in Biga brings warm and sunny days, with average temperatures reaching a high of 31°C (88°F) in August. The region’s coastal areas provide respite from the heat, offering opportunities for swimming, sunbathing, and water sports. Biga’s beaches, such as Mavikoy Beach and Ovaobasi Beach, offer pristine sands, clear waters, and a range of amenities. In the evenings, the town of Biga comes alive with lively entertainment, including traditional music performances and outdoor concerts. For history enthusiasts, visiting the ancient city of Troy, located nearby, is a must-do experience to delve into the rich heritage of the region.

Potential and Utilization of Solar Energy in Biga, Turkey

Biga, Turkey enjoys abundant sunshine throughout the year, making it an ideal location for harnessing solar energy. The total solar radiation received in Biga ranges from 1,600 to 1,800 kWh/m² per year, with an average of approximately 5.5 peak sunlight hours per day. This favorable solar resource has the potential to generate significant amounts of electricity, contributing to the region’s energy independence and reducing its carbon footprint.

Despite its potential, the utilization of solar energy in Biga is still in its early stages. However, several projects are underway to increase the adoption of solar technology. The Biga Municipality has installed photovoltaic (PV) panels on the rooftops of municipal buildings, serving as a model for other organizations and residents. Additionally, the Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources has approved the construction of a 100 MW solar power plant near Biga, which is expected to generate approximately 200,000 MWh of electricity annually. These initiatives demonstrate the growing interest in harnessing solar energy in Biga and contribute to Turkey’s ambitious goal of increasing its renewable energy capacity.

Topography of Biga, Turkey

Biga, located in the Marmara region of northwestern Turkey, is characterized by a diverse topography spanning coastal plains, rolling hills, and rugged mountains. The Biga Peninsula, a notable geographic feature, forms the southwestern end of the region and juts into the Sea of Marmara. The coastline is dotted with numerous bays, inlets, and sandy beaches. The plains along the Marmara Sea provide fertile agricultural land, while the interior is home to the rugged Mount Kazdağı, which reaches an elevation of 1,774 meters.

Geomorphology of Biga Peninsula

The Biga Peninsula exhibits a complex geomorphology resulting from various geological processes over time. The region is primarily composed of volcanic rocks, sedimentary formations, and metamorphic terrains. The Mount Kazdağı massif, an extinct volcano, forms the central core of the peninsula. Its slopes are characterized by deep gorges, steep cliffs, and alpine meadows. Along the coastline, extensive sedimentary deposits have formed coastal terraces, sand dunes, and river deltas. The Biga Fault Zone, a major geological feature, runs through the peninsula and contributes to its seismic activity.

Landscapes and Ecosystems

The diverse topography of Biga supports a wide range of landscapes and ecosystems. The coastal plains are dominated by agricultural fields, orchards, and vineyards. The rolling hills are covered in forests, grasslands, and scrubland, providing habitat for various wildlife species. The Mount Kazdağı region is renowned for its pristine alpine ecosystems, including high-altitude meadows, glacial lakes, and diverse flora and fauna. The coastal areas offer important habitats for marine life, including fish, shellfish, and seabirds. The interplay between these landscapes creates a biodiverse and scenic region with significant ecological value.

Closest Airport to Biga, Turkey

The nearest airport to Biga, Turkey, is Edremit Korfez Airport (EDO), located approximately 50 kilometers (31 miles) south of the city center. The airport offers direct flights to several other Turkish cities, including Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir. From EDO, travelers can connect to flights to many destinations around the world.

Alternative Options

If Edremit Korfez Airport does not offer a convenient flight option, there are two other airports within a reasonable driving distance from Biga. Canakkale Airport (CKZ) is located approximately 90 kilometers (56 miles) west of Biga, while Balikesir Korfez Airport (BZI) is about 120 kilometers (75 miles) to the north. Both airports offer a limited number of flights compared to Edremit Korfez Airport, but they may provide alternative connections to certain destinations.

Historical Significance of Biga

Biga, nestled in northwestern Turkey, boasts a rich and storied past that dates back to antiquity. In Byzantine times, it was known as Pegai and served as an important center for trade and commerce. During the Ottoman era, Biga flourished as the capital of the Biga Sanjak, playing a pivotal role in the administration and military campaigns of the empire. Its strategic location along the Silk Road and at the crossroads of major trade routes contributed to its economic prosperity.

Modern-Day Biga

Today, Biga is a thriving modern city with a population of approximately 100,000. It is the capital of the Biga district within the Çanakkale province. The city serves as a regional hub for agricultural products, particularly olives, grapes, and figs. Biga is also home to several historical and cultural attractions, including the Biga Ulu Cami, a magnificent mosque dating back to the 14th century, and the Biga Archaeological Museum, which houses artifacts from the city’s ancient and medieval past. Additionally, Biga is renowned for its thermal springs, which have been attracting visitors for their therapeutic properties since ancient times.