Arica Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Chile

Summer in Arica (December to March)

Arica’s summers are characterized by hot and dry conditions, with average temperatures ranging from 23.2°C (73.7°F) to 26.6°C (79.8°F). Precipitation is scarce during this time, with an average of only 1mm per month. The clear skies provide ample sunshine, making it an ideal destination for sunseekers and beachgoers. However, the intense heat and lack of moisture can sometimes be uncomfortable, especially during the hottest hours of the day.

Winter in Arica (June to September)

Winters in Arica offer a reprieve from the summer heat, with average temperatures dropping to a more moderate range of 16.2°C (61.2°F) to 20.2°C (68.4°F). While precipitation increases slightly during this season, it remains relatively low, with an average of 3mm per month. The days are generally clear and sunny, but the nights can be cool, with temperatures often dipping below 10°C (50°F).

Annual Temperature Profile

Arica, a coastal city in northern Chile, experiences a remarkable consistency in its average temperatures throughout the year. The annual average temperature hovers around 18.5°C (65°F), with minimal seasonal variation. The warmest months are January and February, when average temperatures reach a high of approximately 20.6°C (69°F). The coldest months are June and July, when temperatures dip to an average low of 16.1°C (61°F).

Factors Influencing Temperature

The stable temperatures in Arica are primarily attributed to its unique geographical location. Situated near the Tropic of Capricorn, Arica receives ample sunshine year-round. The cold Humboldt Current also plays a significant role in moderating temperatures, preventing excessive heat during summer and keeping winter temperatures from plummeting. Additionally, the Atacama Desert, which extends to the south of Arica, provides a buffer against cold air masses from the Antarctic.

Types of Clouds Observed in Arica, Chile

Arica, Chile, experiences a diverse range of cloud formations due to its unique coastal desert climate. One prevalent cloud type is the cumulus cloud, characterized by its puffy, cotton-like appearance. Cumulus clouds often form during the morning and dissipate by evening. Stratus clouds, on the other hand, are flat, gray layers that cover the sky and can result in drizzle or light rain. They are more common during the winter months when the air is cooler and more stable. Cirrus clouds, consisting of thin, wispy fibers, are the highest-altitude clouds observed in Arica. They are composed of ice crystals and have a delicate, feathery appearance.

Seasonal Influence on Cloud Cover

The cloud cover in Arica is influenced by seasonal variations. During the austral summer (December to February), the region experiences relatively low cloud cover, with the sky often appearing clear and blue. This is due to the strong influence of the South Pacific subtropical high-pressure system, which suppresses cloud formation. In contrast, during the winter months (June to August), cloud cover increases as the subtropical high weakens and cold fronts from the south infiltrate the area. During this period, low-level clouds, such as stratus and stratocumulus, are more prevalent, often resulting in overcast skies and occasional rainfall.

Amount and Distribution of Precipitation

Arica, Chile, experiences an extremely arid climate due to its positioning in the Atacama Desert. The average annual precipitation is a mere 0.7 millimeters, making it one of the driest places on Earth. Rainfall is rare and unpredictable, occurring primarily during the austral winter months (May to September). Occasional fog can produce a form of precipitation known as “camanchaca,” but this is localized and sporadic.

Causes of Aridity

The lack of precipitation in Arica can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, the city is situated in the rain shadow of the Andes Mountains. The moist air rising from the Pacific Ocean condenses as it ascends the mountains and releases precipitation on their western slopes. By the time the air reaches Arica, it has already lost most of its moisture. Additionally, the prevailing winds in the region are from the east, carrying dry air from the interior of the continent. The cold Humboldt Current along the Pacific coast further contributes to the lack of rainfall by cooling the air and inhibiting evaporation.

Seasonal Distribution of Rainfall

Arica, located on the northern coast of Chile, experiences a hyper-arid climate. The city receives an average of 0.7 mm of precipitation annually, making it one of the driest places on Earth. Rainfall is highly seasonal, with virtually no precipitation from May to October. The majority of the annual precipitation falls between November and March, with a peak in January. This rainfall is associated with the passage of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), a band of low atmospheric pressure that brings moisture from the Pacific Ocean to western South America.

Impacts of Low Rainfall

The extremely low rainfall has significant ecological and societal impacts in Arica. The lack of water poses challenges for agriculture, and most of the area is covered by barren desert. The scarce vegetation that does exist is adapted to the arid conditions, consisting primarily of cacti, shrubs, and grasses. The city’s water supply is dependent on desalinated seawater and river water transferred from distant sources. The limited water availability also affects human health, as the dry air can exacerbate respiratory problems. Additionally, the lack of rainfall can lead to droughts and wildfires, further straining the environment and human populations.

Frequency and Characteristics of Snowfall in Arica

Due to its location within the Atacama Desert, Arica is renowned for its arid climate. Consequently, snowfall in this region is a rare meteorological occurrence. However, during exceptional years, when a combination of cold air from the Antarctic and moisture from the Pacific Ocean converge, snowfall can occur in Arica. Such events have been documented sparsely throughout history, with the most recent significant snowfall occurring in August 1994. Snowfall events typically manifest as a thin layer of snow that rapidly melts away due to the warm temperatures.

Impact of Snowfall on Arica

When snowfall occurs in Arica, it often elicits a sense of wonder and enthusiasm among the local population, given its uncommon nature. Snowball fights and snow-centered festivities ensue, creating a memorable experience for both residents and visitors. Moreover, snowfall in Arica can positively impact agriculture. The gradual melting of the snow provides moisture to the soil, enhancing crop growth and increasing agricultural yields in the region. Additionally, the presence of snow can attract tourists who seek to witness this rare phenomenon, providing an economic boost to local tourism.

Sunlight Hours

Arica, Chile, located in the far north of the country, enjoys an abundance of sunshine throughout the year. With an average of 320 sunny days annually, it ranks among the sunniest cities in the world. The city’s coastal location, shielded by the coastal mountains, creates a unique microclimate that minimizes cloud cover and precipitation. During the summer months (December to February), Arica receives an average of 13-14 hours of sunlight per day, while in winter (June to August), the average drops to around 10 hours.

UV Radiation

Due to its proximity to the equator and minimal cloud cover, Arica experiences high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The UV index often reaches extreme levels, particularly during the summer months. It is essential to take precautions when venturing outside by wearing protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen with a high SPF. The Chilean government has implemented a national UV alert system to inform the public of current UV levels and provide guidelines for safe sun exposure. Visitors and residents are advised to be mindful of the risks associated with prolonged exposure to UV radiation and to seek shade during the peak hours of sunlight.

Moon Phases in Arica, Chile

Arica, a coastal city in northern Chile, offers clear skies and minimal light pollution, making it an ideal location for stargazing and lunar observation. The moon’s phases, from new to full, can be witnessed in all their splendor against the backdrop of the Atacama Desert. During a full moon, the desert transforms into an ethereal landscape, casting long shadows and illuminating the surrounding mountains with an otherworldly glow.

The moon’s position and visibility vary throughout the year. Typically, the best time for moon viewing is during the winter months (June to August), when the skies are at their clearest. During this time, stargazers can enjoy prolonged periods of moon visibility, with the moon rising early in the evening and setting late at night. The summer months (December to February) can also provide opportunities for moon observation, although the skies may be slightly less clear due to occasional cloud cover.

Seasonal Humidity Variations

Arica’s humidity exhibits significant seasonal fluctuations. During the warm and dry summer months (December to March), humidity levels typically remain low, hovering around 35-45% on average. The presence of the Atacama Desert, characterized by its extreme aridity, contributes to the low humidity during this time. As autumn approaches (April to May), humidity gradually increases, reaching around 55-65%. This increase is attributed to the influence of southerly maritime air masses and the onset of the cold ocean current, which brings moisture to the region.

Humidity Trends

Over the past few decades, Arica has experienced a gradual increase in average humidity levels. This trend is likely driven by a combination of factors, including global climate change and changes in local weather patterns. Rising sea surface temperatures and alterations in atmospheric circulation may have led to an increase in moisture content in the air, contributing to the observed increase in humidity levels. Additionally, changes in land use, such as increased urbanization and irrigation, can influence local humidity patterns. Understanding these trends and their potential implications for the environment and human health is crucial for sustainable urban planning and climate adaptation.

Wind Patterns and Causes

Arica, Chile is located in a coastal desert region and experiences strong and consistent winds throughout the year. These winds are primarily driven by two factors: the Coriolis effect and the topography of the surrounding terrain. The Coriolis effect is a force that deflects moving air to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, resulting in prevailing westerly winds in Arica. Additionally, the Andes Mountains, which run parallel to the coast, create a venturi effect, channeling and accelerating the winds as they pass through the narrow coastal strip.

Impact on Climate and Environment

The persistent winds in Arica significantly influence the local climate and environment. They keep temperatures relatively mild, despite the city’s tropical latitude. The winds also contribute to the region’s extreme aridity, as they prevent clouds from forming and precipitation from reaching the ground. The strong winds can also create windblown sand and dust, which can be an issue for air quality and respiratory health. However, the winds also play a crucial role in shaping the local flora and fauna, as well as providing a source of energy for wind farms.

Summer (December-February):

Arica’s summer season offers warm, dry weather with average temperatures hovering around 25°C (77°F). The skies remain mostly clear, providing ample sunshine for beachgoers and outdoor enthusiasts. This is the ideal time to enjoy the city’s pristine beaches, such as Playa El Laucho and Playa La Lisera, perfect for swimming, sunbathing, and water sports. The lack of rainfall ensures a pleasant stay without the discomfort of humidity or precipitation.

Winter (June-August):

Arica experiences mild winters with average temperatures dropping to around 16°C (61°F). While less warm than in summer, the weather remains comfortable, with occasional light showers that add a touch of freshness to the atmosphere. Winter visitors can enjoy the city’s cultural and historical attractions, such as the Chinchorro Arica Archaeological Museum, which houses ancient mummies, or the Azapa Valley, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its petroglyphs and archaeological sites. The cooler temperatures make it ideal for exploring the city’s surroundings, such as the El Morro National Park, home to diverse flora and fauna.

Potential and Challenges

Arica, Chile, boasts exceptional solar energy potential due to its high solar radiation levels, making it one of the sunniest regions globally. The Atacama Desert, stretching across northern Chile, receives an average of 7-8 peak sunlight hours daily, providing an ideal setting for large-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) projects. However, the region also faces challenges in developing solar energy, including a rugged terrain that can complicate infrastructure installation and transmission, as well as water scarcity, which limits cooling options for PV systems.

Current Development

Despite these challenges, Arica has made significant strides in solar energy development. The Cerro Dominador Solar Thermal Plant, located near the city of Calama, is one of the largest solar thermal projects in Latin America, generating 110 megawatts (MW) of electricity. Additionally, several large-scale solar PV projects are either under construction or in the planning stages, with a combined capacity exceeding 500 MW. These projects are expected to significantly contribute to Chile’s renewable energy goals and help reduce the country’s dependence on fossil fuels.

Geography of Arica, Chile

Arica, a port city located in the north of Chile, is characterized by a diverse and stunning topography. The city is situated on the coastal plains of the Atacama Desert, renowned for its extreme aridity and distinctive red-colored landscape. As you move inland from the coastline, the terrain gradually transitions into the Andean foothills, which offer a stark contrast to the desert environment, with lush valleys and abundant vegetation.

Diversity of Landscapes

The topography of Arica encompasses a wide range of landscapes, from the barren desert to the lush oasis. The Coastal Cordillera, a mountain range that runs parallel to the coast, separates the Atacama Desert from the Pacific Ocean. Coastal valleys, such as the Azapa Valley, are home to agriculture, supported by the Lluta River that flows through the valley. Further inland, the Andean Plateau exhibits high-altitude landscapes with towering peaks, vast salt flats, and deep canyons. Notable landmarks include the Parinacota and Sajama volcanoes, which rise above the surrounding terrain, adding to the breathtaking scenery.

Chacalluta Airport

Chacalluta Airport (ARI) is the nearest airport to Arica, Chile. It is located about 18 kilometers (11 miles) from the city center. The airport has one runway, which is 2,743 meters (8,999 feet) long. It is operated by the Dirección General de Aeronáutica Civil (DGAC), the Chilean civil aviation authority.

Chacalluta Airport is served by several airlines, including LATAM Airlines, Sky Airline, and JetSmart. These airlines offer flights to Santiago, Iquique, and other cities in Chile. The airport also has international flights to Tacna, Peru. In 2019, Chacalluta Airport handled over 1 million passengers.

Chacalluta Airport Facilities

Chacalluta Airport has a variety of facilities for passengers, including a duty-free shop, restaurants, and bars. There is also a currency exchange office and a bank. The airport has a VIP lounge for business travelers.

Chacalluta Airport is a modern and efficient airport that provides a convenient gateway to Arica and the surrounding region. It is well-connected to other cities in Chile and has a variety of facilities for passengers.

Geography and Climate of Arica, Chile

Arica, a coastal city located in the northernmost region of Chile, is situated on the Pacific Ocean and is bordered by Peru to the north. It boasts a unique combination of desert and coastal landscapes, with the Atacama Desert to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The city’s geography is characterized by rugged coastal cliffs, sandy beaches, and a series of high sand dunes that overlook the sea. Arica’s climate is primarily arid, with very low annual rainfall and high temperatures throughout the year. The city experiences persistent sunshine, minimal humidity, and cool sea breezes that provide relief from the summer heat.

History and Culture of Arica

Arica has a rich and diverse history, having been inhabited by various indigenous cultures before the arrival of Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century. The city became a strategic port during the colonial era and served as a gateway for trade and exploration. In the late 19th century, Arica played a significant role in the War of the Pacific, particularly during the Battle of Arica fought in 1880. The city boasts a vibrant cultural heritage influenced by its indigenous roots, Spanish colonial past, and modern-day influences from Peru and Bolivia. Arica’s cultural offerings include traditional music and dance, historical landmarks, and a vibrant culinary scene that showcases flavors from various cultures. The city is also home to the University of Tarapacá, which contributes to its intellectual and cultural life.