Balsas Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Brazil

Temperature and Precipitation

Balsas, Brazil experiences a tropical climate with consistent high temperatures throughout the year. The hottest month is October, with an average high temperature of 92.3°F (33.5°C). The coldest month is June, with an average low temperature of 69.8°F (21°C). The average annual temperature is 81.2°F (27.3°C). Rainfall is abundant in Balsas, with an average annual precipitation of 63.4 inches (1610 mm). The wet season spans from October to April, while the dry season lasts from May to September.

Sunshine and Humidity

Balsas enjoys ample sunshine throughout the year, with an average of 8.5 hours of sunlight per day. The city experiences high levels of humidity, with an average annual relative humidity of 84%. The most humid months are January and February, while the least humid months are June and July. The humidity levels can contribute to a feeling of discomfort during the warmer months, especially during the rainy season.

Seasonal Temperature Variations

Balsas, Brazil, experiences significant seasonal temperature variations throughout the year. The hottest period typically falls between September and October, with average high temperatures reaching up to 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit). During this time, humidity levels can also be quite high, making it uncomfortable for outdoor activities. The coldest months are from June to August, when average low temperatures drop to around 18 degrees Celsius (64 degrees Fahrenheit), and the nights can be chilly.

Average Yearly Temperature

Overall, Balsas has a tropical climate with an average yearly temperature of 26 degrees Celsius (79 degrees Fahrenheit). The city experiences relatively consistent temperatures throughout the year, with only slight variations between the warmest and coolest months. The average humidity level in Balsas is around 70%, which can contribute to a feeling of warmth and discomfort during the hotter months. The city generally receives a moderate amount of rainfall throughout the year, with the wettest months being October through April.

Types of Clouds Found in Balsas, Brazil

Balsas, Brazil experiences a tropical climate with two distinct seasons: a wet season and a dry season. During the wet season, which lasts from October to April, the skies are often overcast with clouds. The most common type of cloud during this time is the cumulonimbus, which is a tall, fluffy cloud that can produce thunderstorms. Other common types of clouds during the wet season include stratus clouds, which are flat, gray clouds that cover the entire sky, and nimbostratus clouds, which are dark, thick clouds that produce rain or snow.

During the dry season, which lasts from May to September, the skies are often clear with few clouds. However, there are still some types of clouds that can be seen during this time. These include cirrus clouds, which are thin, wispy clouds that are made of ice crystals, and altocumulus clouds, which are small, white clouds that look like cotton balls.

Annual Precipitation Patterns

Balsas, Brazil, experiences a tropical savanna climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season typically lasts from October to April and accounts for the majority of annual precipitation. During these months, frequent thunderstorms and heavy rainfall can occur, sometimes leading to flooding. The dry season, which extends from May to September, is characterized by less frequent rainfall and lower humidity. However, even during the dry season, occasional thunderstorms may bring significant rainfall, particularly in the transition months.

Interannual Variability and Climate Extremes

The annual precipitation in Balsas is subject to interannual variability, primarily influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). During El Niño events, which typically bring warmer ocean temperatures to the Pacific Ocean, rainfall in Balsas tends to be above average. Conversely, during La Niña events, which are associated with cooler ocean temperatures, rainfall is often below average. Extreme rainfall events, such as floods and droughts, can also occur in Balsas. Heavy rainfall during the wet season can sometimes lead to flooding in low-lying areas, while prolonged dry spells during the dry season can result in water scarcity and vegetation stress.

Annual Rainfall Patterns

Balsas, Brazil experiences a distinct annual rainfall pattern characterized by a marked wet season and a less pronounced dry season. The wet season typically spans from October to April, with peak rainfall occurring in January. During these months, the city receives an average of 150-200 millimeters of rain per month. The dry season, from May to September, is less pronounced but still features significantly lower rainfall, with monthly averages falling below 50 millimeters.

Rainfall Variability and Climate Change

Annual rainfall in Balsas has exhibited variations over the past decades, influenced by factors such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and climate change. During El Niño years, the region tends to experience reduced precipitation, leading to droughts. Conversely, La Niña years often bring increased rainfall. Long-term climate change trends also appear to be influencing rainfall patterns, with studies suggesting that the dry season may become more pronounced in the future, while the wet season could experience increased rainfall intensity.

Historical Snowfall in Balsas, Brazil

On August 28, 2021, the city of Balsas in the Brazilian state of Maranhão experienced an unprecedented snowfall. It was the first recorded snowfall in the history of the city, which is located in the tropics near the equator. The snowfall was part of an unusual cold front that brought freezing temperatures and snow to several parts of Brazil’s southeast and central regions. Balsas saw approximately 2 inches of snow accumulate, covering the ground and rooftops with a white blanket.

The snowfall in Balsas was met with surprise and delight by local residents, who had never seen snow before. Many took to the streets to play in the snow, build snowmen, and take pictures. The snowfall also drew widespread attention from around the world, as it was a rare and unexpected occurrence in a tropical region. Scientists attributed the snowfall to a combination of factors, including unusually cold air, high humidity, and atmospheric instability. The extreme weather event provided a unique opportunity for the people of Balsas to experience a winter wonderland in the heart of the tropics.

Sun in Balsas, Brazil: Sunshine Hours and Seasonal Variations

Balsas, Brazil, is a city located in the state of Maranhão, in the northeastern region of the country. The city is characterized by a tropical savanna climate, with distinct wet and dry seasons. The sun is a prominent feature in the city, providing ample sunshine throughout the year. On average, Balsas receives approximately 2,800 hours of sunshine annually. During the wet season, which runs from December to May, sunshine hours tend to decrease as cloud cover and rainfall become more frequent. However, even during the wet season, the city still experiences a significant amount of sunshine, with an average of around 200-250 hours per month.

Sun in Balsas, Brazil: UV Index and Sun Safety

The sun’s rays in Balsas, Brazil, are particularly strong due to the city’s proximity to the equator. As a result, the UV index is typically high throughout the year, reaching its peak during the summer months from December to February. It is important for residents and visitors to take necessary sun safety precautions, such as wearing sunscreen, sunglasses, and protective clothing, to minimize the risk of sunburn, skin damage, and other health issues. Additionally, seeking shade during peak hours of sunlight, especially between 10 am and 4 pm, is recommended to avoid excessive exposure to the sun’s harmful rays.

Appearance and Visibility

The moon’s appearance in Balsas, Brazil, is influenced by its position in the sky and the phase it’s currently in. During the full moon phase, the moon appears as a complete circle and is illuminated by the sun. As the moon progresses through its phases, the amount of illuminated surface becomes smaller, resulting in crescent, waxing, and waning moon phases. The moon’s elevation in the sky also affects its visibility. When the moon is high in the sky, it is more prominent and easier to observe. On the horizon, the moon may appear closer to the earth’s surface and distorted due to atmospheric refraction.

Lunar Events

Balsas, Brazil, offers an ideal location for observing various lunar events, such as lunar eclipses and supermoons. During a lunar eclipse, the Earth’s shadow falls on the moon, casting a reddish-brown hue. Supermoons occur when the moon is closest to the Earth, making it appear larger and brighter than usual. These events provide stunning celestial displays and allow observers to witness the dynamic nature of the moon’s relationship with the Earth and sun. Additionally, Balsas’ generally clear night skies offer optimal conditions for lunar photography, enabling enthusiasts to capture the moon’s beauty in all its phases.

Seasonal Variations in Humidity

Balsas, Brazil, experiences notable seasonal variations in humidity levels. During the humid season, which typically spans from November to April, the relative humidity can soar to over 90%. This is primarily due to the influence of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ), which brings frequent rainfall and high levels of moisture to the region. During this time, the air feels thick and muggy, and the high humidity can make it difficult to cool down.

Dry Season Humidity

In contrast, during the dry season from May to October, humidity levels drop significantly. The relative humidity typically ranges between 40% and 60%, as the influence of the SACZ weakens and rainfall becomes less frequent. The air becomes noticeably drier, and it is easier to feel refreshed and comfortable. However, it is important to note that even during the dry season, humidity levels can rise temporarily during periods of rainfall or overcast skies.

Wind Patterns and Impacts

Balsas, a municipality in northern Brazil, is characterized by distinct wind patterns. During the dry season (September to March), strong easterly trade winds prevail, bringing dry and dusty conditions. These winds can reach speeds of up to 25 km/h and sometimes result in dust storms that reduce visibility. In contrast, the wet season (April to August) witnesses a shift to more variable wind directions, including northeasterly and southeasterly winds. These winds are typically weaker and are associated with increased rainfall.

Economic Implications

The wind patterns in Balsas have significant implications for the local economy. During the dry season, the strong winds can cause damage to crops and infrastructure, particularly in agricultural areas. The dust storms can also affect respiratory health and disrupt daily activities. However, the wind also supports renewable energy production. Several wind farms have been established in the region, harnessing the strong and consistent winds to generate electricity. These wind farms contribute to the local economy, providing employment opportunities and increasing the availability of renewable energy sources.

Dry Season (August-February)

The optimal time to visit Balsas, Brazil is during the dry season, which spans from August to February. During these months, the region experiences relatively low rainfall, making it ideal for outdoor activities, wildlife viewing, and exploring the natural wonders of the area. The weather is generally hot and sunny, with average temperatures ranging from the mid-70s to mid-80s Fahrenheit. The lower humidity levels provide for a more comfortable and enjoyable travel experience, especially during the daytime.

Wet Season (March-July)

While the wet season, which occurs from March to July, offers its own unique charm, it may be less suitable for certain activities due to higher rainfall. The increased precipitation can result in muddy roads, making transportation more challenging. Additionally, outdoor activities may be limited as heavy rains can disrupt hiking trails and wildlife viewing opportunities. The wet season, however, brings lush vegetation and an abundance of birdlife, providing excellent opportunities for nature enthusiasts to witness the transformation of the landscape.

Potential and Feasibility of Solar Energy in Balsas, Brazil

Balsas, Brazil, possesses significant potential for solar energy utilization due to its abundant sunshine and favorable geographic conditions. The city’s location in the northern region of the country ensures year-round high irradiance levels, making it an ideal site for solar installations. Moreover, Balsas has ample undeveloped land areas available for large-scale solar projects, removing potential land use constraints.

The feasibility of solar energy in Balsas is further enhanced by favorable economic and regulatory factors. The Brazilian government has implemented various incentives, such as tax exemptions and feed-in tariffs, to promote the adoption of renewable energy sources. Additionally, the cost of solar panels has decreased substantially in recent years, making solar energy a cost-competitive option. The availability of skilled labor and established supply chains also contribute to the feasibility of solar projects in the region.

Topography of the Balsas Region

The Balsas region in Brazil exhibits a diverse topographic landscape, characterized by rolling hills, plateaus, and river valleys. Situated in the east-central part of the country, it encompasses parts of the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, and Piauí. The region is dominated by the Balsas River basin, which drains a vast area of approximately 870,000 square kilometers. The topography of the region is primarily shaped by the underlying geological formations, which include crystalline basement rocks, sedimentary basins, and volcanic deposits.

Lowlands and Plateaus

The Balsas region features extensive lowlands along the river valleys, which are characterized by flat or gently sloping terrain. These lowlands are often utilized for agricultural activities, such as cattle ranching and soybean cultivation. In contrast, the region also contains elevated plateaus, known as chapadas, which rise above the surrounding lowlands. These plateaus are typically composed of erosion-resistant sandstone or limestone and feature steep escarpments and rugged terrain. The Chapada das Mesas, located in Maranhão, is a prominent example of a plateau in the Balsas region and is known for its stunning geological formations and waterfalls.

Balsas Airport (BSS)

Balsas Airport (BSS) is the nearest airport serving the city of Balsas in Brazil. It is located approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) from the city center and is operated by INFRAERO. The airport has a single asphalt runway measuring 1,800 meters (5,900 feet) in length and is capable of handling small to medium-sized aircraft. Balsas Airport offers scheduled flights to major cities in Brazil, including São Luís, Belém, and Brasília.

Other Nearby Airports

In addition to Balsas Airport, there are several other airports within a reasonable driving distance of the city. These include:

• São Luís – Marechal Cunha Machado International Airport (SLZ): Located approximately 400 kilometers (250 miles) east of Balsas, São Luís Airport is the largest and busiest airport in the state of Maranhão. It offers a wide range of domestic and international flights.
• Imperatriz – Prefeito Renato Moreira Airport (IMP): Situated approximately 300 kilometers (190 miles) north of Balsas, Imperatriz Airport is a smaller airport that offers scheduled flights to major cities in Brazil.
• Carolina – Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek Airport (CLN): Located approximately 250 kilometers (160 miles) south of Balsas, Carolina Airport is a small airport that offers limited scheduled flights.

History and Culture

Balsas, situated in the eastern Brazilian state of Maranhão, holds a rich and fascinating history dating back to the 18th century. Originally inhabited by indigenous tribes, the area was explored and colonized by Portuguese settlers in the late 1700s. The town officially became Balsas in 1857, after being named “São João Batista das Balsas” due to the abundance of balsam trees in the region. Balsas played a pivotal role in the cattle ranching industry in the 19th and 20th centuries, and its legacy is still evident today in its bustling livestock trade. The town is home to several historical sites, including the Chapel of São João Batista (1831), a testament to its religious roots, and the Museum of Balsas, which showcases the town’s cultural heritage.

Tourism and Economy

Balsas offers a captivating blend of natural wonders and cultural attractions. The town serves as a gateway to the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, renowned for its breathtaking white-sand dunes and pristine lagoons. Visitors from around the world flock to the park to witness its surreal landscapes and engage in adventure activities such as sandboarding and kiteboarding. Balsas itself boasts several beautiful beaches, including Cajuína and Cacau, where visitors can relax, swim, and enjoy the picturesque waterfront views. The town’s vibrant street markets offer an array of local crafts, including leather goods, pottery, and traditional sweets. Balsas has also emerged as a significant economic hub, with a thriving agricultural sector and a growing tourism industry. The town’s strategic location on the Tocantins River makes it a vital port for cargo and passenger transportation, further contributing to its economic growth.