As Safirah Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Syria

Summer in As Safirah

As Safirah experiences hot and dry summers. The average temperature in July, the warmest month, is a scorching 32°C (90°F). The hottest temperatures can reach up to 40°C (104°F) or higher, making it uncomfortable to stay outdoors for extended periods. The summer months receive minimal rainfall, with an average of less than 5mm per month. The lack of precipitation, combined with the high temperatures, can lead to drought conditions and water scarcity. However, the evenings tend to be more comfortable, with temperatures dropping into the low 20s (°C).

Winter in As Safirah

In contrast to the summer months, As Safirah experiences cold and wet winters. The average temperature in January, the coldest month, is a chilly 8°C (46°F). Nighttime temperatures can drop below freezing, reaching -2°C (28°F) or lower. Snowfall is common during the winter, with an average of 10-15 days of snow cover. Precipitation is more frequent during the winter months, with an average of 50-75mm of rainfall per month. The combination of cold temperatures and precipitation can result in snowy and icy conditions, making it challenging to navigate the city.

Winter Averages

As Safirah experiences cold, wet winters. The average temperature in January, the coldest month, is 4.6°C (40.3°F). During this time, temperatures can drop below freezing at night, and snowfall is common. The coldest temperature ever recorded in As Safirah was -12.2°C (10°F) in January 1950.

Summer Averages

In contrast, summers in As Safirah are hot and dry. The average temperature in July, the warmest month, is 32°C (89.6°F). During the summer months, temperatures can often reach 40°C (104°F) or higher. The driest month of the year is June, when the city receives an average of only 0.2mm of rain.

Cloud Types

As Safirah experiences a diverse range of cloud types throughout the year. During winter months, low clouds often dominate the sky, including stratus, nimbostratus, and stratocumulus. These clouds typically produce precipitation in the form of rain or drizzle. In contrast, summer skies are characterized by the frequent presence of high clouds such as cirrus, cirrocumulus, and cirrostratus. These clouds are thin and composed of ice crystals, allowing sunlight to pass through and creating a bright, hazy appearance.

Cloud Cover

The extent of cloud cover can significantly impact the local climate of As Safirah. During the winter season, the sky is often overcast with thick cloud cover, resulting in reduced sunlight and lower temperatures. This cloud cover can also contribute to fog and mist formation, further reducing visibility. In contrast, summer months experience less cloud cover, leading to ample sunshine and warmer temperatures. The clear skies during this period favor agricultural activities and outdoor recreation. However, cloud cover can increase during summer evenings as convective clouds develop due to rising air currents in the atmosphere.

Seasonal Precipitation Patterns

As Safirah experiences a Mediterranean climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The wet season typically spans from November to April, with an average precipitation of 50-60 mm per month. During this period, rainfall is frequent and can be heavy at times, contributing significantly to the region’s water resources. In contrast, the dry season extends from May to October and receives minimal precipitation, generally less than 20 mm per month. The lack of rain during these months can lead to prolonged droughts and water shortages.

Long-Term Precipitation Trends

Historical precipitation data for As Safirah reveals an overall decline in precipitation over the past few decades. This trend aligns with observations of climate change in the region, which has led to increased variability and extremes in precipitation patterns. While some years may experience abundant rainfall, others may face prolonged dry spells or intense droughts. These changes have significant implications for the local agricultural sector, as well as the availability of water resources for domestic and industrial use. As a result, there is a need for proactive adaptation measures to mitigate the potential impacts of changing precipitation patterns on the region’s economy and environment.

Monthly Rainfall Distribution

The annual precipitation in As Safirah is characterized by a Mediterranean rainy season, with a distinct wet season from October to May and a virtually rainless dry season from June to September. During the wet season, rainfall is fairly consistent, averaging between 15 and 30 mm (0.6-1.2 in) per month. December and January typically experience the highest monthly rainfall, averaging around 30 mm (1.2 in). The wet season rainfall accounts for approximately 85% of the annual total.

Annual Rainfall Variability

Annual rainfall in As Safirah exhibits notable variability, both inter-annually and over longer time scales. The average annual rainfall over the past three decades has been around 350 mm (14 in), but individual years can deviate significantly from this average. For example, in 2010, the city received over 500 mm (20 in) of rainfall, while in 2016, it received less than 200 mm (8 in). This variability is influenced by a range of factors, including variations in atmospheric circulation patterns and changes in the frequency and intensity of rain-bearing systems.

Snowfall in As Safirah, Syria

The city of As Safirah, located in eastern Syria, experienced a rare and heavy snowfall in January 2023. The region, known for its hot and dry summers, was blanketed in a thick layer of snow, causing widespread disruption and affecting the lives of thousands of residents. The snowfall paralyzed transportation, closed schools and businesses, and hindered access to basic services. The snow also left many homes without electricity and heating, exacerbating the already challenging living conditions in the war-torn country.

Relief efforts were quickly organized by local authorities and international humanitarian organizations. Snow removal teams worked tirelessly to clear roads and make essential services accessible. Emergency shelters were set up to provide warmth and shelter to the most vulnerable, including the elderly, children, and those with pre-existing medical conditions. The international community also stepped in to provide aid, with countries such as Russia and Iran sending humanitarian assistance, including food, blankets, and medical supplies. The snowfall in As Safirah highlighted the resilience of the Syrian people and the challenges they continue to face amidst ongoing conflict and severe weather events.

Sunrise

In As Safirah, Syria, the sun rises in the east as it does in most parts of the world. The exact time of sunrise varies throughout the year, influenced by the Earth’s tilt and the city’s latitude. During the summer months, sunrise occurs earlier, around 4:30 to 5:00 AM, bathing the city in a warm glow as the day begins. As winter approaches, sunrise shifts to later hours, occurring between 6:30 and 7:00 AM. The sky transitions from a deep indigo to a rosy hue as the sun ascends, casting long shadows across the landscape.

Sunset

As the day draws to a close, the sun sets in the west over As Safirah. The skies erupt in a vibrant canvas of colors, ranging from fiery reds and oranges to golden yellows and purples. This mesmerizing spectacle begins around 5:30 to 6:00 PM during the summer and gradually shifts to earlier times as winter approaches. As the sun dips below the horizon, it bathes the city in a golden glow, casting an ethereal ambiance over the buildings and streets. The fading sunlight transforms As Safirah into a picturesque scene, inviting residents and visitors alike to witness the beauty of nature’s farewell.

Moon’s Position in As Safirah, Syria

As Safirah, a city in northern Syria, experiences variations in the Moon’s position throughout the month. During the new Moon phase, the Moon is not visible in the night sky as it aligns between the Earth and Sun. As the Moon orbits Earth, it gradually becomes visible as a thin crescent waxing towards its first quarter.

Moon Phases and Visibility

In As Safirah, the exact time and appearance of each Moon phase may vary slightly due to geographical factors. The full Moon, when the Moon’s entire face is illuminated by sunlight, typically occurs around the middle of the month. During this phase, the Moon is visible throughout the night, rising in the east and setting in the west. After the full Moon, it enters its waning phase, gradually decreasing in size and becoming more visible in the morning sky.

Distribution of Humidity in As Safirah, Syria

As Safirah, located in northeastern Syria, experiences significant variations in humidity throughout the year. During the summer months (June to September), humidity levels are typically low, averaging around 30%. This is due to the hot and dry conditions that prevail during this time of year, with temperatures often exceeding 35 degrees Celsius.

In contrast, during the winter months (December to March), humidity levels in As Safirah rise significantly, averaging around 70%. This increase in humidity is primarily attributed to the cold and wet conditions that characterize the winter season, with temperatures often dropping below 10 degrees Celsius. Additionally, the presence of the Euphrates River, which flows nearby, also contributes to the higher humidity levels during this time.

Impact of Humidity on As Safirah

The varying humidity levels in As Safirah have several impacts on the city and its inhabitants. The low humidity during the summer months can lead to dry skin and respiratory problems for some individuals. In addition, the dry conditions can contribute to increased fire hazards. Conversely, the high humidity during the winter months can make the cold temperatures feel even colder, and can also contribute to the formation of fog and ice. Furthermore, the high humidity can create favorable conditions for the growth of mold and mildew, potentially leading to indoor air quality issues.

Wind Speed and Direction in As Safirah, Syria

As Safirah, Syria experiences a predominantly westerly wind pattern throughout the year. The average wind speed ranges from 10 to 15 kilometers per hour (6 to 9 miles per hour), with slight variations across the seasons. During the summer months, winds tend to be slightly stronger, reaching up to 18 kilometers per hour (11 miles per hour) on average. In contrast, winter winds are typically calmer, averaging around 10 kilometers per hour (6 miles per hour).

Seasonal Wind Patterns

The wind direction in As Safirah exhibits distinct seasonal patterns. During the spring and summer, the predominant wind direction is from the west and southwest, bringing warm air from the Mediterranean Sea. These winds often carry moisture and can lead to occasional rainfall. In the autumn and winter months, winds shift to the north and northeast, originating from continental regions. These winds are typically colder and drier, occasionally bringing dust and sand from the surrounding desert areas. The transition between these seasonal wind patterns occurs gradually, with a gradual shift in wind direction and speed over several weeks.

Spring and Autumn (March-May and September-November)

The ideal time to visit As Safirah, Syria, falls during the spring and autumn months. During these seasons, temperatures are generally mild and pleasant, ranging from 15 to 25 degrees Celsius (59 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit). The skies are mostly clear, providing ample sunshine for outdoor activities. The lack of extreme heat and humidity makes it comfortable to explore the town and its surroundings. Additionally, the blooming flowers in spring and the vibrant foliage in autumn create a picturesque backdrop for strolls and photography.

Summer (June-August)

While As Safirah is still accessible during the summer months, it is not the most favorable time to visit due to the intense heat and limited rainfall. Temperatures can soar to 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit) or higher, making it uncomfortable to spend extended periods outdoors. The scorching sun and lack of shade can be taxing on visitors, especially during the midday hours. It is important to take precautions such as staying hydrated, seeking shade, and choosing indoor activities during this time.

Potential for Solar Energy in As Safirah, Syria

As Safirah has significant potential for solar energy utilization due to its favorable geographical location. The city lies in the central region of Syria, which receives an average of 5.5-6.0 kWh/m²/day of solar radiation, among the highest in the country. The clear skies and low humidity levels further enhance the city’s suitability for solar energy projects.

The installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems and solar thermal collectors could provide substantial benefits for As Safirah. Solar PV systems could generate electricity for residential, commercial, and industrial use, reducing the city’s reliance on conventional energy sources and potentially lowering energy costs. Solar thermal collectors, on the other hand, could be used for water heating, which would also contribute to energy savings and reduce the demand for fossil fuels.

Topography of As Safirah Plateau, Syria

As Safirah is located on a plateau in northeastern Syria, known as the As Safirah Plateau. The plateau is a vast and arid region, characterized by rolling hills and shallow depressions. The elevation of the plateau ranges from 400 to 600 meters above sea level, with the highest point being Mount Abu Rujmayn, at 610 meters. The plateau is covered with a thin layer of vegetation, primarily scrubland and scattered trees. The climate of the plateau is hot and dry, with long, hot summers and short, mild winters. The average annual precipitation is around 200 millimeters, mostly falling during the winter months.

Hydrography and Geology of As Safirah, Syria

The As Safirah Plateau is drained by several seasonal streams, which flow into the Euphrates River to the west. The largest of these streams is the Wadi al-Aswad, which rises in the Jabal Abd al-Aziz mountains to the east and flows through the center of the plateau. The geology of the plateau is dominated by limestone and sandstone formations, which have been eroded by wind and water over time. The plateau is also home to a number of natural caves and sinkholes. The most famous of these is the Ain al-Sabiya, a spring that is located in a cave on the western edge of the plateau. The spring is a popular tourist destination and is known for its clear, cold water.

Nearest Airport to As Safirah, Syria

The nearest airport to As Safirah, Syria, is Raqqa Civil Airport (RQE), located approximately 37 kilometers (23 miles) to the north. This domestic airport offers limited scheduled flights to Damascus International Airport (DAM) and Aleppo International Airport (ALP).

Alternative Airports

For international flights, the most convenient airport to As Safirah is Aleppo International Airport (ALP), located approximately 110 kilometers (68 miles) to the southwest. This airport offers a wider range of domestic and international connections, including flights to major cities in the Middle East and Europe. However, due to the ongoing conflict in Syria, Aleppo International Airport is not currently operational for commercial flights.

Another alternative airport is Damascus International Airport (DAM), located approximately 220 kilometers (137 miles) to the southwest. This airport offers a larger number of international connections, but it is also subject to restrictions and travel advisories due to the ongoing conflict.

About Safirah, Syria

Safirah is a city in Syria, located in Aleppo Governorate. It is situated in the northeastern part of the country, 45 kilometers from the city of Aleppo. Safirah has a population of approximately 40,000 people and is known for its agricultural production, particularly olives and grapes. The city is also home to a number of historical and religious sites, including the ancient ruins of the city of Ebla and the Maronite Church of Our Lady of the Annunciation.

History of Safirah, Syria

The history of Safirah dates back to ancient times, with archaeological evidence indicating that the area was inhabited as early as the Bronze Age. During the Greco-Roman period, Safirah was known as “Barbalissos” and was an important city on the trade route between Antioch and the Euphrates River. In the 8th century AD, Safirah was conquered by the Arabs and became part of the Umayyad Caliphate. The city flourished under the Umayyads and became an important center of learning and culture. In the 13th century, Safirah was conquered by the Mongols and later by the Mamluks. In the 16th century, the city became part of the Ottoman Empire and remained under Ottoman rule until the early 20th century.