Ar Ruseris Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Sudan

Temperature

Ar Ruseris experiences hot and dry conditions throughout the year, with average temperatures hovering around 30°C (86°F). The hottest months are April and May, when temperatures can reach up to 40°C (104°F). Winter months from December to February offer some relief, with temperatures dropping to around 25°C (77°F) at night. However, even during these months, daytime temperatures can still soar above 30°C (86°F).

Rainfall

Ar Ruseris is characterized by an arid climate with very low annual rainfall. The region receives less than 100mm of rainfall per year, primarily during the brief rainy season from July to September. During the remaining months, there is virtually no precipitation, resulting in a parched landscape with scarce vegetation. The lack of rainfall contributes to the desertification process in the area and makes it challenging for agriculture and water conservation.

Climate Summary

Ar Ruseris, located in the arid plains of Sudan, experiences a hot desert climate characterized by scorching summers, mild winters, and scant precipitation. The region’s location near the Sahara Desert profoundly influences its weather patterns, resulting in extreme temperature fluctuations throughout the year.

Seasonal Temperatures

During the summer months (May to September), Ar Ruseris swelters under relentless heat, with average temperatures ranging from 29°C (84°F) to a staggering 45°C (113°F). The absence of monsoon winds exacerbates the aridity, with humidity levels plummeting to as low as 10%. Nights offer little respite, as temperatures remain elevated, hovering around 25°C (77°F). In contrast, the winter months (December to February) bring a welcome respite from the searing heat, with average temperatures ranging from 12°C (54°F) to 20°C (68°F). Although nights can be chilly, with temperatures dipping below 10°C (50°F), daytime temperatures remain pleasant.

Formation and Types of Clouds in Ar Ruseris, Sudan

Ar Ruseris, Sudan is located in the tropical savanna climate zone, which experiences distinct wet and dry seasons. During the wet season (April to October), the convergence of moist air masses from the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean results in the formation of clouds over the region. These clouds are primarily of the cumulus and cumulonimbus types, characterized by their towering, cauliflower-like appearance. Cumulus clouds are typically associated with fair weather, while cumulonimbus clouds can produce thunderstorms, hail, and heavy rainfall.

Impact of Clouds on Weather and Climate in Ar Ruseris, Sudan

Clouds play a crucial role in regulating the weather and climate of Ar Ruseris, Sudan. During the wet season, they provide necessary rainfall for agriculture and maintain the region’s lush vegetation. However, excessive cloud cover can also lead to flooding and crop damage. During the dry season (November to March), clouds are typically less frequent and are primarily of the cirrus or cirrocumulus types, which are higher-altitude clouds composed of ice crystals. These clouds have less impact on weather conditions and allow for clear skies and intense solar radiation.

Seasonal Distribution

Precipitation in Ar Ruseris, Sudan, exhibits a distinct seasonal distribution characterized by a pronounced wet season and a protracted dry season. During the wet season, which typically spans from April to October, Ar Ruseris receives the majority of its annual rainfall. The wet season is characterized by frequent thunderstorms and heavy rainfall, with average monthly precipitation exceeding 100 mm. The dry season, on the other hand, extends from November to March and is characterized by minimal rainfall, often receiving less than 10 mm of precipitation per month.

Climate Patterns and Trends

The precipitation patterns in Ar Ruseris are influenced by the interplay of several climate factors, including the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The ITCZ, a band of low pressure that brings heavy rainfall, migrates northward during the wet season, resulting in increased precipitation in Ar Ruseris. During the dry season, the ITCZ shifts southward, leading to reduced rainfall. ENSO also affects precipitation patterns, with El Niño years typically experiencing reduced rainfall in Ar Ruseris and La Niña years associated with increased precipitation. Additionally, long-term climate trends have indicated a gradual increase in annual precipitation in the region, potentially due to human-induced climate change.

Rainfall Patterns

Ar Ruseris, located in Sudan, experiences a distinct rainfall pattern characterized by a pronounced rainy season and a prolonged dry season. The rainy season typically coincides with the months from April to October, accounting for the majority of the annual precipitation. During this period, heavy rains are common, with downpours often leading to flooding in low-lying areas. The average annual rainfall in Ar Ruseris ranges from 500 to 700 millimeters, with variations occurring year to year. The onset and duration of the rainy season can fluctuate, influenced by factors such as the movement of weather systems and large-scale climate patterns.

Seasonal Impacts

The seasonal rainfall in Ar Ruseris has significant impacts on the local environment and agriculture. The heavy rains during the rainy season replenish water sources, including rivers, lakes, and ponds, providing vital water for human consumption, livestock, and irrigation. The vegetation flourishes, with grasslands and forests thriving in the moist conditions. However, the intense rainfall can also pose challenges, as excess runoff can lead to erosion and flooding. During the dry season, which typically extends from November to March, rainfall is scarce, and the landscape becomes arid. This period presents challenges for farmers and herders, as water becomes scarce and grazing areas dry up.

Climate of Ar Ruseris

Ar Ruseris, located in the Red Sea Hills region of Sudan, experiences a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). The city is characterized by extremely high temperatures throughout the year, with average highs exceeding 40°C (104°F) even in the cooler months. Rainfall is extremely rare in Ar Ruseris, with annual precipitation typically less than 50 mm (2 in). The city’s aridity is due to its location in the rain shadow of the Ethiopian Highlands, which block moisture-carrying clouds from reaching the area.

Historical Snowfall Event

On January 2, 2018, a highly anomalous weather event occurred in Ar Ruseris when the city experienced a snowfall. This was the first recorded snowfall in Ar Ruseris and the surrounding region. The snowfall was caused by a rare cold front that brought unusually cold air from the north. The snow fell for several hours, accumulating to a depth of approximately 5 cm (2 in). The snowfall caused widespread amazement and excitement among the local population, as it was a truly extraordinary event for the region.

Sunrise and Sunset Times

In Ar Ruseris, Sudan, the sun rises and sets at different times throughout the year due to the Earth’s tilt and orbit around the sun. During the summer months, the sun rises around 6:00 AM and sets around 6:30 PM, providing approximately 12 hours of daylight. In the winter months, the sun rises around 7:00 AM and sets around 5:30 PM, resulting in shorter days with around 10 hours of daylight.

Daylight Hours and Twilight

The number of daylight hours in Ar Ruseris varies significantly throughout the year, ranging from approximately 10 hours in the winter to 12 hours in the summer. In addition to daylight hours, there are also periods of twilight, which are the gradual transitions from darkness to dawn or from dusk to darkness. Civil twilight occurs when the sun is 6 degrees below the horizon, providing enough light for activities such as walking or reading. Nautical twilight occurs when the sun is 12 degrees below the horizon, allowing for the visibility of stars and navigation at sea.

Moon in Ar Ruseris, Sudan

The moon’s appearance in Ar Ruseris, Sudan varies throughout the lunar cycle. During the new moon phase, the moon is not visible from Earth. As the moon waxes, it appears as a thin crescent in the western sky after sunset. Over the next few days, the moon continues to grow, becoming more visible each night.

At the first quarter phase, the moon is half illuminated and appears in the western sky at sunset. The moon continues to wax, becoming more visible each night and reaching its fullest illumination at the full moon phase. The full moon is visible in the eastern sky at sunset and remains visible throughout the night.

Mean Monthly Humidity

Ar Ruseris experiences significant variations in humidity throughout the year. During the dry season, which spans from November to April, the average relative humidity hovers around 20-30%. This low humidity is attributed to the dry, northeasterly trade winds that sweep across the region. As the rainy season approaches in May, the humidity levels begin to rise, reaching a peak of around 70-80% in August. During this time, the southwest monsoon brings moisture into the area, leading to an increase in cloud cover and precipitation.

Diurnal Variation

In Ar Ruseris, the diurnal variation in humidity is also pronounced. During the day, particularly in the dry season, the humidity is typically lower due to the intense heat and evaporation. As the sun sets and temperatures cool, the humidity increases, reaching its maximum shortly before sunrise. This daily humidity cycle is a result of the interplay between temperature and the water vapor content in the atmosphere.

Wind Patterns

Ar Ruseris experiences distinct seasonal wind patterns. During the dry season from November to March, the prevailing winds are from the northeast, bringing in warm and dry air from the Sahara Desert. These winds, known locally as “haboobs,” can sometimes reach gale-force strength and cause sandstorms that reduce visibility and can pose a hazard to navigation. In contrast, during the rainy season from June to September, the prevailing winds shift to the southwest, carrying moisture from the Gulf of Guinea. These seasonal wind patterns play a significant role in shaping the climate and weather conditions in Ar Ruseris.

Wind Energy Potential

The northeastern winds during the dry season offer significant potential for wind energy in Ar Ruseris. The region has a high average wind speed, which could be harnessed to generate electricity through wind turbines. Wind energy projects could contribute to meeting the growing energy demand in Sudan, diversify the energy mix, and provide a sustainable source of renewable energy. However, the development of wind energy in the region faces challenges related to grid infrastructure, transmission lines, and the potential environmental impact on migratory bird species. Nonetheless, the wind energy potential in Ar Ruseris remains a promising avenue for future development and investment in renewable energy.

Best Time to Visit Ar Ruseris, Sudan

The best time to visit Ar Ruseris, Sudan is during the cooler months from November to February. During this time, the weather is pleasant, with daytime temperatures ranging from 25-30°C (77-86°F). The nights are cool, with temperatures dropping to around 15°C (59°F). The humidity is also lower during this time, making it more comfortable to explore the city.

From March to May, the weather in Ar Ruseris starts to get hotter, with daytime temperatures reaching up to 35°C (95°F). The humidity also starts to increase, making it feel even hotter. Summer temperatures can soar to 40°C (104°F) and above, so it’s best to avoid visiting during this time. The rainy season runs from June to October, and during this time, the city experiences heavy rainfall. The roads can become impassable, and it can be difficult to get around.

Solar Potential and Resource Assessment

Ar Ruseris, a town in Sudan, possesses significant solar potential due to its location in the sunbelt region. The town receives an average of 6-8 kWh/m2/day of solar irradiance, making it an ideal location for solar energy development. Several studies have assessed the solar resource in Ar Ruseris, confirming its high potential for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems.

Solar Energy Development

Despite the promising solar potential, the development of solar energy in Ar Ruseris is still in its early stages. The town currently has a limited number of solar PV systems installed, primarily for off-grid applications. However, there is growing interest in harnessing solar energy for grid-connected power generation. Several government initiatives and private sector investments are underway to promote solar energy development in the town. These efforts aim to increase the adoption of solar PV systems, reduce reliance on conventional energy sources, and contribute to the overall sustainability of the region.

General Topography

Ar Ruseris is a town in the Blue Nile State of Sudan, situated on the eastern bank of the Blue Nile River. The town’s topography is characterized by undulating hills, which rise gently to the east and west. The hills are intersected by numerous wadis, or dry riverbeds, that carry water during the rainy season. The land surrounding Ar Ruseris is primarily used for agricultural purposes, with crops such as sorghum, millet, and sesame being grown along the banks of the wadis. The area is also home to numerous grazing lands, which support livestock such as sheep, goats, and cattle.

Mountainous Regions

To the east of Ar Ruseris, the topography becomes more rugged, with the land rising sharply to form a series of mountains. These mountains, which are part of the Ethiopian Highlands, reach elevations of up to 2,000 meters above sea level. The mountains are composed primarily of sandstone and limestone, and their slopes are covered by dense vegetation, including forests and grasslands. The mountainous regions to the east of Ar Ruseris provide a stunning backdrop to the town, and they are home to a variety of wildlife, including monkeys, baboons, and various species of birds.

Nearest Airport

The nearest airport to Ar Ruseris, Sudan, is Rabak Airport (RAB), located approximately 101 kilometers (63 miles) to the southeast. Rabak Airport is a small domestic airport that offers limited commercial flights. The primary airline operating at Rabak Airport is Sudan Airways, which provides regular flights to Khartoum International Airport (KRT), the largest airport in Sudan. From Khartoum, travelers can connect to various destinations within Sudan and internationally.

Alternative Airport

An alternative airport option for travelers to Ar Ruseris is Kosti Airport (KST), located approximately 125 kilometers (78 miles) to the northwest. Kosti Airport is a larger airport compared to Rabak Airport and offers more frequent commercial flights. The primary airlines operating at Kosti Airport include Sudan Airways, Tarco Airlines, and Badr Airlines. From Kosti, travelers can connect to major cities in Sudan, including Khartoum, Port Sudan, and El Obeid. Both Rabak Airport and Kosti Airport provide essential air connectivity for travelers visiting Ar Ruseris and the surrounding region.

History and Significance

Ar Ruseris, located in central Sudan, has a rich historical and cultural heritage. It is believed to have been founded in the 9th century by the Rashaida tribe, who originated from the Arabian Peninsula. Ar Ruseris served as an important trading center on the Red Sea coast, connecting inland Sudan with the outside world. During the 19th century, it played a pivotal role in the Sudanese Mahdist Revolution against British rule. Today, Ar Ruseris remains a significant town known for its historical sites, including the Mahdi’s Tomb and the Ar Ruseris Museum.

Culture and Economy

Ar Ruseris is a diverse town with a vibrant culture. The local population consists of a mix of Arab, Nubian, and Beja ethnic groups. The town is known for its traditional music and dance, which often feature during weddings and festivals. The local economy is primarily based on agriculture, with farmers cultivating cotton, sorghum, and vegetables. Ar Ruseris also has some small-scale industries, including textile and leather production. In recent years, tourism has become an increasingly important part of the town’s economy, due to its historical significance and proximity to the Red Sea.