Az Zarqa’ Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Jordan

Climate

Az Zarqa’ in Jordan experiences a desert climate, characterized by extreme temperatures and a lack of significant rainfall. Summers are long, hot, and dry, with average temperatures ranging from 25°C (77°F) to 35°C (95°F) during the warmest months. The sun shines brightly for most of the year, with over 3,000 hours of sunshine per year.

Average Weather Year Round

The city experiences distinct seasons, with winter temperatures averaging between 5°C (41°F) and 15°C (59°F) and relatively high precipitation levels. January is typically the coldest month, with average temperatures dropping below 10°C (50°F). In contrast, July and August are the hottest months, with average temperatures reaching 30°C (86°F) or higher. Spring and autumn are typically warm and dry, with temperatures ranging from 15°C (59°F) to 25°C (77°F). Rainfall is sporadic throughout the year, with an average annual precipitation of around 200mm. However, infrequent but heavy rainfall can occur during the winter months, leading to flash flooding and waterlogging.

Annual and Monthly Averages

Az Zarqa’, Jordan, experiences a semi-arid climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The average annual temperature in Az Zarqa’ is approximately 17.5 degrees Celsius (64 degrees Fahrenheit). The warmest months are July and August, with average temperatures hovering around 28-30 degrees Celsius (83-86 degrees Fahrenheit). Conversely, the coldest months are January and February, where temperatures average about 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit).

The monthly temperature variations are relatively stable throughout the year, with only a moderate difference between the warmest and coldest months. The diurnal temperature range, or the difference between day and night temperatures, is also relatively low, with day temperatures typically being a few degrees warmer than night temperatures. This consistent temperature pattern is primarily attributed to Az Zarqa’s location in the Jordan Valley, which is sheltered by mountains from extreme weather conditions.

Cloud Cover in Az Zarqa’

Az Zarqa’, Jordan, experiences varying degrees of cloud cover throughout the year, influenced by factors such as altitude, proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, and seasonal weather patterns. During the winter months (December to February), cloud cover is generally higher due to the influence of cold fronts and increased precipitation. Stratus and nimbostratus clouds often dominate the sky, bringing overcast conditions and occasional rainfall.

In the spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November), cloud cover tends to be more variable. Clear skies are more common during these transitional periods, especially during the early morning and late afternoon. However, the passage of weather systems can bring periods of increased cloudiness, particularly during the afternoon when convective clouds develop. Cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds are frequently observed during these seasons.

During the summer months (June to August), cloud cover is typically the lowest throughout the year. This is due to the dominance of a subtropical high-pressure system that brings clear and stable atmospheric conditions. Cirrus and cirrocumulus clouds are often present in the upper atmosphere, while cumulus clouds are less frequent. However, occasional dust storms can bring temporary periods of increased cloudiness and reduce visibility.

Overview of Precipitation Patterns in Az Zarqa’, Jordan

Az Zarqa’, Jordan is characterized by a semi-arid climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. Annual precipitation is relatively low, averaging around 250 mm. The majority of precipitation falls during the winter months (November to April), with occasional thunderstorms occurring during the summer. The wet season is influenced by mid-latitude cyclones and frontal systems that bring moisture from the Mediterranean Sea.

Seasonal Distribution of Precipitation

December and January are typically the wettest months, receiving approximately 30-40 mm of precipitation each. Precipitation gradually decreases throughout the spring and summer months, with July and August being the driest, averaging less than 1 mm of rainfall per month. During the autumn, precipitation gradually increases again as the Mediterranean influences return. The summer months are often characterized by high temperatures and low humidity, resulting in a high potential for evaporation and limited rainfall.

Yearly Rainfall in Az Zarqa’, Jordan

Az Zarqa’, a city in west-central Jordan, experiences significant seasonal variation in rainfall. The city typically receives the majority of its annual precipitation during the winter months, from November to March. During this period, the region is influenced by the Mediterranean climate, bringing frequent storms and showers. The average yearly rainfall in Az Zarqa’ ranges from 200 to 300 millimeters (8-12 inches), with higher elevations receiving more precipitation. Summers, on the other hand, are characterized by extreme heat and extended periods of drought, with little or no rainfall occurring throughout the season.

Significance of Rainfall for Az Zarqa’, Jordan

Rainfall plays a crucial role in supporting the livelihoods and economic development of Az Zarqa’ and the surrounding areas. Agriculture is a primary industry in the region, and the availability of water during the winter months is essential for crop growth and irrigation. The city’s farmers rely heavily on rainfall to sustain their crops, including fruits, vegetables, and grains. In addition, the rainfall replenishes groundwater reserves, which are a vital source of drinking water and irrigation for the population of Az Zarqa’. Furthermore, the seasonal rainfall supports the growth of natural vegetation and helps maintain the biodiversity of the region.

Historical Snowfall in Az Zarqa’

Az Zarqa’, the third-largest city in Jordan, experienced an unprecedented snowfall event on January 24, 2023. The city, typically characterized by dry and warm weather, was blanketed in a thick layer of snow, reaching up to 20 centimeters in some areas. This snowfall is considered the heaviest in the city’s recorded history, surpassing previous records set decades ago. The unexpected snowfall caused widespread disruption, including school closures, delayed flights, and traffic congestion.

Impact on Infrastructure and Daily Life

The heavy snowfall had significant consequences for Az Zarqa’s infrastructure. The city’s electricity grid was compromised, resulting in power outages for several hours. Roads were impassable, leading to delays in essential services such as healthcare and emergency response. Public transportation was suspended, leaving residents stranded and businesses forced to close. The snowfall also caused damage to buildings, particularly older structures, due to the weight of the accumulated snow. Residents were advised to remain indoors, as the slippery conditions posed a safety hazard.

Sunrise and Sunset Times in Az Zarqa’, Jordan

The exact time of sunrise and sunset in Az Zarqa’, Jordan, varies slightly throughout the year due to the Earth’s orbit around the Sun and the tilt of its axis. However, on average, the sun rises in Az Zarqa’ around 6:00 AM and sets around 6:00 PM during the summer months. During the winter months, the sun rises around 7:00 AM and sets around 5:00 PM. The length of daytime in Az Zarqa’ ranges from approximately 12 hours in the summer to 10 hours in the winter.

Solar Radiation and Climate in Az Zarqa’, Jordan

Az Zarqa’, Jordan, receives abundant solar radiation throughout the year. The city lies in a semi-arid region with hot summers and mild winters. The average annual temperature in Az Zarqa’ is around 18 degrees Celsius (64 degrees Fahrenheit). During the summer months, temperatures can reach up to 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit), while during the winter months, temperatures can drop to around 5 degrees Celsius (41 degrees Fahrenheit). The high levels of solar radiation make Az Zarqa’ an ideal location for solar energy production. Several solar power plants have been built in the region, contributing to the city’s renewable energy goals.

Moon in Zarqa

The moon, as observed from Az Zarqa, Jordan, presents a breathtaking celestial spectacle. With its clear skies and minimal light pollution, Az Zarqa offers an exceptional viewing location for lunar enthusiasts. During the new moon phase, the night sky transforms into a velvety backdrop, affording an unobstructed view of the faintest stars. As the moon waxes, its ethereal glow gradually emerges, casting a soft luminescence over the surrounding landscape.

As the moon reaches its peak illumination during the full moon phase, it becomes the dominant celestial object in the night sky. Its radiant glow bathes the city in a silvery light, casting intricate shadows and creating an almost surreal atmosphere. The full moon in Az Zarqa captivates the senses, offering a mesmerizing sight that has inspired poets, writers, and artists throughout history.

Relative Humidity in Az Zarqa’, Jordan

Relative humidity, a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the maximum amount that it can hold at a given temperature, plays a crucial role in the weather of Az Zarqa’, Jordan. The city experiences a semi-arid climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. During the summer months, relative humidity levels typically range from 30% to 50%, contributing to the hot and uncomfortable conditions. This low humidity is primarily due to the city’s inland location and the descending air from the Jordan Plateau, which dries the atmosphere.

In contrast, during the winter months, relative humidity levels in Az Zarqa’ rise, ranging from 50% to 70%. This increase in humidity is attributed to the influence of the Mediterranean Sea, which brings moisture-carrying air masses to the region. The higher humidity levels during winter contribute to the cooler and more comfortable weather conditions experienced during this time.

Wind Patterns and Speed

Az Zarqa’, Jordan experiences consistent wind patterns throughout the year. The dominant wind direction is from the northwest, particularly during the summer months when the Mediterranean Sea breeze provides a refreshing respite from the heat. During winter, winds tend to come from the northeast, carrying moisture from the Arabian Desert. The wind speed in Az Zarqa’ varies depending on the season and time of day. In general, the windiest months are March and April, with average wind speeds reaching approximately 18 kilometers per hour (11 miles per hour). During the summer, winds are typically calmer, with average speeds ranging from 10 to 15 kilometers per hour (6-9 miles per hour).

Impacts of Wind

The wind in Az Zarqa’ has significant effects on the city’s environment and daily life. The strong winds during spring and summer help disperse pollutants, contributing to relatively clean air quality. However, dust and sand storms can occur, especially during dry periods, which can reduce visibility and pose health risks. The wind also plays a vital role in energy production, as Az Zarqa’ is home to several wind farms that harness the abundant wind resources. These farms provide a significant portion of the city’s electricity needs, promoting renewable energy and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

Spring (March-May)

Spring in Az Zarqa’ offers a delightful blend of moderate temperatures and stunning natural beauty. With average highs in the mid-60s, the weather is ideal for exploring the area’s many parks and green spaces. The city comes alive with vibrant colors as flowers bloom in abundance, creating a breathtaking spectacle. Visitors can witness the city transform into a kaleidoscope of hues, particularly in April and May when the wildflowers reach their peak.

Autumn (September-November)

Autumn in Az Zarqa’ is a season of tranquility and charm. As the summer heat fades, the temperatures become more pleasant, with average highs in the mid-70s. The foliage turns a vibrant shade of amber and gold, creating a picturesque landscape. During this time, visitors can enjoy a leisurely stroll through the city’s historic streets or take a scenic boat ride on Lake Zarqa, marveling at the beauty of nature as it prepares for winter.

Solar Energy Potential in Az Zarqa’

Az Zarqa’, a city in Jordan, possesses significant potential for harnessing solar energy due to its favorable climatic conditions. The city enjoys high levels of solar irradiance throughout the year, with an average of over 6 kWh/m²/day. This abundance of sunshine makes it an ideal location for solar energy installations. Moreover, the relatively flat terrain and availability of undeveloped land in Az Zarqa’ further enhance its suitability for large-scale solar projects.

Development and Implementation

In recent years, Jordan has made significant progress in developing its solar energy sector. The government has implemented several policies and incentives to encourage the adoption of solar technologies. In Az Zarqa’, numerous solar PV systems have been installed on rooftops, businesses, and public buildings. Additionally, several solar power plants have been constructed in the surrounding areas. The largest of these is the 100 MW Amman Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant, which was inaugurated in 2018. These projects contribute to reducing Jordan’s reliance on imported fossil fuels and diversifying its energy mix.

Climatic Impacts on Topography

Az Zarqa’, Jordan, is characterized by a rugged topography heavily influenced by climatic factors. The region experiences a semi-arid climate with extreme temperature fluctuations, limited rainfall, and prolonged droughts. These conditions have played a significant role in shaping the landscape over time. The intense heat and lack of moisture have led to extensive weathering and erosion, resulting in the formation of valleys, canyons, and mesas. The absence of vegetation cover further accentuates these erosion processes, exacerbating the ruggedness of the terrain.

Geological Processes and Mountain Formation

In addition to climatic forces, geological processes have also contributed to the distinctive topography of Az Zarqa’. The region is situated in the eastern foothills of the Jordan Rift Valley, where tectonic activity has created a complex geological setting. The collision of the African and Arabian tectonic plates has resulted in the formation of the Dead Sea Transform fault, a major geological fault line that runs through the area. The movement along this fault line has produced a series of uplifted blocks and down-faulted basins, giving rise to the rugged mountains and valleys that characterize the region. The mountains are composed primarily of limestone, marls, and sandstones, which have been further sculpted by the erosive forces of the environment.

Amman Queen Alia International Airport (AMM)

The nearest airport to Az Zarqa, Jordan is Amman Queen Alia International Airport (AMM), located approximately 15 kilometers (9 miles) west of the city center. AMM is the main international gateway to Jordan, handling a significant number of flights from destinations across the Middle East, Europe, Asia, and Africa. The airport features two passenger terminals, modern facilities, and a wide range of amenities including duty-free shops, restaurants, and currency exchange counters.

AMM is well-connected to Az Zarqa and other major destinations in Jordan by a network of highways and expressways. Taxis and buses are readily available at the airport, providing convenient transportation to and from Az Zarqa. Alternatively, visitors can rent a car at the airport for greater flexibility and convenience during their stay. The drive from AMM to Az Zarqa typically takes around 30-45 minutes, depending on traffic conditions.

History and Culture

Located in central Jordan, Zarqa has a rich history dating back to ancient times. It served as a trading post along the Silk Road, connecting the Mediterranean to the East. During the Ottoman era, Zarqa became a hub for the railway, connecting Jordan to Damascus and beyond. Today, Zarqa is a vibrant city with a diverse population and a blend of traditional and modern influences. The city boasts several historical and cultural landmarks, including the Ottoman-era train station and the Zarqa Archaeological Museum, which houses exhibits on the region’s ancient and Islamic past.

Economy and Industries

Zarqa is known as the “industrial capital” of Jordan due to its robust manufacturing sector. The city is home to a wide range of industries, including textiles, pharmaceuticals, food processing, and construction materials. The presence of the Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) in Zarqa has played a vital role in fostering innovation and technological advancements in the city. Zarqa is also an important commercial center, with several shopping malls and markets catering to both local and international shoppers. Its strategic location on the main highway connecting Amman to northern Jordan and neighboring countries makes it a hub for trade and transportation.