Astrakhan Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Russia

Summer

Astrakhan experiences hot summers, fueled by the influence of continental air masses from the east. The average temperature in July, the hottest month, reaches a comfortable 26°C (78.8°F), with highs frequently exceeding 30°C (86°F). During summer, the city enjoys long daylight hours, with sunshine lasting for up to 16 hours per day. However, the humidity can be quite high, making it feel even hotter than the actual temperature suggests. Occasional thunderstorms bring relief from the heat, but precipitation is generally scarce during the summer months.

Winter

Winters in Astrakhan can be harsh and unforgiving. The city is subjected to cold and dry air masses from the Siberian region, resulting in long and cold winters. Temperatures in January, the coldest month, typically hover around -4°C (24.8°F), with frequent dips below -10°C (14°F). The average snowfall in winter is around 25 cm (9.8 inches), but it can vary significantly from year to year. Winter storms can bring heavy snow, strong winds, and reduced visibility, making travel and outdoor activities challenging.

Winter in Astrakhan

Astrakhan, a city nestled in southern Russia, experiences chilly winters with average temperatures hovering between -2.5°C (27.5°F) in December and -5°C (23°F) in January and February. The coldest month is February, with temperatures dropping as low as -10.6°C (12.9°F) on average. Snowfall is common during winter, with an average of 25-30 cm (9.8-11.8 inches) of snow cover. The combination of cold temperatures and snowfall can make outdoor activities challenging, but the city’s beauty during this time of year is undeniable, with snow-covered landscapes and twinkling lights creating a picturesque atmosphere.

Summer in Astrakhan

In contrast to the chilly winters, summers in Astrakhan are typically warm and dry, with average temperatures ranging from 22.2°C (71.9°F) in June to 25.8°C (78.4°F) in July and August. The hottest month, July, experiences average highs of 30°C (86°F) and lows of 18.8°C (65.8°F). While humidity is generally low during summer, occasional heatwaves can push temperatures beyond 40°C (104°F), providing relief from the scorching sun by seeking shelter indoors or visiting the city’s many parks and green spaces.

Formation and Types

Clouds in Astrakhan, Russia are primarily formed by the interaction between the humid air coming from the Caspian Sea and the cooler air masses from Siberia. The primary cloud types observed are cirrus, cumulus, and stratocumulus. Cirrus clouds are high-altitude ice clouds with a wispy appearance. Cumulus clouds are puffy, isolated clouds that form at the base of the atmosphere. Stratocumulus clouds appear as a layer of gray or white clouds with rounded edges.

Influence on Weather

Clouds play a significant role in the weather patterns of Astrakhan. They can affect temperature, precipitation, and wind speed. Cirrus clouds, despite their high altitude, can indicate approaching weather changes. Cumulus clouds, when large and towering, can produce thunderstorms and heavy rainfall. Stratocumulus clouds often bring overcast conditions and drizzle. Additionally, clouds influence wind patterns by creating areas of low pressure which can result in changes in wind direction and speed.

Annual Precipitation

Astrakhan, situated in southeastern Russia, experiences an arid climate with scant precipitation throughout the year. The annual average precipitation amounts to approximately 230 millimeters (9 inches), distributed unevenly over the seasons. Winter and spring witness the lowest precipitation, while summer and autumn receive a slightly higher share but still well below the levels observed in more humid climates. The infrequent and sporadic nature of precipitation in Astrakhan has a significant influence on the region’s ecology, vegetation, and water availability.

Seasonal Distribution

The seasonal distribution of precipitation in Astrakhan follows a distinct pattern. Winter, spanning from December to February, is the driest period with an average precipitation of less than 15 millimeters (0.6 inches) per month. Spring, from March to May, witnesses a slight increase in precipitation to around 20-25 millimeters (0.8-1 inch) per month. Summer, encompassing June to August, emerges as the wettest season, contributing approximately 40-50 millimeters (1.6-2 inches) of monthly precipitation. Autumn, from September to November, receives a moderate amount of precipitation, averaging between 25-35 millimeters (1-1.4 inches) per month.

Annual Rainfall and Distribution

Astrakhan, a city located in southern Russia, experiences an annual rainfall of approximately 200-250 millimeters. The rainfall distribution is highly seasonal, with most precipitation occurring during the spring and summer months. From April to August, the city receives the majority of its rainfall, with an average of 40-50 millimeters per month. During the winter months (December to February), rainfall is significantly less, averaging only 10-15 millimeters per month.

Causes of Rainfall Patterns

The seasonal rainfall patterns in Astrakhan are primarily influenced by the city’s location and prevailing weather systems. During the spring and summer, warm and moist air from the Caspian Sea and western Russia moves over the region, resulting in increased rainfall. In contrast, during the winter months, cold and dry air masses dominate, suppressing rainfall. Additionally, the city’s proximity to the Caspian Sea provides some localized moisture, contributing to the higher rainfall amounts compared to surrounding areas.

Severity and Duration

On January 19, 2023, Astrakhan, Russia experienced a record-breaking snowfall, dumping over 20 inches of snow on the city. The heavy snow caused significant disruption, with traffic and transportation severely affected. Schools and businesses remained closed as the snow made it hazardous to travel. The extreme weather conditions persisted for several days, making it impossible to clear the streets and restore normal life.

Impacts on Infrastructure and Emergency Response

The massive snowfall brought down power lines and disrupted electricity supplies, leaving many residents without power. The weight of the snow also damaged buildings, leading to roof collapses and structural damage. Emergency services were overwhelmed with calls for assistance, as people became stranded in cars and homes. The city’s infrastructure was severely strained, with snow removal operations stretched to their limits. The government deployed additional resources to help clear the streets, but progress was slow due to the relentless snowstorm. The extreme weather conditions posed a major challenge for rescue workers and relief efforts.

Sunrise and Sunset Times in Astrakhan

Astrakhan, a city in southern Russia, experiences significant variations in daylight hours throughout the year. During the summer months, the sun rises as early as 4:30 AM and sets around 9:30 PM, providing ample sunlight for outdoor activities. The longest day of the year occurs around June 21st, when the sun remains above the horizon for approximately 16 hours.

In contrast, during the winter months, daylight hours are much shorter. The sun rises around 8:00 AM and sets early, often before 5:00 PM. The shortest day of the year occurs around December 21st, with only about 8 hours of sunlight. It is essential to note that the actual sunrise and sunset times can vary slightly depending on the specific location within Astrakhan and the time zone observed.

Moon in Astrakhan

The city of Astrakhan, located in southern Russia on the Caspian Sea, offers a captivating celestial experience when the moon rises. As the night curtain descends, the moon ascends majestically over the Caspian waters, casting an ethereal glow across the city’s skyline. The golden domes of the historic Astrakhan Kremlin shimmer under the moonlight, creating a surreal and enchanting ambiance. The moon’s radiant illumination transforms the majestic bridges spanning the Volga River into ethereal conduits, their intricate structures casting shadows that dance on the water.

During the full moon, Astrakhan’s celestial spectacle reaches its peak. The moon’s silvery orb hangs low on the horizon, its luminous glow illuminating the city’s historic architecture. The crumbling walls of the Astrakhan Kremlin, a testament to the city’s rich history, are bathed in the moon’s soft light, revealing their intricate details and evocative past. The moon’s presence casts a spell over the city, creating an atmosphere of mystery and wonder. Locals and visitors alike gather on the banks of the Volga River, captivated by the celestial display that unfolds before their eyes. The moon’s presence seems to slow time, inviting a moment of contemplation and awe.

Seasonal Humidity Variation

Astrakhan, Russia experiences significant seasonal variations in humidity. During the hot summer months, from June to August, the average relative humidity ranges from 65% to 80%. The high humidity levels, combined with the warm temperatures, can create a sultry and uncomfortable atmosphere. Conversely, during the cold winter months, from December to February, the relative humidity drops to an average of 60% to 70%. The low humidity, coupled with the freezing temperatures, can cause dry skin and respiratory problems.

Influence of Caspian Sea

The proximity of the Caspian Sea has a profound influence on the humidity in Astrakhan. The vast expanse of water acts as a source of moisture, contributing to the generally high humidity levels in the region. However, the influence of the sea is most pronounced during the summer months when the winds from the Caspian Sea advect moisture over the city. In contrast, during the winter months, when the winds are predominantly from the north and east, the humidity levels in Astrakhan are lower due to the reduced proximity to the sea and the cold, dry air from the Siberian hinterland.

Wind Patterns

Astrakhan, situated in southern Russia, experiences a temperate continental climate, characterized by hot summers and cold winters. The wind patterns in Astrakhan are primarily driven by the seasonal shifts in atmospheric circulation. During the summer months, the prevailing wind direction is from the southeast, bringing warm and dry air masses from the Caspian Sea. In winter, the wind direction switches to the northwest, carrying cold air masses from the Arctic. The average wind speed in Astrakhan ranges from 3 to 4 meters per second throughout the year.

Role of the Caspian Sea

The proximity of Astrakhan to the Caspian Sea has a significant influence on the city’s wind patterns. The Caspian Sea acts as a large heat reservoir, absorbing solar radiation during the summer and releasing it during the winter. This temperature gradient creates a pressure difference between the sea and the land, leading to the formation of onshore and offshore winds. During the day, when the land is heated by the sun, an onshore breeze develops, carrying sea breezes into Astrakhan. Conversely, during the night, when the land cools faster than the sea, an offshore breeze occurs, carrying land breezes over the Caspian Sea.

Best time to visit in Astrakhan, Russia

The best time to visit Astrakhan is during the shoulder seasons, from April to May and from September to October. During these months, the weather is mild and pleasant, with average temperatures ranging from 15-25°C (59-77°F). The skies are often clear and sunny, making it ideal for exploring the city and its surroundings.

Summer in Astrakhan can be hot and humid, with temperatures reaching up to 40°C (104°F). The high temperatures can make it uncomfortable to spend extended periods of time outdoors, so it’s best to plan your activities for the early morning or late evening. Winter in Astrakhan is cold and snowy, with temperatures dropping below freezing. The city can be shrouded in fog for days, making it difficult to see the sights. If you’re planning to visit Astrakhan in winter, be sure to pack warm clothing and be prepared for cold weather.

Solar Energy Potential

Astrakhan, Russia, has significant potential for solar energy utilization due to its favorable geographical location in the Caspian Sea region. The city receives an average of 2,600 sunshine hours annually, making it one of the sunniest regions in Russia. This high level of solar irradiance provides an ample resource for solar power generation. Moreover, the region’s vast, open spaces offer optimal conditions for the installation of large-scale solar farms.

Solar Energy Development

Despite its potential, the development of solar energy in Astrakhan is still in its early stages. Currently, there are no grid-connected solar power plants in the region, but several projects are under way. The largest of these is the 100-MW Astrakhan Solar Power Plant, which is expected to be commissioned in 2025. Additionally, the regional government has set a target of generating 10% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030, including solar energy. This goal is supported by the availability of financial incentives and regulatory measures aimed at promoting solar energy development.

Embankments and Dikes

The topography of Astrakhan, Russia, is characterized by its proximity to the Caspian Sea and the Volga River, which have played a significant role in shaping its landscape. To protect the city from flooding, extensive embankments and dikes have been constructed along the Volga’s banks. These structures serve as barriers against rising water levels, particularly during spring runoff and periods of heavy rainfall. The embankments are often reinforced with concrete and stone, and they provide a crucial buffer zone between the river and the city’s infrastructure.

Floodplains and Waterways

Another notable feature of Astrakhan’s topography is its floodplains, which extend far beyond the city’s immediate boundaries. These low-lying areas are prone to inundation during periods of high water, and they serve as natural reservoirs that help to regulate the flow of the Volga River. Numerous waterways, including canals and rivers, crisscross the city and provide a network of transportation and drainage routes. These waterways are also important for irrigation and supply water to nearby agricultural areas. The Bukharka River, which flows through the city, is a notable example of a waterway that plays a significant role in shaping Astrakhan’s topography and urban landscape.

Astrakhan Airport (ASF)

Astrakhan Airport is the main airport serving the city of Astrakhan, Russia. It is located about 11 kilometers (7 miles) northwest of the city center. The airport has one terminal and one runway. It is served by several airlines, including Aeroflot, Rossiya Airlines, and UTair. The airport offers scheduled flights to major cities in Russia, as well as to some international destinations.

Getting to and from the airport

There are several ways to get to and from Astrakhan Airport. The most convenient way is by taxi. The taxi rank is located outside the terminal building. The fare to the city center is about 500 rubles (about $8). There is also a bus service that runs between the airport and the city center. The bus stop is located outside the terminal building. The fare is about 100 rubles (about $1.50).

Geography and Climate

Astrakhan is situated at the meeting point of the Volga and Kura rivers, in the southeastern part of Russia. It is the capital of the Astrakhan Oblast. The city is located in the Volga Delta, which is a vast wetland area. The delta is home to many different species of birds, fish, and other animals. Astrakhan is also a major port city, and it is an important economic and cultural center for the region.

The climate in Astrakhan is continental, with hot summers and cold winters. The average temperature in July is 24 degrees Celsius (75 degrees Fahrenheit), and the average temperature in January is -6 degrees Celsius (21 degrees Fahrenheit). Astrakhan receives an average of 250 millimeters (10 inches) of precipitation per year.