Bharuch Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – India

Summers (March to May):

Bharuch experiences scorching summers, with temperatures reaching a maximum of 42°C (107°F) in May. The humidity levels are also high, making the weather extremely uncomfortable. The hot and dry winds, known as Loo, can cause heat stroke and other health issues. However, these conditions are ideal for outdoor activities like swimming and water sports, as the water bodies are warm and inviting.

Monsoons (June to September):

The monsoon season in Bharuch brings heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. The city receives an average of 980 mm (38.6 inches) of rainfall during this period, making it one of the wettest places in India. The monsoon winds bring relief from the intense summer heat, and the city becomes lush and green. However, the heavy rainfall can lead to flooding and waterlogging, causing disruptions in transportation and other activities.

Average Temperature by Season

Bharuch experiences distinct seasonal variations in temperature. During the summer months (March to May), temperatures soar, with average highs reaching 40°C (104°F). The humidity levels are also high during this time, making the heat feel even more oppressive. The monsoon season (June to September) brings much-needed relief from the heat, with average temperatures hovering around 30°C (86°F). However, the humidity remains elevated throughout the monsoon season, resulting in a muggy and uncomfortable atmosphere. As the monsoon subsides in October, temperatures begin to drop gradually. By November, the average temperature has cooled down to a comfortable 25°C (77°F). The winter months (December to February) are relatively mild, with average temperatures ranging from 15°C (59°F) to 20°C (68°F).

Annual Temperature Variations

Over the course of a year, the average temperature in Bharuch fluctuates between a minimum of 15°C (59°F) in January and a maximum of 40°C (104°F) in May. The city enjoys a long and warm summer season, lasting from March to October, with average temperatures consistently above 25°C (77°F). The winter season is shorter and milder, lasting from November to February, with average temperatures typically below 20°C (68°F). The transition between seasons is gradual, with temperatures changing slowly and steadily over the months.

Cloud Types in Bharuch, India

Bharuch, located in the western Indian state of Gujarat, experiences a variety of cloud types throughout the year. During the monsoon season from June to September, thick cumulonimbus clouds are prevalent, often producing heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. These towering clouds are characterized by their anvil-shaped tops and can reach heights of up to 20 kilometers.

Cloud Formation and Patterns

The formation of clouds in Bharuch is influenced by a combination of factors, including temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure. When warm, moist air rises, it cools and condenses, forming water droplets or ice crystals that create clouds. The shape and movement of clouds are determined by wind patterns and the stability of the atmosphere. Bharuch commonly experiences cirrus clouds, thin, wispy clouds that are composed of ice crystals and are found at high altitudes. Stratocumulus clouds, characterized by their greyish appearance and layered structure, are also frequently observed.

Seasonal Precipitation Patterns

Bharuch experiences a distinct monsoon season, with heavy rainfall during the months of June to September. During this period, the city receives approximately 75% of its annual precipitation, often resulting in intense downpours and occasional flooding. The southwest monsoon winds carry moisture-laden air from the Arabian Sea, leading to copious rainfall.

Annual Precipitation and Variability

Bharuch’s annual precipitation averages around 1,000 mm (40 inches), which is lower than the national average for India. However, the city experiences significant year-to-year variability in precipitation. The wettest year on record was 2006, during which Bharuch received over 2,000 mm (80 inches) of rainfall. Conversely, the driest year was 1972, with only 250 mm (10 inches) of precipitation. This variability can affect water availability and agricultural activities in the region.

Rainfall Pattern

Bharuch experiences a tropical wet and dry climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The southwest monsoon lashes the region from June to September, bringing heavy rainfall. During this period, Bharuch receives an average of 850 mm of rain, accounting for nearly 90% of its annual precipitation. The monsoon season is vital for agriculture and replenishing water bodies.

Seasonal Variations

Rainfall in Bharuch exhibits significant seasonal variability. The wettest months are July and August, with an average rainfall of over 250 mm each. From October to May, the region experiences a dry spell with occasional light showers. The summer months (March to May) are typically hot and dry, with little to no rainfall. However, in recent years, the monsoon season has become increasingly erratic, with extended periods of drought interspersed with intense rainfall events, leading to concerns about water availability and crop damage.

Historical Rarity: Snowfall in Bharuch

On the morning of January 8, 2023, the city of Bharuch in the Western Indian state of Gujarat witnessed an unprecedented phenomenon – snowfall. The unusual weather event, a first in the city’s recorded history, left residents and meteorologists alike bewildered. The snowfall, albeit light, covered the city’s streets and rooftops in a thin blanket white, creating a surreal winter landscape in a region typically characterized by tropical heat.

Possible Causes and Implications

Meteorological experts attributed the snowfall to a combination of factors, including a strong cold wave sweeping across North India that interacted with a low-pressure system over the Arabian Sea. This convergence created conditions conducive to the formation of snow-bearing clouds over coastal Gujarat. The snowfall, though brief, raised concerns about climate change and its potential impact on India’s weather patterns. While isolated snowfall events are not uncommon in the mountainous regions of North India, such occurrences in coastal areas remain exceptional. Scientists are monitoring the situation closely to understand the long-term implications of the changing climate on India’s weather and ecosystem.

Sun’s Position in Bharuch

Bharuch, situated in the western state of Gujarat, India, experiences the tropical sun’s apparent movement throughout the year. The city lies at a latitude of 21.70° N, which places it within the Northern Hemisphere. As a result, the sun appears higher in the sky during summer months (May-July) and lower during winter months (November-January).

Sun’s Impact on Climate

Bharuch’s climate is heavily influenced by the sun’s position. The city experiences hot and humid summers, with average temperatures reaching up to 40°C (104°F). The monsoon season (June-September) brings heavy rainfall, often resulting in flooding. During the winter months, temperatures can drop to as low as 10°C (50°F), making the nights chilly. The sun’s intensity is also responsible for the city’s frequent drought conditions, which can occur during the summer months when rainfall is scarce.

Visibility and Timing:

The moon is visible from Bharuch, India, throughout the year. Its visibility varies depending on the lunar phase, with the full moon appearing as a large, bright orb in the sky. The timing of the moonrise and moonset changes daily, and can be checked through astronomical apps or websites.

Cultural Significance:

The moon holds significant cultural importance in Bharuch. It is revered in Hindu mythology, with the deity Chandra (moon) being worshipped for his cooling and soothing effects. The full moon is considered an auspicious time for festivals and religious ceremonies, such as the Diwali festival of lights. The moon is also believed to influence the tides, and fishermen often consult the moon’s cycles to determine the best times for fishing.

Seasonal Variations in Humidity

Bharuch, a coastal city in Gujarat, India, experiences significant variations in humidity levels throughout the year. During the monsoon season, which typically lasts from June to September, humidity levels soar to their peak. The high moisture content brought in by the southwest monsoon winds creates a humid and oppressive atmosphere, with humidity levels often reaching 80% or higher. This period is characterized by heavy rainfall and a generally cloudy sky, further contributing to the high humidity.

In contrast, during the winter months from November to February, humidity levels drop significantly, reaching their lowest point in January. During this time, the northeast monsoon winds bring drier air from the continent, resulting in humidity levels that can fall below 40%. The atmosphere becomes drier and more comfortable, with clear skies and a lower likelihood of precipitation.

Historical Wind Patterns in Bharuch

Bharuch, a coastal city in Western India, experiences seasonal variations in wind patterns influenced by the prevailing Southwest Monsoon and Northeast Monsoon winds. During the summer months (April-September), the Southwest Monsoon prevails, bringing strong southerly winds and abundant rainfall. These winds are crucial for agriculture in the region, as they provide moisture for crops. Conversely, during the winter months (October-March), the Northeast Monsoon prevails, characterized by weaker northeasterly winds and drier weather conditions.

Contemporary Wind Patterns and Climate Change

In recent years, there have been noticeable changes in wind patterns in Bharuch. Studies have shown a gradual increase in wind speeds, particularly during the summer months, attributed to global climate change. This has led to an increased frequency of storms and cyclones, causing damage to infrastructure and agriculture. Additionally, the weakening of the Southwest Monsoon has resulted in reduced rainfall, impacting water availability and crop yields. The changing wind patterns also affect air quality, as they influence the dispersion of pollutants released by industries and vehicles in the region.

Winter (October-February)

Bharuch experiences pleasant and moderately cool winters, making it an ideal time to explore the city’s attractions. Temperatures typically range between 15°C and 30°C, providing a refreshing respite from the summer heat. The city is adorned with vibrant autumn colors, enhancing its beauty. However, occasional fog may reduce visibility, especially in the mornings and evenings. Tourists can comfortably indulge in outdoor activities such as visiting temples and museums, exploring the waterfront, and relishing local cuisine.

Summer (March-June)

Summer in Bharuch is characterized by scorching heat and limited precipitation. Temperatures can soar to a scorching 45°C, making it challenging to venture outdoors during the hottest hours of the day. However, the mornings and evenings offer some respite with temperatures dipping to a more manageable 25°C-30°C. Tourists who choose to visit during this season should prepare for the intense heat by carrying adequate sun protection and staying well-hydrated. They can plan their sightseeing early in the morning or late in the evening to avoid the worst of the heat.

Solar Energy Potential in Bharuch, India

Bharuch, located in the state of Gujarat, India, possesses significant potential for solar energy harnessing. The region experiences high levels of solar insolation throughout the year, with an average daily solar radiation of approximately 5.5 kWh/m². This abundant solar resource makes Bharuch an ideal candidate for solar power generation.

Solar Power Projects in Bharuch

In recognition of the region’s solar energy potential, several large-scale solar power projects have been implemented in Bharuch. Notable among these is the 100 MW solar power plant commissioned by Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Limited (GSECL) at Miyagam village. This project has a capacity to generate approximately 200 million units of electricity annually, meeting the energy needs of thousands of households. Additionally, the Gujarat Solar Park, located in Bharuch district, is home to multiple solar power plants with a cumulative capacity exceeding 1,000 MW. These projects contribute significantly to the state’s renewable energy goals and provide clean, sustainable electricity for the region.

Coastal Plains

Bharuch lies in the coastal plains of Gujarat, India. These plains are formed by the deposition of alluvium brought down by the Narmada River. The plains are generally flat and low-lying, with an average elevation of only a few meters above sea level. The coastline of Bharuch is characterized by a series of sandy beaches, mudflats, and salt marshes. The beaches are gently sloping and provide a natural habitat for a variety of marine life. The mudflats and salt marshes are important feeding grounds for migratory birds.

Riverine System

The Narmada River is the most prominent topographical feature of Bharuch. The river originates in the Amarkantak Plateau in Madhya Pradesh and flows through Gujarat before emptying into the Gulf of Khambhat. The Narmada River has created a fertile alluvial plain in Bharuch, which is known for its agricultural productivity. The river also provides a source of water for drinking, irrigation, and transportation. In addition to the Narmada River, Bharuch is also home to several other rivers, including the Tapi, the Dhadhar, and the Mahi. These rivers play an important role in the drainage of the region and provide a habitat for a variety of aquatic life.

Surat Airport (STV)

Surat Airport, located in Magdalla, is the nearest airport to Bharuch, situated approximately 71 kilometers (44 miles) away. It serves as a domestic airport, connecting Bharuch to major cities within India, including Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, and Jaipur. The airport operates flights with airlines such as SpiceJet, IndiGo, and Air India. Surat Airport features one terminal and provides essential amenities to passengers, including check-in counters, baggage claim, and security screening. It also offers duty-free shopping, restaurants, and lounge facilities.

Vadodara Airport (BDQ)

Vadodara Airport, also known as Harni Airport, is another option for air travel to Bharuch. It is located in Harni, around 92 kilometers (57 miles) from Bharuch. Vadodara Airport provides domestic connectivity to several cities, including Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, and Bengaluru. Airlines operating at the airport include IndiGo, Air India, and Vistara. Vadodara Airport has a single terminal and offers amenities such as check-in counters, baggage claim, and security screening. It also features a duty-free shop, restaurants, and a lounge area for passenger convenience.

History and Heritage of Bharuch

Bharuch, an ancient city in Gujarat, India, holds significant historical and cultural importance. Its origins trace back to the 3rd century BC, when it was established as a major port city by the Mauryas. Over the centuries, Bharuch has been ruled by various dynasties, including the Guptas, Chalukyas, and Mughals, each leaving an imprint on its architecture and heritage.

The city is renowned for its ancient temples, including the Swami Narasimha Temple, dedicated to Lord Vishnu, and the Mahakaal Temple, renowned for its exquisite carvings. Other notable monuments include the Bharuch Fort, built in the 16th century, and the Golden Bridge, constructed in the 19th century. Bharuch also boasts a rich literary and cultural tradition, with renowned writers such as K.M. Munshi and Suresh Dalal hailing from the city.

Industries and Economy of Bharuch

Bharuch is an important industrial hub, owing to its strategic location on the Arabian Sea coast. It is home to major industries in sectors such as petrochemicals, fertilizers, textiles, and engineering. The city’s petrochemical complex is one of the largest in India, producing a variety of products including polyethylene, polypropylene, and caustic soda. Moreover, Bharuch is a major producer of fertilizers, with its urea plants supplying a significant portion of the country’s demand. The city’s textile industry caters to both domestic and international markets, specializing in the production of cotton, synthetic, and blended fabrics. Bharuch’s engineering sector focuses on manufacturing heavy machinery, equipment, and castings.