Benguela Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Angola

Benguela Climate: A Year-Round Overview

Benguela enjoys a mild, temperate climate year-round, with average temperatures ranging from 13°C (55°F) in July, the coolest month, to 23°C (73°F) in March, the warmest. The city experiences minimal seasonal variation and receives moderate rainfall, primarily during the summer months (December to March). Humidity levels are generally high, with an average of 75%.

Summer in Benguela: Warm and Humid

Summer in Benguela lasts from December to March and brings the warmest temperatures of the year. Average highs reach 24°C (75°F), and lows average 16°C (61°F). Humidity levels increase during this period, making the weather feel muggy and uncomfortable at times. Rainfall is common, but it is typically in the form of short, sporadic showers. The summer months are also characterized by occasional fog and overcast skies.

Monthly Average Temperatures

Benguela, a coastal city in southwestern Angola, experiences a relatively consistent temperature throughout the year. The average monthly temperature ranges from 20°C (68°F) in July, the coolest month, to 26°C (79°F) in March, the warmest month. The city enjoys pleasant weather all year round, with few extreme temperature fluctuations.

Annual Temperature Trends

The average annual temperature in Benguela is 22.5°C (72.5°F). While there is little variation in temperature between months, there is a noticeable difference between the wet and dry seasons. During the wet season, which runs from November to April, the city experiences higher humidity and slightly warmer temperatures, averaging around 24°C (75°F). Conversely, during the dry season, from May to October, the temperatures are slightly cooler, averaging around 21°C (70°F).

Formation and Movement of Clouds

Clouds in Benguela, Angola, are primarily influenced by the cold Benguela Current, which flows northward along the coast. The cold water temperatures result in a stable atmosphere, leading to the formation of stratus and stratocumulus clouds. These low-level clouds cover the sky, often resulting in overcast conditions and drizzle.

As the day progresses, the sun’s heat can destabilize the atmosphere, causing the clouds to break up and form cumulus clouds. These clouds can grow vertically, sometimes developing into cumulonimbus clouds that produce thunderstorms. The movement of clouds in Benguela is primarily driven by the prevailing wind patterns, which are usually southwesterly or westerly. These winds push the clouds inland, often resulting in overcast conditions and precipitation over the coastal and inland areas of Benguela.

Climate of Benguela

Benguela, Angola experiences a hot desert climate, characterized by extremely dry conditions and high temperatures. The city receives an average of only 50 mm of rainfall annually, making it one of the driest regions in the world. Rainfall is highly variable and sporadic, with most occurring during the summer months. The dry season, which lasts from May to October, is characterized by almost no precipitation and relentless sunshine.

Factors Influencing Precipitation

The Benguela Current, a cold ocean current that flows along the coast of Angola, has a significant influence on the city’s precipitation patterns. The current brings cold, dry air from the south, which inhibits cloud formation and precipitation. Additionally, the city’s location in the rain shadow of the Namib Desert creates a barrier to moisture-laden air from the Congo Basin. As a result, Benguela remains arid throughout the year, with only occasional storms providing brief respite from the dryness.

Rainfall Patterns

Rainfall in Benguela, Angola, exhibits a distinct bimodal pattern, with two primary rainy seasons and a moderately dry period in between. The main rainy season occurs during the summer months, typically from January to April, when the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts southwards and brings heavy rainfall to the region. The secondary rainfall season, albeit less pronounced, takes place from September to November. During these periods, Benguela experiences frequent and intense downpours, with monthly precipitation often exceeding 100 millimeters.

Seasonal Variability and Impacts

The dry period in Benguela, which spans from May to August, is characterized by significantly reduced rainfall and increased evaporation rates. During this time, water resources become scarce, and droughts are not uncommon. The irregular occurrence and intensity of rainfall in Benguela can have significant impacts on agriculture, water availability, and socio-economic activities. The cyclical nature of rainfall influences crop yields, water management strategies, and the livelihoods of communities dependent on seasonal agricultural practices. Prolonged droughts can result in crop failures, livestock losses, and food insecurity, while excessive rainfall can lead to flooding and infrastructure damage.

Historical Snowfall Event

Snowfall in Benguela, Angola, is an extremely rare occurrence. Despite being located in a tropical climate zone, the city witnessed an unprecedented snowfall on August 27, 2013. The event was triggered by an unusually cold front that originated from the Antarctic and brought freezing temperatures to the coastal region. As a result, the city was blanketed in a thin layer of snow, marking the first known snowfall in Benguela’s recorded history.

Impact and Aftermath

The snowfall in Benguela caused widespread astonishment and excitement among the city’s residents. It disrupted daily life, with schools and businesses temporarily closing due to the treacherous road conditions. The rare sight of snow on the beaches and streets created unforgettable moments for the locals. However, the snowfall also raised concerns about the impact of climate change on the region. The event served as a reminder of the potential for extreme weather events to occur in areas that are not typically associated with snowfall.

Sunlight and UV Index in Benguela, Angola

Benguela, a coastal city in Angola, experiences abundant sunshine throughout the year due to its location in the Southern Hemisphere. The city receives approximately 3,000 hours of sunshine annually, with the highest levels occurring during the summer months from October to March. During these months, the average daily sunshine duration exceeds 10 hours, providing ample opportunities for outdoor activities and sun exposure.

The UV index in Benguela is typically high, indicating high levels of ultraviolet radiation from the sun. The index ranges from 8 to 12 on most days, reaching its peak during the midday hours. Prolonged exposure to high UV levels without proper protection can lead to skin damage, including sunburn, premature aging, and an increased risk of skin cancer. It is essential to take appropriate precautions when spending time outdoors, such as wearing sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and seeking shade during peak hours.

Moonphases in Benguela, Angola

The moon’s appearance in Benguela, Angola, changes throughout the lunar cycle. During a new moon, the moon is not visible from Earth, as it is between the Sun and Earth. As the moon waxes, it becomes more visible each night, reaching its peak at a full moon when it is opposite the Sun. After the full moon, the moon wanes, becoming less visible each night until reaching a new moon once again. The moon’s phases are influenced by its position relative to the Earth and the Sun.

Influence of the Moon on Tides

The moon’s gravitational pull has a significant impact on the tides in Benguela, Angola. High tides occur when the moon is directly overhead or on the opposite side of the Earth from Benguela. Low tides occur when the moon is at right angles to Benguela. The moon’s gravitational pull combined with the Earth’s rotation create two high tides and two low tides each lunar day. The range of the tides varies depending on the phase of the moon, with higher tides occurring during a full moon and new moon, and lower tides during a first and last quarter moon.

Seasonal Variation in Humidity

Benguela, Angola experiences significant seasonal variation in humidity throughout the year. During the dry season from May to October, humidity levels typically remain low, ranging from 50% to 70%. This is due to the influence of the cold Benguela Current, which brings cool, dry air from the south. As a result, the air in Benguela feels drier and more comfortable during this time.

In contrast, the wet season from November to April brings with it a significant increase in humidity. Humidity levels can reach up to 90% or higher during this time due to the influx of warm, moist air from the east. This air carries moisture from the Atlantic Ocean and contributes to the formation of heavy rainfall. As a result, Benguela’s atmosphere becomes muggy and oppressive, with increased chances of condensation and fog.

Humidity Impacts

The varying humidity levels in Benguela have several impacts on the city and its residents. During the dry season, the low humidity can lead to dry skin and respiratory issues for some people. It can also increase the risk of wildfires and dust storms due to the lack of moisture in the air.

During the wet season, the high humidity can make it difficult to stay cool and comfortable. It can also contribute to the growth of mold and mildew, which can cause health problems and damage to buildings. Additionally, the increased humidity can make outdoor activities less enjoyable due to the oppressive feeling in the air.

Wind Patterns

Benguela experiences a dominant southwesterly wind regime sepanjang tahun. The Benguela Current, a cold, upwelling ocean current that flows along the coast of Angola, drives these winds. As the current moves northward, it pushes warm, moist air eastward, creating a low-pressure zone over the coast. As a result, winds from the high-pressure zone over the South Atlantic Ocean are drawn in to fill the void, resulting in persistent southwesterly winds. These winds are typically stronger during the austral winter (June-August) when the pressure gradient between the two zones is at its greatest.

Wind Speed and Direction

The average wind speed in Benguela is around 15-20 knots (28-37 kilometers per hour). However, wind speeds can vary significantly depending on the season and synoptic weather patterns. During the austral winter, wind speeds can exceed 30 knots (56 kilometers per hour). The prevailing wind direction is consistently southwesterly, although brief periods of easterly or northeasterly winds can occur during localized weather disturbances or when tropical cyclones approach the region. The regularity and strength of the southwesterly winds have a significant impact on the local climate, vegetation, and ocean circulation patterns.

Best time to visit in Benguela, Angola

The best time to visit Benguela, Angola is during the dry season, from May to October. During this time, the weather is mostly sunny and warm, with average temperatures ranging from 20 to 30 degrees Celsius. The humidity is also relatively low, making it a comfortable time to explore the city.

The rainy season in Benguela runs from November to April, and during this time, the city experiences frequent heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. The humidity is also higher during this time, and the average temperatures range from 25 to 35 degrees Celsius. While it is still possible to visit Benguela during the rainy season, it is important to be aware of the potential for rain and to pack appropriate clothing and gear.

Potential for Solar Energy in Benguela

Benguela, Angola possesses abundant solar energy resources due to its proximity to the equator and high levels of sunshine throughout the year. The region’s average solar radiation ranges from 4.5 to 5.5 kWh/m2/day, providing a significant potential for solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation. Moreover, the availability of large tracts of undeveloped land makes the establishment of solar farms feasible.

Development and Utilization

Recognizing the potential benefits of solar energy, the Angolan government has taken steps to promote its development in Benguela. Several small-scale solar PV systems have been installed in rural areas, providing access to electricity for communities that previously lacked it. In addition, the construction of a 100 MW solar farm is underway, which is expected to generate enough electricity to power over 100,000 homes. The government has also implemented incentives, such as tax breaks and subsidies, to encourage private investment in solar energy projects.

Coastal Plains

Benguela’s coastal region is characterized by a narrow, flat coastal plain that extends for approximately 10-15 kilometers inland. This plain is formed by the deposition of sediments brought by the Cunene and Catumbela rivers. The coastal plain is characterized by low-lying areas, marshes, and sand dunes. The coastline is mostly rocky, with few natural harbors. The plain is home to a variety of plant and animal life, including mangroves, birds, and fish.

Interior Plateaus

Beyond the coastal plain, the topography of Benguela transitions into a series of interior plateaus. These plateaus are characterized by a rolling, hilly landscape with elevations ranging from 1,000 to 2,000 meters above sea level. The plateaus are dissected by numerous rivers and streams, creating a rugged and scenic landscape. The vegetation on the plateaus is mostly savanna, with scattered trees and shrubs. The plateaus are also home to a variety of wildlife, including lions, elephants, and zebras.

Catumbela Airport (CBT)

Catumbela Airport, also known as Benguela Airport, is the primary airport serving the city of Benguela, Angola. It is conveniently located approximately 6.8 kilometers (4.2 miles) southwest of the city center. The airport has a single runway measuring 3,550 meters (11,647 feet) in length and is paved with asphalt. Catumbela Airport is a hub for TAAG Angola Airlines, the national carrier of Angola, and provides both domestic and international flights.

Services and Facilities

Catumbela Airport offers a range of services and facilities for passengers and visitors. Inside the terminal, travelers will find check-in counters, baggage claim areas, and various shops and restaurants. The airport also has a VIP lounge for the convenience of premium passengers. Additionally, Catumbela Airport is wheelchair accessible and provides designated parking for individuals with disabilities. ATM machines and currency exchange services are available for the ease of travelers.

Historical Significance

Benguela, a coastal city in Angola, holds historical significance as a former stronghold and pivotal port during the Portuguese colonial era. Established in 1587 as a fortified settlement, Benguela played a crucial role in the transatlantic slave trade, serving as a major embarkation point for enslaved Africans bound for Brazil. The city witnessed battles and rebellions that shaped its history, including the famous Quilombo dos Palmares, a community of escaped slaves in Brazil founded by Benguela prince Ganga Zumba. Benguela’s historical legacy is reflected in its colonial-era architecture and landmarks, such as the São Felipe Fortress, which once guarded the harbor.

Economic Development

Today, Benguela serves as a vibrant economic hub for Angola, owing to its strategic location and natural resources. The city is a significant fishing and agricultural center, renowned for its export-quality produce, including cassava, corn, and fish. Benguela also boasts a thriving offshore oil and gas industry, which contributes significantly to the country’s economy. The Benguela Current, a cold, nutrient-rich ocean current, supports a thriving fishing industry, making Benguela a major supplier of fish and seafood. The city is also undergoing significant infrastructure development, with projects such as the Port of Benguela expansion and the Benguela Special Economic Zone, aimed at boosting economic growth and attracting investment.