Arkhangelsk Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Russia

Summer

Summer in Arkhangelsk is relatively mild, with average temperatures ranging from 12°C (54°F) in June to 17°C (63°F) in July and August. The days are long, with up to 18 hours of daylight, and the nights are short and cool. While occasional rainfall occurs, the sun shines brightly for most of the season. This pleasant weather allows for outdoor activities such as swimming, fishing, and hiking.

Winter

Winter in Arkhangelsk is long and harsh, lasting from October to April. Average temperatures plummet below freezing, reaching lows of -15°C (5°F) in January and February. The days are short, with only a few hours of daylight, and the nights are long and dark. Snowfall is abundant, covering the ground in a thick blanket. Extreme cold and icy conditions can make outdoor activities challenging, but visitors may enjoy winter sports such as cross-country skiing and ice fishing.

Average Monthly Temperature

Arkhangelsk, Russia, experiences a humid continental climate, characterized by long and cold winters and short, cool summers. The city’s average monthly temperatures vary significantly throughout the year. The coldest months are January and February, with average temperatures dipping below freezing, at around -13°C (8.6°F). As spring approaches, temperatures gradually rise, reaching a mild 1-2°C (33.8-35.6°F) in April.

Summer and Autumn Temperatures

Summer in Arkhangelsk lasts from June to August and is relatively short and cool. Average temperatures in these months hover around 15-17°C (59-62.6°F), providing some respite from the harsh winter conditions. However, even during summer, nights can be chilly, dipping to around 10°C (50°F). Autumn arrives in September, bringing cooler temperatures that quickly drop below 10°C (50°F) by October. By November, the city enters winter mode, with temperatures falling to below freezing point.

Cloud Cover and Precipitation

Arkhangelsk, Russia experiences a humid continental climate characterized by frequent cloud cover. The average annual cloud cover is around 75-80%, with higher levels in winter and spring and lower levels in summer and autumn. During the winter months, the city often experiences extended periods of overcast skies, resulting in limited sunlight. In contrast, summer and early autumn bring more sunshine, with clearer skies and less precipitation.

Types of Clouds

The cloud cover in Arkhangelsk is predominantly composed of mid-level and high-level clouds. Stratus and stratocumulus clouds are common during overcast periods, while cirrus and cirrocumulus clouds often appear in the upper atmosphere. Cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds are more prevalent in the summer months and can bring sudden showers or thunderstorms. The presence of different cloud types influences the amount of sunlight reaching the ground, the temperature, and the likelihood of precipitation.

Seasonal Precipitation Patterns

Arkhangelsk experiences distinct seasonal variations in precipitation throughout the year. The wettest period occurs from August to October, with an average monthly precipitation of over 60 millimeters. This precipitation is often associated with the passage of low-pressure systems and fronts from the west, bringing moist air from the Atlantic Ocean. Conversely, the driest months are typically March and April, with average monthly precipitation below 30 millimeters. During these months, cold, dry air masses from the east dominate the region, resulting in minimal precipitation.

Annual Precipitation Totals and Distribution

Arkhangelsk’s annual precipitation totals average approximately 600 millimeters, placing it within the moderate precipitation range. The distribution of precipitation throughout the year is relatively even, with no pronounced wet or dry seasons. However, long-term precipitation records indicate a slight increase in precipitation over the past few decades, potentially due to climate change and the increasing frequency and intensity of rainfall events.

Rainfall Patterns

Arkhangelsk, a city located in northwestern Russia, experiences a humid continental climate characterized by chilly summers and bitterly cold winters. Rainfall patterns in Arkhangelsk exhibit significant seasonal variations. During the winter months, precipitation primarily occurs as snow, with an average monthly snowfall of over 20 centimeters from December to February. In contrast, summer brings a marked increase in rain, responsible for approximately 60% of the city’s annual precipitation. The wettest months are June and July, which receive an average of 70 millimeters of rainfall each.

Annual Variability

Annual rainfall in Arkhangelsk is influenced by various factors, including atmospheric circulation patterns and the proximity to the White Sea. The city experiences significant interannual variability in precipitation, with annual totals ranging from 500 to 800 millimeters. Droughts are uncommon, but periods of intense rainfall can occur during the summer months, sometimes leading to localized flooding. In recent years, Arkhangelsk has experienced a slight increase in average annual precipitation, attributed to the effects of climate change. As global temperatures continue to rise, it is anticipated that precipitation patterns in the region will continue to evolve, potentially leading to more frequent and severe extreme weather events.

Snowfall Patterns and Climate

Arkhangelsk, situated in northwestern Russia, experiences significant snowfall during the winter months. The city lies in the subarctic climate zone, characterized by long, cold winters and short, relatively warm summers. The average annual snowfall in Arkhangelsk is around 120 centimeters (47 inches). Snowfall typically begins in October and continues until April, with the peak season occurring in December and January.

The snowfall in Arkhangelsk is influenced by several factors, including the proximity to the Barents Sea, which supplies moisture-laden air, and the prevailing westerly winds that carry this moisture inland. The city’s location on the White Sea coast also contributes to the heavy snowfall, as the sea acts as a source of additional moisture and creates a localized cold front. The high latitude of Arkhangelsk also plays a role, as it results in long periods of darkness and low temperatures, which favor the formation of snow.

Sun in Arkhangelsk, Russia

Arkhangelsk, Russia experiences significant variation in daylight hours throughout the year due to its high latitude. During the summer months, the city enjoys long days with extended periods of daylight. The sun rises as early as 3:30 am during the summer solstice and sets late in the evening, sometimes after 11:30 pm. The extended daylight hours allow for ample opportunities for outdoor activities, festivals, and other events.

In contrast, during the winter months, Arkhangelsk experiences very short days with limited daylight. The sun rises late, often around 10:30 am, and sets early, sometimes before 4:00 pm. The reduced daylight hours can impact daily routines, and residents may need to use artificial lighting for a significant portion of the day. The period from late November to mid-January is known as the polar night, during which the sun remains below the horizon, resulting in complete darkness.

Moon Visibility in Arkhangelsk, Russia

Arkhangelsk, a port city located in northern Russia, experiences significant variations in moon visibility throughout the year due to its high latitude and seasonal changes. During the summer months (May to July), Arkhangelsk enjoys long periods of almost continuous daylight, known as the “White Nights.” During this time, the moon may not be visible at all for several nights or may only appear for a short duration around midnight. This phenomenon occurs because the sun remains above the horizon for an extended period, casting a bright glow that overshadows the moon’s light.

In contrast, during the winter months (December to February), Arkhangelsk experiences prolonged periods of darkness, known as the “Polar Nights.” During this time, the moon is often visible for extended periods, as the sun remains below the horizon for most of the day. The full moon during these months can illuminate the snowy landscapes of Arkhangelsk, casting an ethereal glow over the frozen streets and buildings. The moon’s presence provides a welcome source of light and guidance during the darkest and coldest months of the year.

Humidity Patterns

Arkhangelsk, a port city in northwestern Russia, experiences a notable range of humidity levels throughout the year. The average annual relative humidity is around 75%, with significant fluctuations based on the season. During the colder months, from November to April, humidity levels tend to be higher, often reaching 85% or more. This is attributed to the colder temperatures, which reduce the capacity of the air to hold moisture.

In contrast, the summer months, from May to October, bring lower humidity levels to Arkhangelsk. During this period, the average relative humidity drops to around 65-70%. The warmer temperatures allow the air to hold more moisture, resulting in a drier and more comfortable climate.

Impact on Daily Life

The humidity levels in Arkhangelsk have a noticeable impact on the city’s residents and visitors. During the winter months, the high humidity can contribute to a feeling of dampness and discomfort indoors. It can also exacerbate respiratory issues for those with allergies or asthma. Conversely, the lower humidity during the summer months makes it more pleasant to spend time outdoors, as the air feels less sticky and oppressive.

Wind Characteristics

Arkhangelsk, located in northern Russia, experiences a humid continental climate characterized by cold, snowy winters and short, mild summers. The wind patterns in Arkhangelsk are primarily influenced by the seasonal movements of the Arctic air masses and the proximity to the White Sea. During the winter months (December to February), the prevailing wind direction is northwesterly, bringing cold and dry air from the Arctic. In the summer (June to August), the wind shifts to the southeast, carrying warmer and more humid air from the White Sea.

Wind Speeds and Variability

The average wind speed in Arkhangelsk is moderate, typically ranging from 4 to 6 m/s (14 to 21 mph) throughout the year. However, strong gusty winds are not uncommon, especially during the winter months. The highest wind speeds are typically recorded in February and March, with gusts exceeding 20 m/s (72 mph) occasionally occurring. The wind speeds tend to be lower in the summer, with average wind speeds dropping below 4 m/s (14 mph) in July and August. The wind direction is generally more variable during the transition months (April-May and September-October), influenced by the changing weather patterns associated with the movement of air masses.

Summer (June-August)

Summer in Arkhangelsk offers a unique blend of natural beauty and cultural experiences. The midnight sun casts a golden glow over the city throughout the night, creating an ethereal atmosphere. Temperatures hover around 15-20°C, making it ideal for outdoor activities such as boat trips along the Northern Dvina River and exploring the nearby Solovetsky Islands, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city comes alive during this time with festivals and events, including the White Nights Festival, featuring performances from renowned artists and musicians.

Winter (December-February)

While Arkhangelsk may experience harsh winters with temperatures dropping to -15°C, it offers a captivating wonderland of snow and ice. The Northern Lights dance across the night sky, casting vibrant hues of green, red, and purple. Outdoor enthusiasts can indulge in ice skating, ice fishing, and snowmobiling in the surrounding forests. The city transforms into a festive hub with Christmas markets, ice sculptures, and traditional Russian celebrations. The Malye Korely Open Air Museum provides a glimpse into the region’s rural heritage, showcasing traditional wooden architecture and customs during the winter months.

Solar Energy Potential in Arkhangelsk, Russia

Arkhangelsk, located in northwestern Russia, has a long and harsh winter. However, despite its high latitude, Arkhangelsk has a surprisingly high solar energy potential. The city receives an average of 1000 kWh/m2 of solar radiation per year, which is comparable to many areas in Central and Southern Europe. This potential is due to the region’s relatively low cloud cover and high levels of direct sunlight during the summer months.

Barriers to Solar Energy Development

Despite the high solar energy potential, there are several barriers to the development of solar energy in Arkhangelsk. First, the long winter nights make it difficult to generate solar electricity during the coldest months of the year. Second, the high cost of installing and maintaining solar panels can make it difficult for businesses and homeowners to justify the investment. Finally, the lack of a supportive government policy framework can also hinder the development of solar energy in the region.

Rivers and Lakes

Arkhangelsk Oblast is a region in northwestern Russia, and its landscape is significantly influenced by the presence of numerous rivers and lakes. The largest river within the oblast is the Northern Dvina, which flows through the central part of the region and forms a vast delta at its mouth. Other major rivers include the Mezen, Pinega, and Onega. These rivers provide a vital source of water and transportation for communities throughout the region. The area is also dotted with numerous lakes, including Lake Lacha, Lake Kenozero, and Lake Vozhe. These lakes offer opportunities for fishing, recreation, and tourism.

Uplands and Lowlands

The topography of Arkhangelsk Oblast is characterized by a combination of uplands and lowlands. The most prominent upland region is the Timan Ridge, which runs along the northeastern border of the oblast. The ridge has an average elevation of 300 meters, with some peaks reaching over 400 meters. The western and southern parts of the region are dominated by lowlands, including the Onega Plain and the Northern Dvina Lowland. These lowlands are generally flat and swampy, with an average elevation of less than 100 meters. The contrasting topography of Arkhangelsk Oblast creates a diverse landscape with both scenic uplands and productive lowlands.

Arkhangelsk Airport (ARH)

Arkhangelsk Airport is the primary airport serving the city of Arkhangelsk, Russia. Located approximately 11 kilometers (6.8 miles) northeast of the city center, it is the largest airport in the Arkhangelsk Oblast region. The airport has a single asphalt runway measuring 2,600 meters (8,530 feet) in length, capable of accommodating a wide range of aircraft including mid-sized jetliners and regional turboprops.

Arkhangelsk Airport offers both domestic and international flights, connecting the city to various destinations within Russia and beyond. Domestically, the airport has regular services to Moscow, St. Petersburg, and other major Russian cities. Internationally, there are direct flights to destinations in Europe, including Oslo, Stockholm, and Helsinki. The airport is a hub for Nordavia Regional Airlines, which operates a network of flights to destinations throughout the Arkhangelsk Oblast and neighboring regions.

History

Arkhangelsk holds a significant place in Russian history. Since its inception in 1584 as a port for the international trade of timber and furs, the city has been a cornerstone of the nation’s economy and a strategic access point to the Barents Sea. During the era of Peter the Great, Arkhangelsk served as Russia’s primary naval port and gateway to the West. It was also here that Lomonosov, the renowned scientist, conducted his groundbreaking experiments in the mid-18th century.

Culture and Attractions

Arkhangelsk boasts a vibrant cultural scene. The city is home to numerous museums, theaters, and art galleries, including the Northern (Arkhangelsk) State Medical University, one of the oldest and most prestigious medical institutions in Russia. The Arkhangelsk Regional Museum of Fine Arts showcases a diverse collection of Russian and international art. The city’s rich history is reflected in its architectural landmarks, such as the Gostiny Dvor shopping arcades and the Holy Trinity Cathedral, considered a masterpiece of Russian Baroque architecture. Additionally, Arkhangelsk is a popular destination for nature enthusiasts, offering excursions to the Solovetsky Islands, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its pristine beauty and historical significance.