Belfast Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – United Kingdom

Average Weather Year Round

Belfast experiences a temperate oceanic climate, characterized by mild winters and cool summers. The average temperature throughout the year hovers around 48°F (9°C), with January being the coldest month at 38°F (3°C) and July the warmest at 61°F (16°C). Rainfall is spread fairly evenly throughout the year, with an average annual precipitation of 34 inches (860 mm). However, the city is prone to frequent showers and drizzle, especially during the winter months.

Notable Weather Patterns

Belfast’s weather is influenced by its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. The Gulf Stream brings warm, moist air from the tropics, giving Belfast a milder climate than similar latitude regions. However, the city is also exposed to depressions and cyclones from the North Atlantic, which can bring strong winds and heavy rain. Additionally, Belfast is located at the edge of the Irish Sea, which can contribute to fog and mist, particularly during the colder months.

Climate Overview

Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland, experiences a temperate maritime climate heavily influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. The city has mild summers and cool to cold winters, with ample precipitation throughout the year. The average annual temperature in Belfast is approximately 9.6 degrees Celsius (49.3 degrees Fahrenheit).

Seasonal Temperatures

During the summer months (June to August), the average daytime temperatures typically range between 15 to 18 degrees Celsius (59 to 64.4 degrees Fahrenheit). Nighttime temperatures typically drop to around 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit). In the winter months (December to February), the average daytime temperatures generally hover around 6 to 8 degrees Celsius (42.8 to 46.4 degrees Fahrenheit), while nighttime temperatures can dip below 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit).

Cloud Formation and Types

Belfast’s cloud cover is influenced by its maritime location, prevailing wind direction, and topography. Clouds form when warm, moist air rises and condenses. The predominant wind direction in Belfast is from the southwest, carrying warm and moist air from the Atlantic Ocean. When this air encounters the cooler temperatures at higher altitudes, it condenses into clouds. The types of clouds visible in Belfast vary depending on the temperature and humidity conditions. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy, cotton-like appearance, often indicate fair weather. Stratus clouds, which appear as a grey, uniform layer, can bring drizzle or light rain. Cirrus clouds, composed of ice crystals, are thin and feathery, often indicating fair weather.

Impact on Weather Conditions

Clouds play a significant role in Belfast’s weather conditions. They can influence temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration. Thick cloud cover can block out sunlight, leading to cooler temperatures and reduced visibility. Clouds can also trap heat radiated from the earth’s surface, resulting in warmer nights. Precipitation is directly influenced by cloud formation. When clouds become saturated with moisture, they can produce rain, snow, or hail. The type of precipitation depends on the temperature and altitude of the cloud. In Belfast, the majority of precipitation occurs as rain, with snowfall being less frequent.

Average Precipitation in Belfast

Belfast experiences a temperate maritime climate characterized by relatively mild temperatures and ample precipitation throughout the year. The city receives an average annual rainfall of approximately 33.5 inches (850 millimeters), which is distributed fairly evenly across the seasons. However, the wettest months tend to be October and November, while the driest months are February and April.

Seasonal Distribution of Precipitation

During the winter months (December to February), precipitation generally falls as rain, with occasional snowfall. Snowfall events are usually light and short-lived, as temperatures rarely drop below freezing for extended periods. Spring (March to May) brings a mixture of rainfall and occasional showers, as the weather begins to warm and the days get longer. Summer (June to August) is generally the driest season, with warm temperatures and sunny skies. Precipitation during this time typically occurs as brief showers or occasional thunderstorms. Autumn (September to November) brings a return to wetter conditions, with frequent rainfall and occasional strong winds.

Rainfall Patterns

Belfast experiences a temperate maritime climate, characterized by abundant rainfall throughout the year. The city receives an average of 855 mm (33.66 inches) of precipitation annually, which is distributed relatively evenly over the twelve months. However, rainfall is slightly more frequent during the winter months from October to March, with an average of 10 rainy days per month. In contrast, the summer months from June to August tend to be drier, with only about 7 rainy days per month on average.

Precipitation Characteristics

The majority of rainfall in Belfast occurs as drizzle or light rain. Heavy downpours are relatively rare, with only a few days each year experiencing more than 10 mm of precipitation. Nevertheless, the city is prone to occasional intense storms, particularly during the winter months. These storms can bring high winds, hail, and even thunderstorms, resulting in localized flooding and other weather-related hazards. Despite the frequent rainfall, Belfast also benefits from periods of sunshine throughout the year. The city enjoys an average of 1,500 hours of sunshine annually, with the most sunshine occurring during the summer months.

Impact of Snowfall on Belfast

Belfast has experienced significant snowfall in recent years, leading to disruptions in transportation, business, and daily life. The heavy snowfall can cause road closures, train delays, and even airport cancellations. Pedestrians often face treacherous conditions, with icy sidewalks and slippery roads making it hazardous to walk. Businesses may also be forced to close or operate with reduced hours, leading to economic losses and inconvenience for customers. The accumulation of snow can also damage infrastructure, such as power lines and trees, resulting in power outages and other disruptions.

Response to Snowfall

To mitigate the impact of snowfall, Belfast City Council and other local authorities implement a range of measures. These include snow clearing and gritting operations to keep roads and pavements passable. The council also activates its Winter Maintenance Plan, which includes additional staff and resources to respond to snowfall events. Public transport operators may adjust schedules or implement special measures to ensure the safety and reliability of their services. Residents are advised to stay informed about snowfall forecasts and to take necessary precautions, such as avoiding unnecessary travel or wearing appropriate footwear to prevent falls.

Sunrise and Sunset Times in Belfast, United Kingdom

Belfast experiences a range of sunrise and sunset times throughout the year due to its location in the Northern Hemisphere. During the winter months (December to February), the sun rises later and sets earlier, with sunrise typically occurring around 8:00-8:30 AM and sunset around 4:00-4:30 PM. In contrast, during the summer months (June to August), sunrise is earlier and sunset is later, with sunrise occurring around 5:00-5:30 AM and sunset around 9:00-9:30 PM.

Length of Daylight in Belfast, United Kingdom

The length of daylight in Belfast varies significantly depending on the season. In December, the shortest day of the year, Belfast experiences only around 7 hours of daylight. Conversely, in June, the longest day of the year, Belfast enjoys approximately 17 hours of daylight. This variation in daylight hours impacts the daily routines and activities of Belfast’s residents, with longer daylight hours during the summer encouraging outdoor pursuits and social activities.

Historical Significance of Moon in Belfast:

The Moon restaurant, located in Belfast’s Cathedral Quarter, holds a special place in the city’s history. Established in 1989, it emerged as a cultural hub for the city’s creative community. The restaurant provided a space for artists, musicians, and writers to gather, share ideas, and collaborate. It became a renowned venue for live music, with performances by emerging and established musicians alike. Moon played a pivotal role in nurturing Belfast’s flourishing arts scene during the transformative period known as the “Belfast Boom.”

Current Status and Legacy:

Over the decades, Moon has faced challenges and adaptations. It was forced to relocate several times due to redevelopment and faced financial difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite these obstacles, Moon remains a cherished landmark in Belfast. The restaurant has undergone renovations and reopened in 2022, preserving its iconic status as a gathering place for the city’s creative community. It continues to offer live music, exhibitions, and other cultural events. Moon’s enduring legacy lies in its ability to foster a sense of community and provide a platform for expression for Belfast’s artists and musicians. It stands as a testament to the city’s vibrant and resilient artistic spirit.

Seasonal Variation in Humidity

Belfast experiences significant seasonal variation in humidity, with the highest levels occurring during the summer months. From June to August, the average relative humidity hovers around 85%, creating a muggy and oppressive atmosphere. However, during the winter months, humidity drops considerably, with average levels of around 70% in December and January. The lower humidity makes the air feel less heavy and sticky.

Factors Influencing Humidity

The humidity in Belfast is influenced by several factors. The proximity to the Atlantic Ocean plays a major role, with moist air from the west and southwest contributing to the high humidity levels. Additionally, the presence of mountains and hills in the surrounding area creates a barrier that traps the moist air, further increasing the humidity. Furthermore, the city’s urban environment, with its buildings and roads, can trap heat and moisture, exacerbating the humidity levels.

Wind Patterns and Prevalence:

Belfast, situated in the United Kingdom, is characterized by a temperate climate influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. The city experiences prevailing winds from the southwest, known as the prevailing westerlies, which carry moist and mild air from the ocean. These winds are responsible for the high levels of precipitation and moderate temperatures in Belfast. Occasionally, winds from the northeast or east may bring colder and drier conditions, particularly during the winter months.

Impacts and Mitigation:

The wind in Belfast can have both positive and negative impacts. On the one hand, it provides a source of renewable energy, as the city hosts several wind farms. Wind turbines harness the energy of the prevailing westerlies to generate electricity, reducing the reliance on fossil fuels. On the other hand, strong winds can cause damage to infrastructure and property, especially during storms or hurricanes. To mitigate these impacts, buildings are designed with reinforced structures and wind-resistant materials. Tree planting and urban planning initiatives aim to reduce wind speeds at ground level and provide shelter from gusts.

Spring (March to May)

Spring is a delightful time to visit Belfast, as the city awakens from its winter slumber. The air is fresh and invigorating, with average temperatures ranging from 4 to 12 degrees Celsius (39 to 54 degrees Fahrenheit). As the days lengthen, you’ll witness the city come alive with blooming flowers, particularly in the Botanic Gardens. This is an ideal season for exploring the city’s parks and gardens, including the lush Sir Thomas and Lady Dixon Park. The city also hosts several lively events during spring, such as the Belfast International Arts Festival and the Belfast Film Festival.

Autumn (September to November)

Autumn brings a touch of crispness to the Belfast air, with average temperatures ranging from 9 to 15 degrees Celsius (48 to 59 degrees Fahrenheit). The leaves of the city’s trees begin to turn golden brown, creating a stunning backdrop for your explorations. Autumn is a great time to wander the cobblestone streets of the Cathedral Quarter, marveling at the historic buildings and charming boutiques. You can also take advantage of the milder temperatures for walking tours or bike rides along the tranquil Lagan River. The city’s pubs offer a cozy atmosphere perfect for escaping the occasional drizzle that autumn sometimes brings.

Current Status

Belfast benefits from relatively high solar irradiance compared to other UK cities. However, the uptake of solar energy has been modest due to factors such as unfavorable rooftop orientations, limited incentives, and a relatively overcast climate. While there are some notable solar installations, such as the 1.6 MW array at the Belfast City Airport and the 0.6 MW system at the Ulster University, solar energy still accounts for a small fraction of the city’s energy mix.

Future Prospects

Despite the challenges, there is significant potential for solar energy in Belfast. The city has set ambitious climate goals, including achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Solar energy will play a key role in meeting these targets. The government is offering financial incentives and promoting the installation of solar panels on homes and businesses. Furthermore, advancements in solar technology, such as the use of bifacial panels and solar thermal systems, are expected to increase the viability of solar energy even in overcast conditions.

Belfast Hills and Lagan Valley:

Belfast’s landscape is characterized by the imposing Belfast Hills, a series of basalt and sandstone ridges that form a scenic backdrop to the city. These hills, including Black Mountain, Divis, and Cavehill, offer panoramic views of Belfast and its surroundings. The hills are popular destinations for hiking, mountain biking, and picnicking. Separating the hills from the city center is the Lagan Valley, a fertile lowland area traversed by the River Lagan. The valley provides a natural corridor for transportation and urban development.

Coastal Geography:

Belfast is situated on the northern shores of Belfast Lough, a large sea inlet that opens into the Irish Sea. The coast exhibits a mix of sandy beaches, rocky cliffs, and small islands. The Antrim Coast Road, a scenic coastal route, follows the coastline northeast from Belfast, offering breathtaking views of the rugged coastline, picturesque glens, and the iconic Giant’s Causeway. To the east of Belfast lies Dundrum Bay, known for its sheltered sandy beaches and iconic “Mudeford Spit” sandbank. The coast provides opportunities for water sports, such as sailing, kayaking, and windsurfing.

George Best Belfast City Airport (BHD)

George Best Belfast City Airport, formerly known as Belfast City Airport, is the closest airport to Belfast city center, located just 3 miles (5 km) from the city center. The airport offers a wide range of domestic and international flights to destinations across the United Kingdom, Europe, and beyond. BHD is a popular choice for both business and leisure travelers, and it is well-connected to the city center by public transportation, including buses and taxis.

Belfast International Airport (BFS)

Belfast International Airport is located approximately 20 miles (32 km) from Belfast city center. It is the largest airport in Northern Ireland and offers a wider range of flights compared to BHD. BFS serves as a hub for easyJet and Ryanair, and it offers flights to destinations across Europe, North America, and the Middle East. While BFS is further from the city center than BHD, it is still easily accessible by public transportation, including buses and trains.

Museums and Galleries

Belfast is home to a wealth of museums and galleries, showcasing the city’s rich history, culture, and art. Among them, the Ulster Museum stands as a prominent institution, housing an impressive collection ranging from archaeology to art, including notable works by Rembrandt, Caravaggio, and Rubens. The Linen Hall Library, established in 1788, is a treasure trove of local history and holds a vast collection of books, manuscripts, and archives. For lovers of modern and contemporary art, the MAC (Metropolitan Arts Centre) offers a dynamic program of exhibitions and events, highlighting emerging and established Irish and international artists.

Titanic Quarter

The Titanic Quarter, a vibrant waterfront district, pays homage to Belfast’s shipbuilding heritage. This area, once home to the iconic Harland and Wolff shipyard where the Titanic was built, has been transformed into a modern hub for culture, leisure, and tourism. At the heart of the Titanic Quarter lies Titanic Belfast, an immersive museum that tells the captivating story of the ship’s construction and fateful journey. Visitors can also embark on a guided tour of the SS Nomadic, a tender ship that ferried passengers to the Titanic, and explore the Titanic Hotel Belfast, a luxurious hotel housed in the former headquarters of the shipyard.